Download or read book Laminar Soot Processes Lsp written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the final report of a research program considering the structure and the soot surface reaction properties of laminar nonpremixed (diffusion) flames. The study was limited to ground-based measurements of buoyant laminar jet diffusion flames at pressures of 0.1-1.0 atm. The motivation for the research is that soot formation in flames is a major unresolved problem of combustion science that influences the pollutant emissions, durability and performance of power and propulsion systems, as well as the potential for developing computational combustion. The investigation was divided into two phases considering the structure of laminar soot-containing diffusion flames and the soot surface reaction properties (soot surface growth and oxidation) of these flames, in turn. The first phase of the research addressed flame and soot structure properties of buoyant laminar jet diffusion flames at various pressures. The measurements showed that H, OH and O radical concentrations were generally in superequilibrium concentrations at atmospheric pressure but tended toward subequilibrium concentrations as pressures decreased. The measurements indicated that the original fuel decomposed into more robust compounds at elevated temperatures, such as acetylene (unless the original fuel was acetylene) and H, which are the major reactants for soot surface growth, and that the main effect of the parent fuel on soot surface growth involved its yield of acetylene and H for present test conditions. The second phase of the research addressed soot surface reaction properties, e.g., soot surface growth and surface oxidation. It was found that soot surface growth rates in both laminar premixed and diffusion flames were in good agreement, that these rates were relatively independent of fuel type, and that these rates could be correlated by the Hydrogen-Abstraction/Carbon-Addition (HACA) mechanisms of Colket and Hall (1994), Frenklach et al. (1990,1994), and Kazakov et al. (1995). It was also fou

Download or read book Soot Formation in Laminar Jet Diffusion Flames written by Peter Bradford Sunderland and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sixth International Microgravity Combustion Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Contributions to Soot Production in Laminar Axisymmetric Diffusion Flames written by Felipe Andrés Escudero Barros and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was performed with the main objective of characterizing soot production for different oxygen indices (OIs) in normal (NDFs) and inverse (IDFs) diffusion flames. Specific absorption-emission based methods were developed, implemented and validated to measure soot volume fraction and temperature. It was found that for IDFs, an increase on the OI produces an enhancement of soot formation but does not affect oxidation processes, leading to an increase on soot volume fraction and radiant fraction. In addition, a scaling analysis based on the smoke point (SP) resulted on a unified behavior for ethylene, propane and butane fueled NDFs in terms of flame height, soot volume fraction and radiant fraction at SP. In a second step, a numerical study was performed with the main objective of evaluating the predictive capabilities of the sectional method (SM) and three methods of moments (MOMs) for the resolution of the population balance equation (PBE) for soot particle size distribution (PSD). For this purpose, the MOMs were added to an existing parallel code for simulating laminar axisymmetric diffusion flames. The SM was able to reproduce the available experimental data whereas the MOMs were not able to predict details of soot morphology with the same level of accuracy. An analysis on the main differences between the SM and MOMs was performed. The main issue identified for the MOMs was the inability to satisfy the assumption of conservation of number density of primary particles and number of primary particles per aggregate during soot surface processes.

Download or read book Microgravity Combustion written by Howard D. Ross and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-09-03 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to understanding combustion, the burning of a substance that produces heat and often light, in microgravity environments-i.e., environments with very low gravity such as outer space. Readers are presented with a compilation of worldwide findings from fifteen years of research and experimental tests in various low-gravity environments, including drop towers, aircraft, and space.Microgravity Combustion is unique in that no other book reviews low- gravity combustion research in such a comprehensive manner. It provides an excellent introduction for those researching in the fields of combustion, aerospace, and fluid and thermal sciences. * An introduction to the progress made in understanding combustion in a microgravity environment* Experimental, theoretical and computational findings of current combustion research* Tutorial concepts, such as scaling analysis* Worldwide microgravity research findings

Download or read book Columbia written by Philip Chien and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-23 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In ‘Columbia: Final Voyage’ aerospace writer Philip Chien, who has over 20 years’ experience covering the US space program, provides a unique insight into the crew members who lost their lives in the Columbia disaster. Chien interviewed all seven crew members several times and got to know them as individuals. He reviews in detail their training, their scientific work and other activities during their successful 16-day flight, the background of the accident itself and a detailed first-hand account of what happened that fateful day in February 2003. The author provides a comprehensive and personal look at both the Columbia astronauts and the STS-107 mission, together with a behind-the-scenes account of other people involved in the mission and their personal reactions to the accident. Forward by Jonathan B. Clark, widower of Columbia astronaut Laurel Clark Introduction by Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin

Download or read book Fourth International Microgravity Combustion Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical and Physical Processes in Combustion written by Combustion Institute (U.S.). Eastern States Section. Fall Technical Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Spacelab Story written by Ben Evans and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research Technology 1997 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microgravity Science Laboratory MSL 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aerosol Dynamic Processes of Soot Aggregates in a Laminar Ethene Diffusion Flame written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Columbia Accident Investigation Board Report written by United States. Columbia Accident Investigation Board and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Space Shuttle Columbia written by Ben Evans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-23 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On February 1st 2003, one of the worst and most public disasters ever witnessed in the human space programme unfolded with horrifying suddenness in the skies above north central Texas. The Space Shuttle Columbia – the world’s first truly reusable manned spacecraft – was lost during her return to Earth, along with a crew of seven. It was an event that, after the loss of Space Shuttle Challenger during a launch 17 years before, the world had hoped it would never see again. This book details each of Columbia’s 28 missions in turn, as told by scientists and researchers who developed and supported her many payloads, by the engineers who worked on her and by the astronauts who flew her. In doing so, it is intended to provide a fitting tribute to this most remarkable flying machine and those who perished on her last mission.

Download or read book Research Technology 2003 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 1999 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental Study of Soot Formation in Laminar Premixed Flames of Fuels of Interest for Automobile and Aeronautics written by Christopher Betrancourt and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emission of soot formed from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels and biomass is a serious concern due to soot's harmful impact on human health, environment and its radiative forcing on climate. Gaining fundamental understanding of soot formation, particularly the nucleation step leading to the formation of the nascent soot particles, is critical to develop reliable predictive soot models and to help the design of more efficient and cleaner combustion devices. This work demonstrates that nascent soot particles in the size range of 2-4 nm are able to emit a black body radiation by combined Laser Induced Incandescence (LII), scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and helium-ion microscopy (HIM). These nascent soot particles are investigated in nucleation premixed flames in which soot particles are essentially formed by nucleation, without growth by soot surface processes and in standard sooting premixed flames in which growth processes occur. This work provides an extensive database for improvement of kinetics modelling of sooting flames with a focus on the soot nucleation in flames. Two kinds of fuels have been selected: n-butane and mixture of n-butane and n-propylbenzene. For each fuels two flames have been studied: a nucleation and a standard sooting flames. The database consist of species profiles obtained by online gas chromatography, temperature profiles measured by Laser induced fluorescence thermometry, soot volume fraction profiles obtained by LII calibrated by cavity ring-down extinction and particles size distributions obtained in n-butane flames by SMPS and HIM. From this database effect of equivalence ratio and fuel composition is analyzed.