Download or read book Land Use Change Effects on Soil Degradation Carbon and Nutrient Stocks and Greenhouse Gas Emission in Mountain Watersheds written by Keshab D. Awasthi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soil Management and Climate Change written by Maria Angeles Munoz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Management and Climate Change: Effects on Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides a state of the art overview of recent findings and future research challenges regarding physical, chemical and biological processes controlling soil carbon, nitrogen dynamic and greenhouse gas emissions from soils. This book is for students and academics in soil science and environmental science, land managers, public administrators and legislators, and will increase understanding of organic matter preservation in soil and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Given the central role soil plays on the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to increase our common understanding about sources, mechanisms and processes that regulate organic matter mineralization and stabilization, and to identify those management practices and processes which mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, helping increase organic matter stabilization with suitable supplies of available N. Provides the latest findings about soil organic matter stabilization and greenhouse gas emissions Covers the effect of practices and management on soil organic matter stabilization Includes information for readers to select the most suitable management practices to increase soil organic matter stabilization

Download or read book Carbon Sequestration in Soils written by Norman J. Rosenberg and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere as the result of fossil fuel emissions and land use change (especially tropical deforestation) threatens to cause global warming and climatic change. One means of reducing the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is through its capture by photosynthesis and storage (sequestration) in soil. The quantities of carbon that can be sequestered during the next century are enough to offset two or three decades' worth of carbon emissions at the current rate. The book deals with four issues that must be addressed before soil carbon sequestration programs can be implemented on a large scale: new science, monitoring and verification, the soil carbon sequestration/desertification linkage, and policy and implementation issues. Contents include - Science Needs and New Technology for Soil Carbon Sequestration - Monitoring and Verifying Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration - Desertification Control to Sequester C and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect - Soil Carbon: Policy and Economics - Science Needs and New Technologies - Monitoring and Verifying - Desertification

Download or read book Land Use and the Carbon Cycle written by Daniel G. Brown and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-28 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive exploration of how land use interacts with the atmosphere and carbon cycle, for advanced students, researchers and policy makers.

Download or read book Land Use Change and Slope Positions Affect Soil Organic Carbon written by Wycliffe Tumwesigye and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-01-27 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changing land use and slope positions have a considerable influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil fertility. We investigated soil organic carbon stocks in annual crops, community tea and factory tea along three slope positions: up slope, middle slope and down slope. It was found that soil organic carbon stocks are higher in factory tea, followed by community tea and lastly annual crops. The differences in SOC stocks were attributed to different management practices across the land use types such as use of fertilizers. Converting land use from annual crops to tea plantations resulted into an increase in SOC stocks. There was high SOC stocks down slope followed by up slope and the least SOC stocks were found in middle slope. This was attributed to the effect of soil erosion especially, on middle slopes that draws soil down from the top to the bottom of the hills. It was concluded that Land use change and management practices both have an influence on SOC stocks and these affect the soil fertility and crop production in the long run

Download or read book Land Use and the Causes of Global Warming written by W. Neil Adger and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1995-02-17 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global watming through the enhanced greehouse effect is one of themajor and most uncertain forces of global environmental changepresently facing the earth. This book is a guide to the scientificand policy debate concerning the roles of agriculture, forestry andother activities leading to global warming. The influence of landuse on the greehouse effect is important, not only in terms of netemissions of greenhouse gases, but also in the potential to reduceemissions through changing land use policies. Land Use and the Causes of Global Warming reviews the globalemissions of greenhouse gases from land use sources, highlightingthe undertainties in estimating both the magnitude of the fluxesand the scale of land use change. Policies of afforestation,policies to encourage the halting of deforestation and changingmanagement pravctices in agriculture are all examined from theperspectives of feasibility, cost and equity. The authorsillustrate how all land use policies are multi-objective but thatthe reduction of grenhouse gas emissions must be a key element inforestry and agriculture policy on a global bais. This is aninvaluable book for all thoe in the climate change researchcommunity, environmental scientits, economists and social scientitsin research institutions.

Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

Download or read book Combined Effects of Land Use Change and Climate Change on Soil Loss and Water Bablance Variables written by Yashar Makhtoumi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in water balance variables such as runoff and evapotranspiration (ET) are essential in planning and management of land and water resources. Two major factors affecting these variables are climate and land use change. There is a need to investigate the combined effects of land use and climate change at local scales. Towards that end, the hydrological processes were modeled using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the impacts of climate and land use change in Southeast US (Makhtoumi, Li, Ibeanusi, and Chen, 2020). We integrated land use based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) with future climate data (CMIP5) to study the combined effects on hydrological response of Upper Choctawhatchee Watershed (UCW.) Future rainfall and air temperature, for two time periods (2040-2069 and 2070-2099), were obtained using Global Climate Models to provide SWAT with the climatic forcing in order to project water balance variables. The simulation was carried out under two radiative forcing pathways of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP6.0.) Our results indicate that increased imperviousness resulted from urbanization has more impact on runoff than that of projected changes in climate. Impacts on water balance variables (runoff, ET, discharge) differed seasonally. Results showed peak surface runoff experienced changes under both emission scenarios in June up to five times increase. Among the water balance variables, ET as the least dominant pathways for water loss, showed the modest changes with the largest decrease during fall and summer. Projections indicated more frequent extreme behavior regarding precipitation, peak surface runoff, water yield (WY) and ET, during midcentury. Discharge was estimated to increase through the year and the highest changes were expected during summer and fall with 186.3% increase in November under RCP6.0. Relying on rainfall for farming along with reduced agricultural land use (11.8%) and increased urban area (47%) and population growth, would likely make the water use efficiency critical. In our second study, we focused on the combined impact of land use and climate change on soil erosion at local scales. Topsoil loss is a widespread environmental concern causing adverse impacts on natural and human systems. Severe weather accompanied with human activities can exacerbate this issue degrading soil health and consequently accelerating global and regional food insecurity and injustice. Erosion impairs soil physical and chemical properties such as infiltration rate, water holding capacity, loss of nutrients including soil carbon and nitrogen. Although, temporal properties of a rainfall event have meaningful implications for soil erosion, spatial heterogeneity of a rainfall contributes substantially and cannot be overlooked. Therefore, in the third chapter we investigated soil loss using SWAT in Northern Mississippi. First, we built a hydrological model and calibrated it for both flow and sediment discharge. Then we developed land use and climate scenarios. The land use scenarios include farming (soybean and corn) and grazing practices. The climate scenarios comprise of four different precipitation time series, S0 which no concentration is forced, while S1, S2, and S3 have 3%, 6%, and 9% concentration in top four rainy days, respectively. We coupled the land use and climate scenarios and evaluated a small watershed (Hickahala Creek Watershed) in response. We classified the subbasins into different classes of soil loss severity and then determined the hotspots for soil loss at subbasin scale. Our result suggests that the resolution of rainfall data is crucial in studying the soil loss. We found that pasture management by itself can manifold soil loss, and if accompanied with extreme rainfalls, soil loss accelerates impacting different subbasins each time. We found that spatial heterogeneity of extreme rainfalls (ERs) can be more substantial than land use in individual extreme rainfalls; however, over a year, soil moisture and type of the management practices (grazing and farming) could contribute more to soil loss. Soil loss can go as high as 350 (ton/ha/yr) under the ERs. Adding only the management practices can increase erosion 3600%. Under S1 parts of watershed yield more than 150 ton/ha/yr (extremely severe). Under S2 and S3 more soil loss hotspots emerge yielding approximately 200 ton/ha/yr. We found that in the hotspots, up to 10% increase in CI can increase annual soil loss up to 75%. Single ER can generate up to 35% of annual soil loss. Under one ER event hotspot subbasins can lose up to 160 ton/ha/day (subbasin 15). The results reveal that adding grazing and farming (S0) under one ER event can increase soil loss by 95%. 32% and 80% increase in rainfall amount in one ER event can increase soil loss by 94% and 285% respectively. Our results suggested the importance of site-specific managements to mitigate soil loss and all the consequences. It is essential to consider the varying sensitivity of subbasins for the sustainability of agricultural landscapes.

Download or read book Ecological Intensification and Sustainable Intensification Increasing Benefits to and Reducing Impacts on the Environment to Improve Future Agricultural and Food Systems written by Aaron Kinyu Hoshide and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Climate Change and Land written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-08 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL) is the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of the multiple interactions between climate change and land, assessing climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. It assesses the options for governance and decision-making across multiple scales. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Download or read book Mountain Landscapes in Transition written by Udo Schickhoff and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-02 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles available knowledge of the response of mountain ecosystems to recent climate and land use change and intends to bridge the gap between science, policy and the community concerned. The chapters present key concepts, major drivers and key processes of mountain response, providing transdisciplinary orientation to mountain studies incorporating experiences of academics, community leaders and policy-makers from developed and less developed countries. The book chapters are arranged in two sections. The first section concerns the response processes of mountain environments to climate change. This section addresses climate change itself (past, current and future changes of temperature and precipitation) and its impacts on the cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and human-environment systems. The second section focuses on the response processes of mountain environments to land use/land cover change. The case studies address effects of changing agriculture and pastoralism, forest/water resources management and urbanization processes, landscape management, and biodiversity conservation. The book is designed as an interdisciplinary publication which critically evaluates developments in mountains of the world with contributions from both social and natural sciences.

Download or read book Land Use Land use Change and Forestry written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Climate and Land Degradation written by Mannava VK Sivakumar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-11 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on an International Workshop held in Arusha, Tanzania, this book presents state-of-the-art papers, real world applications, and innovative techniques for combating land degradation. It offers recommendations for effectively using weather and climate information for sustainable land management practices.

Download or read book Effect of Agricultural Land Use Changes on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Dynamics in Drained Peat Soils in the San Joaquin Delta CA written by Yacov Assa and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AbstractGreenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) from two cropping systems on Twitchell Island was monitored spring 2010 to spring 2012. The island is one of 57 manmade Islands located in the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta in California (herein the "Delta"). The cropping systems under study were field corn and Delta rice. The project was set to study the effects of the cropping system on GHG emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC). Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) emissions measurement was done every one to three weeks during spring 2010-2012. Crop final biomass and total carbon (C) was measured for residue and C input estimation each year. In addition, the effect of crop residue levels on GHG emissions and C dynamics was studied over one year in each system during 2010-2011. The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that conversion of subsided agricultural peat land from the current corn system to Delta rice would reduce overall GHG emissions, mainly CO2 and N2O. It was hypothesized that the increase in CH4 emissions due to the flooding conditions would be insignificant relative to total reduction in CO2 emissions.The Delta rice CH4 cumulative emissions differed between the two years of study (212 and 39 kg CH4 C/ha for the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 year, respectively). The reduction in 2011-2012 vs. 2010-2011 CH4 emissions was likely due to the placement of rice residue 20-30cm below soil surface when the field was moldboard plowed in spring 2011 and the shorter flooding period during the 2011 rice growing season (108 vs. 82 days in 2010 and 2011, respectively). In an experiment to determine the effects of various levels of rice residue on CO2 and CH4 emissions, CH4 emissions from plots receiving rice residues averaged as much as 3 times higher than plots with no residue, while CO2 emissions were not affected. During both years, a significant percentage of the CH4was emitted during the winter field drain in preparation for spring planting (63% and 53% in 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 respectively). Total CO2 emissions in the rice system averaged slightly lower during 2010-2011 than in 2011-2012 (8044kg CO2 C vs. 9860kg CO2 -C/ha), respectively with over 70% of the emissions occurring when the field was not flooded. These figures are likely an overestimation, as they do not take into account the diurnal temperature fluctuation where soil respiration is lower at night. Total N2O emissions were higher in the rice system during 2010-2011 than 2011-2012 (11 kg N2O-N/ha and 6 kg N2O-N/ha in 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 respectively). All GHG emissions were related to flooding regime and soil water status, and were highest after the winter drain and during the period of field operations to summer flood for rice growing.In the corn system, total CO2 emissions were similar in 2011-2012 and 2010-2011 (8845 and 8405 kg CO2-C/ha respectively) with about 60% of it occurring during the corn growing period. N2O emissions averaged higher in the 2nd year of the study (8.9 vs. 12.6 kg N2O-N/ha in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 periods, respectively). N2O emissions from the corn system were also affected by soil water status, and were highest in the spring during a period of drop in water table levels. Residue level did not affect CO2 or N2O emissions in the cornfield. Total estimated residue carbon input from both systems was similar in 2011 (circa 5 metric tons C/ha) but was higher in the corn system in 2010 (circa 5 and 9 metric tons C /ha in the rice and corn systems respectively). In 2011 the corn residue was baled and removed, which left an estimated 1 ton C/ha from residue input. Both systems are a net source of GHG. A significant portion of the rice GHG emissions occurred during the fallow period and when the rice was planted but not flooded (i.e. pre-flood and drain process). In the corn system, GHG emissions occurred during the summer (CO2) and spring (N2O). Rice total GHG emissions (in CO2 equivalents) were higher in 2010-2011 but not significantly different in 2011-2012 than the corn system. Although the rice did not significantly reduce CO2emissions, while increasing CH4, it offers a system with more room for management improvements for GHG and subsidence mitigation. N2O emissions consisted of 50% to 75% of the annual GWP in CO2 equivalents in the two years (excluding CO2 emissions) in the rice system. A management practice that reduces N2O emissions would greatly reduce the total GHG. Lengthening the period the field is flooded in the winter, and shortening the drainage periods can significantly reduce N2O and CO2 emissions. But the possible increase in CH4emissions should be considered. Also, summer mid-season drain is likely reduce CH4 emissions during the summer flooding period and possibly during the fall drainage. The shortening of the drainage period can be achieved by actively pumping water out of the drainage ditches instead of letting the water percolate down, although the energy cost and effect on drain water DOC content should be considered. Improving agronomic management practices, such as variety selection for higher yield and lower days to harvest would shorten the period for CH4 emissions during the summer. Lastly, better crop establishment would improve crop uniformity, which again would lead to shorter time to harvest and guaranty higher yields.

Download or read book Impacts of Landscape Change on Water Resources written by Manoj K. Jha and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in land use and land cover can have many drivers, including population growth, urbanization, agriculture, demand for food, evolution of socio-economic structure, policy regulations, and climate variability. The impacts of these changes on water resources range from changes in water availability (due to changes in losses of water to evapotranspiration and recharge) to degradation of water quality (increased erosion, salinity, chemical loadings, and pathogens). The impacts are manifested through complex hydro-bio-geo-climate characteristics, which underscore the need for integrated scientific approaches to understand the impacts of landscape change on water resources. Several techniques, such as field studies, long-term monitoring, remote sensing technologies, and advanced modeling studies, have contributed to better understanding the modes and mechanisms by which landscape changes impact water resources. Such research studies can help unlock the complex interconnected influences of landscape on water resources in terms of quantity and quality at multiple spatial and temporal scales. In this Special Issue, we published a set of eight peer-reviewed articles elaborating on some of the specific topics of landscape changes and associated impacts on water resources.

Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Microbes Mechanisms and Modeling written by Baoli Zhu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-05-29 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, the global average temperature is projected to increase by 0.2 °C per decade due to past and ongoing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To limit global warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, not only does carbon dioxide (CO2) emission need to reach net zero around 2050, but the emissions of other GHGs also have to reduce substantially. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are very important GHGs, and their global warming potentials are 300 and 25 times that of CO2 over a 100-year time scale. Since pre-industrial times, atmospheric N2O concentrations have increased by more than 20%, and CH4 concentrations have nearly tripled to the current 1900 ppb. Studies have suggested that the ongoing increase of atmospheric N2O and CH4 emissions is mostly attributed to microbial activities.

Download or read book Environmental Change in Mountains and Uplands written by Martin Beniston and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountain environments are often perceived to be austere, isolated, and inhospitable. In fact, these areas are of immense value to mankind, providing direct life support to close to 10 percent of the world's population and sustaining a wide variety of species - many of which are endemic to this environment. 'Environmental Change in Mountains and Uplands' provides detailed account of the fragile and marginal physical and socio-economic systems which make up the world's mountain regions. Discussing the direct and indirect impacts of human interference on environmental ecosystems, it then turns to the social and economic consequences of such environmental change - both upon the mountain environment itself and upon the populations who depend on mountain resources for their economic sustenance. This book includes a review of possible implications for adaption and mitigation strategies in a global context. Working within a broad temporal scale, it draws upon paleoenvironmental records to document past changes which have occured in the absence of major anthropogenic influences, as well as utilising modelling as a means to assessing future environmental change.