Download or read book Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development written by Ephraim Nkonya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-11 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals with land degradation, which is occurring in almost all terrestrial biomes and agro-ecologies, in both low and high income countries and is stretching to about 30% of the total global land area. About three billion people reside in these degraded lands. However, the impact of land degradation is especially severe on livelihoods of the poor who heavily depend on natural resources. The annual global cost of land degradation due to land use and cover change (LUCC) and lower cropland and rangeland productivity is estimated to be about 300 billion USD. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounts for the largest share (22%) of the total global cost of land degradation. Only about 38% of the cost of land degradation due to LUCC - which accounts for 78% of the US$300 billion loss – is borne by land users and the remaining share (62%) is borne by consumers of ecosystem services off the farm. The results in this volume indicate that reversing land degradation trends makes both economic sense, and has multiple social and environmental benefits. On average, one US dollar investment into restoration of degraded land returns five US dollars. The findings of the country case studies call for increased investments into the rehabilitation and restoration of degraded lands, including through such institutional and policy measures as strengthening community participation for sustainable land management, enhancing government effectiveness and rule of law, improving access to markets and rural services, and securing land tenure. The assessment in this volume has been conducted at a time when there is an elevated interest in private land investments and when global efforts to achieve sustainable development objectives have intensified. In this regard, the results of this volume can contribute significantly to the ongoing policy debate and efforts to design strategies for achieving sustainable development goals and related efforts to address land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
Download or read book Land and Water Degradation in Ethiopia written by Assefa M. Melesse and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land and Water Degradation in Ethiopia written by Assefa M. Melesse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-07-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is life for all human beings and is essential for sustainable economic development. Access to freshwater is a fundamental human right. Ensuring access to safe drinking water and sanitation is vital for economic growth, poverty reduction and enhancement of human well-being. Yet, uncertain global water availability compounded by factors such as climate change and land degradation have made meeting the growing water demand a daunting task for many communities. The world is facing an unprecedented climate crisis, intricately linked with water resources. We have witnessed frequent and intense hydrologic extremes (floods and droughts). In the past decade alone, floods, storms, droughts, and other weather-related events accounted for over 90% of natural disasters. Water, being at the center of national policies of many countries, the impact of climate change on water resources extends across multiple sectors including energy production, food security, health, environmental conservation, and economic development. Research has shown that climate change has impacted the hydrologic cycle, affected the availability and predictability of water, and hence threatened the efforts of poverty reduction and economic development. These impacts are more pronounced in developing countries, exacerbating existing socioeconomic challenges, and hindering progress towards self-sufficiency in food, water, and energy production. The impact of climate change on these countries is further aggravated by land degradation, land use changes, unsustainable agricultural practices, poor watershed management and ecological degradation and loss of biodiversity. This book aims to explore these issues, with chapters dedicated to examining land and water degradation, water quality, irrigation, groundwater management, land use dynamics and the impacts of climate change on freshwater resources in Ethiopia.
Download or read book Caring for the Land written by Aklilu Amsalu Taye and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest Conversion Soil Degradation Farmers Perception Nexus written by Mekuria Argaw Denboba and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2005 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Degradation and Strategies for Sustainable Development in the Ethiopian Highlands written by and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Resources Management in Ethiopia written by Helmut Kloos and published by Cambria Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sub-Saharan Africa, the poorest region worldwide, has only recently begun to fully address the issues of meeting the water needs of its rapidly growing population, to reduce the deepening poverty besetting the region and to accelerate economic growth. The Nile Basin, characterized by sharp spatial and temporal variations in water resources and including countries with different economies, social and political structures and capacities, illustrates the challenges of developing and managing the waters of the Nile River and its tributaries, lakes and wetlands equitably among its 10 riparian countries. Ethiopia, the major source of the Nile but one of the poorest countries in the Nile Basin, has recently begun to implement plans to harness more Nile water through hydroelectric and irrigation development both for national use and for transboundary development as part of the Nile Basin Initiative. The Ethiopian government and communities, by using different management approaches and resources, are trying to boost water, energy and food production, strengthen conservation efforts and mitigate potential repercussions of water resources development. These initiatives and programs have not been comprehensively examined. In this study, the editors address these and other issues surrounding water resources management in all economic and water sectors in Ethiopia within the setting of the Nile Basin, the first comprehensive treatment of this subject. The wide scope of this book is consistent with the tenets of integrated water resources management, which demand that all water uses be managed in an integrated fashion for optimum and sustainable benefits to all water users, both humans and ecosystems. This book reveals the impacts of various resource management approaches and practices in Ethiopia and the Nile Basin. Specifically, it examines how deforestation and prevailing land use practices have exacerbated soil aridity and flood events, why irrigated agriculture and hydropower development have caused floodplain degradation, livelihood hardships and water-related diseases, where industrial and agricultural development is increasingly polluting water resources, how household water supplies can be obtained through rainwater harvesting and the dependence on hydropower reduced through alternative energy sources and how misguided government policies have impeded efforts to deal with these and other challenges. Results reveal dynamic interrelationships between these processes and identify the human and environmental driving forces, which must be understood in effective integrated water resources management. Another unique contribution of this book is the examination of the role of government and communities in managing water resources in Ethiopia. Results show that the top-down approach used by the socialist Derg government in soil and water conservation and social programs exacerbated water problems and reduced community participation. Moreover, the failure of its economic program reduced agricultural production, increasing dependency on relief food and further impeding community initiatives in soil and water conservation activities. Many elements of central planning persist in spite of the decentralization drive by the current government, but there is evidence that integration of the top-down and bottom-up approaches to water resources management is necessary (and feasible) to strengthen and up-scale programs to the national level. The book identifies a number of customary water and soil management practices and institutions that may strengthen especially community-based rainwater harvesting, small-scale irrigation, reforestation, soil and water conservation and flood control efforts. This is an important book for researchers and students of resources management, rural development, hydrology and African studies.
Download or read book Nature and Causes of Land Degradation in the Oromiya Region written by and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Use and Soil Resources written by Ademola K. Braimoh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poor land management has degraded vast amounts of land, reduced our ability to produce enough food, and is a major threat to rural livelihoods in many developing countries. This book provides a thorough analysis of the multifaceted impacts of land use on soils. Abundantly illustrated with full-color images, it brings together renowned academics and policy experts to analyze the patterns, driving factors and proximate causes, and the socioeconomic impacts of soil degradation.
Download or read book Environmental Protection Through Rural Land Laws written by Mitike Worku and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Environmental Policy, University of Gondar, course: law, language: English, abstract: Using qualitative method this study tries to find out whether the ANRS rural land laws' normative and institutional frameworks and their enforcement mechanisms are adequate or not in protecting environmental degradation in rural areas of South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. Legal provisions of the ANRS rural land laws which deal with unlimited land use right, limited land distribution, land right registration and certification, obligations to conserve and protect the land, expropriation for environmental purpose, incentive and the existence of legal remedy will encourage the zone’s rural environmental protection. However this does not mean that such laws are comprehensive rather such laws fails to comprise all possible obligations of land users, lacks clarity and provided in general terms with weak remedies. There is also no cooperation mechanism or forum among stockholders in the areas of rural land administration and environmental protection. Much attention is given to land administration issues than environmental protection. Environmental degradation related to rural land in Ethiopia in general and in ANRS, in particular, is reflected in the form of land degradation, loss, and degradation of water resources, deforestation as well as decline and/or loss of biodiversity. Ethiopia has designed a number of environmental laws. But such laws suffer from various defects which affect their ability to promote environmental protection. So efforts to use laws to protect the rural environment should look beyond just environmental statutes. Therefore seeking a solutions and studying rural land administration laws will be helpful to defy land degradation in rural areas. The rural land and environmental protection institution also lack financial, material and manpower capacities which hold back to carry out its duties. Due to these reasons, the rural land administration and environmental protection institutional setup of the Zone remains inadequate to properly protect the rural environment. In relation to rural land environmental protection, the ANRS rural land laws are practically not enforced in the zone due to the legal gap and unclear less, insufficient and political will to enforce the rural land laws. So the rural land environment of the South Wollo Zone remains in peril so long as there is no effective and enforced rural land law, government commitment, and well-designed, empowered and coordinated institutions.
Download or read book Highlights of soil and water conservation investments in four regions of Ethiopia written by Adimassu, Zenebe and published by International Water Management Institute (IWMI). This book was released on 2018-08-24 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable land management gender and agricultural productivity Evidence from Ethiopia s fragile watershed observatory written by Kato, Edward and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-12-16 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land degradation is a pressing global challenge, with three billion people residing in degraded landscapes. The global cost of land degradation is estimated to be about $300 billion per year, with Africa south of the Sahara accounting for 26 percent of the total global costs due to land-use and land-cover changes. In Ethiopia, it is estimated that more than 85 percent of land is moderately to severely degraded due to changes in land use and cover, costing the country an estimated US$4.3 billion annually. In order to halt further degradation and support essential restoration through sustainable land management (SLM) and related investments, the Water and Land Resource Center (WLRC) and its consortium of development partners established six learning watersheds in Central and North-Western Ethiopia with the ultimate goal of improving water security and crop and livestock productivity.
Download or read book Forest coversion soil degradation farmers perception nexus Implications for sustainable land use in the southwest of Ethiopia written by and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2005-06-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest conversion - soil degradation - farmers’ perception nexus: Implications for sustainable land use in the southwest of Ethiopia. Resettlements in the forest regions instigate considerable impacts on the natural resource base. This study presents a comparative assessment of the biophysical processes of resource degradation and the farmers’ awareness in a cereal-based farming system of the settlers and an indigenous coffee-based farming system. The study analyzes the extent of forest conversion and soil degradation in the two farming systems. Furthermore, the farmers’ response and coping mechanisms are assessed. The need for providing land management technologies to farmers to use their resources sustainably is emphasized and a review of the resettlement policy is underlined.
Download or read book Land Degradation and Strategies for Sustainable Land Management in the Ethiopian Highlands written by Fitsum Hagos and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The sustainable land management program in the Ethiopian highlands An evaluation of its impact on crop production written by Schmidt, Emily and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural productivity in the highlands of Ethiopia is threatened by severe land degradation, resulting in significant reductions in agricultural GDP. In order to mitigate ongoing erosion and soil nutrient loss in the productive agricultural highlands of the country, the government of Ethiopia initiated a Sustainable Land Management Program (SLMP) targeting 209 woredas (districts) in six regions of the country. This study evaluates the impact of SLMP on the value of agricultural production in select woredas by using a panel survey from 2010 to 2014. Whereas previous studies have used cross-sectional data and short timeframe field trials to measure sustainable land management (SLM) effects on agricultural productivity, this analysis exploits data collected over four years to assess impact. The results of this analysis show that participation by farmers in SLMP, regardless of the number of years of participation in the program, is not associated with significant increases in value of production. This may be due to several reasons. First, similar to previous studies, it is possible that longer term maintenance is necessary in order to experience significant benefits. For example, Schmidt and Tadesse (2014) report that farmers must maintain SLM for a minimum of seven years to reap benefits in value of production. Second, this analysis finds that value of production, as well as SLM investments, increased significantly in both treatment and non-treatment areas over the study period. Previous research has found that non-treatment neighbors learn from nearby program areas, and adopt technologies similar to programmed areas, which would dilute the impact measurement of program effects (Bernard et al. 2007; Angelucci and DiMaro 2010). Finally, it is important to note that kebeles that were not selected in the SLMP, but are downstream relative to a targeted kebele may receive indirect benefits through reduced flooding, increased water tables, etc. Thus, the impact of the SLMP may be underestimated in this analysis if non-program kebeles are benefiting indirectly from the program.
Download or read book The Impact of Urbanization on Environment in Africa The Case of Yeka Sub City Addis Ababa written by Fitsum Elias Awoke and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Physical Geography, Geomorphology, Environmental Studies, grade: A, Ethiopian Civil Service University (College of Urban Development and Engineering), course: Research, language: English, abstract: The general objective of this senior essay is to assess the impact that urbanization has brought to the environment in Yeka sub city. The research is descriptive in its very nature. Besides, both quantitative and qualitative research approach is used. Simple random sampling technique particularly lottery method is used to select samples from the total population. Both primary and secondary data sources have been employed, and questionnaire, interview and observation are employed to collect the required data. Furthermore, quantitative (i.e. descriptive statistics specially frequency distribution and percentage) and qualitative (i.e., verbal analysis or narration) data analysis methods have been launched to analyze the collected data. Data are mainly presented in tabular, pictorial and textual form. Continuous population growth in Yeka sub city resulted in the encroachment of forest land mostly through informal way and this resulted in the minimization of forest cover and the alteration of land use from natural forest into human-made residential and other built-up areas on a continuous manner. Besides the formal settlement, made by the legal allotment of land, the informal settlement is very high and even difficult to control. This indicates the high magnitude of urbanization in the sub city. The main causes for the continuous urban population growth or urbanization are influx of people into the city of Addis Ababa, ever-increasing natural birth rate and reduced mortality rate. The impact that urbanization has on the environment encompass deforestation, land slide and soil degradation, excessive waste generation and water and land pollution, and air pollution. Protecting agricultural and forest land as well as public open spaces from human settlement, containing the growth of the sub city within limited square with the help of policy instrument that earmark regulatory environment, restrict the geographic or spatial growth of the city, facilitate the management of urban growth and protect/preserve public open spaces and forest lands, reducing the influx of people through the creation of equal development opportunities for all rural and urban centers and implementing family planning is compulsory, and controlling informal settlement with a very strict regulatory environment is decisively needed.
Download or read book Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses written by Walter H. Wischmeier and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) enables planners to predict the average rate of soil erosion for each feasible alternative combination of crop system and management practices in association with a specified soil type, rainfall pattern, and topography. When these predicted losses are compared with given soil loss tolerances, they provide specific guidelines for effecting erosion control within specified limits. The equation groups the numerous interrelated physical and management parameters that influence erosion rate under six major factors whose site-specific values can be expressed numerically. A half century of erosion research in many States has supplied information from which at least approximate values of the USLE factors can be obtained for specified farm fields or other small erosion prone areas throughout the United States. Tables and charts presented in this handbook make this information readily available for field use. Significant limitations in the available data are identified.
