Download or read book Environmental Externalities written by New Zealand. Ministry of Transport and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Transport Pricing Study Environmental Externalities Summary Report written by New Zealand. Ministry of Transport and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Transport Externalities written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Transport Pricing Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cost of Air Pollution Health Impacts of Road Transport written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-21 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study reports on the economic cost of the health impacts of air pollution from road transport – on a global scale but with special reference to China, India and the OECD countries.
Download or read book Measuring the Marginal Social Cost of Transport written by Christopher Nash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-10-20 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many transport economists have for some time proposed marginal social cost as the principle on which prices in the transport sector should be based and, in recent years, their prescription has come to be taken more and more seriously by policy-makers. However, in order to properly test the possible implications of implementing pricing based on marginal social cost and, ultimately, to introduce such a system, it is necessary to actually measure the marginal social costs concerned, and how they vary according to mode, time and context. This book reviews the transport pricing policy debate and reports on the significant advances made in measuring the marginal social costs of transport, particularly through UNITE and other European research projects. We look in turn at infrastructure, operating costs, user costs (both of congestion and of charges in frequency of scheduled transport services) accidents and environmental costs, and how these estimates have been used to examine the impact of marginal cost pricing in transport. We finish by examining how the results of case studies might be generalised to obtain estimates of marginal social costs for all circumstances and, finally, presenting our conclusions.
Download or read book Environmental External Costs of Transport written by Peter Bickel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport is very important for the economy and our welfare. However, transport also causes a lot of problems, including air pollution. Such problems should be taken into account, when making decisions. A prerequisite for doing so is, that the impacts are known, quantitatively measured and allocated to the different activities in transport. Furthermore, they should be transformed into monetary units to be used as a basis for cost-benefit analyses or as an aid for setting taxes and charges, that reflect the external costs. This book describes a methodology for calculating impacts of transport activities and external costs caused by air pollution and presents numerous applications of this methodology for different transport technologies, locations and policy case studies. The approach has been developed and results have been calculated within the research project 'ExternE Core/Transport', financed to a large extent by the European Commission, Directorate General Research. We would like to thank especially Pierre Vallette and Pekka Jarviletho from the EC for their advice and support. A considerable number of experts with expertise in the different disciplines of this highly interdisciplinary work contributed to this book. The editors would like to thank the authors (see list on p. XV) for their contributions; it is especially remarkable, that the authors helped to make this book an integrated whole instead of a number of independent contributions.
Download or read book The True Costs of Road Transport written by David Maddison and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 1996 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Blueprint 5 written by Olof Johansson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence has come to light regarding the impact of benzene emissions from road transport, the incidence of asthmatic attacks and the possible toll of particulate matter from diesel engines on human health. This book examines the issues and argues that, without a fundamental change in policy, it is inevitable that the transport sector will continue to impose increasing costs on the natural environment, human health and the economy. It also quantifies the external costs of road transport and suggests new measures, such as road pricing and financial incentives, to pave the way to a sustainable transport system.
Download or read book Hidden Costs of Energy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-05-26 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.
Download or read book Land Transport Pricing Study written by New Zealand. Ministry of Transport and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Externalities of Transportation Fuels written by Robert H. Beach and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research report examines the economic and environmental externalities associated with the US transportation sector. The United States currently accounts for about 25 percent of world oil consumption, about 50 percent of which is imported. Achieving energy security by reducing dependence on imported oil has been the foremost challenge of several major energy-importing countries, including the United States. In this study, we explored the costs associated with energy security/cost of dependence on oil and estimated the environmental externalities associated with different types of transportation fuels based on a set of economic, environmental, and life-cycle analysis models. Our assessment of estimations on oil dependence costs indicates that several elements constitute the true cost of oil and not many studies have attempted to include all of these costs for various reasons. For analyzing the environmental externalities, we used GREET, a life-cycle analysis model; the FASOM-GHG model of agriculture and forestry; APEEP—an integrated assessment model to calculate the marginal damage of emissions; GTAP-BIO—a computable general equilibrium model to estimate land use changes; and the OSIRIS model to estimate the species extinctions based on deforestation. This study on assessing the externalities could provide a quantitative basis for policy initiatives pertaining to America’s future transportation infrastructure. This study suggests that there is a need to consider economic, environmental, and other societal costs within a holistic framework to assess relative costs and benefits and suitability of alternative transportation fuels that could play a role in meeting our future energy needs
Download or read book Land Transport Pricing Issues written by Simon Timothy Chapple and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Transport Pricing Study written by New Zealand. Ministry of Transport and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Land Transport Pricing Study incorporates considerations of the costs and benefits of transport infrastructure including social and environmental effects associated with land transport"--(National roading account. Discussion paper, p. 1).
Download or read book Updating Environmental Externalities Unit Values written by Caroline Evans and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides updated unit costs and price indices used to estimate environmental costs in the economic evaluation of Australian road infrastructure and transport projects. A series of calibrated environmental costs and user guidance is provided across a range of externality types such as air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, noise, soil and water pollution, biodiversity, nature and landscape, urban effects and upstream and downstream categories. These are further disaggregated according to passenger and freight transport (road and rail) in urban and rural locations. Maximum and minimum ranges are also calculated for these externalities. Detailed user information on the application of the externality values derived is also provided. The project used revised methodologies and data sources to derive the updated estimates. The research that informed the methodology is detailed in the report.
Download or read book Back on Track written by Philip G. Laird and published by UNSW Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Australia's freight transport system now has the highest proportion of truck use of any developed country in the world, and with New Zealand, its cities are heavily dependent on cars. Back on Track considers the historic, economic and political issues that have led to this situation, and concludes that the emergence of such a strongly road-oriented system has not been in the national interest, on both economic and environmental grounds. It develops a detailed analysis of Australia's 'road transport deficit'. The authors suggest that rail is the neglected element in Australian and New Zealand transport systems and despite a history of 'policy paralysis', they offer a rail-based ten point plan that could see both countries' transport systems 'back on track'. Using new data on transportation trends from Australia and around the world, the book sets out a vision for the future of freight and inter-capital transport in Australia and New Zealand, and offers innovative transport strategies for each of the major cities in both countries.
Download or read book Externality Pricing written by William Allen Sims and published by Division, 1991, c1992 .. This book was released on 1991 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
