Download or read book Lack of Behavioral Effects of High Peak Power Microwave Pulses from an Axially Extracted Virtual Cathode Oscillator written by Dennis L. Hjeresen and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of high-power microwave (HPM) generators capable of producing extremely high-peak-power pulses for defense, commercial, and biomedical applications (1,2) has raised concern for the safety of the personnel operating such equipment. Occupational safety standards for radiofrequency exposure are based on the average-power density of irradiation and may lack applicability in situations where peak-power density is quite high while average-power density is relatively low. A battery of behavioral experiments was conducted to evaluate possible biological effects of high-power microwave (HPM) pulses generated by the Transformer Energized Megavolt Pulsed Output (TEMPO) microwave emitter, an axially extracted Virtual Cathode Oscillator (VIRCATOR). Free space electromagnetic energy in the frequency range 2.01 to 2.57 GHz (mean frequency = 2.11 + or - 0.09 SD) was radiated by conical horn in a TM01 mode. The overall pulse width was approximately 85 ns, with maximum power densities ranging as high as 24.11 kW/cm sq. per pulse (mean peak-power density = 10.79 kW/cm sq. + or - 0.35 SEM). The results suggest that peak power is not as important as average power in causing deleterious biological effects. (kt).

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Use of Animals in Research by the Department of Defense written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields written by Frank S. Barnes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields examines potential health hazards, exposure standards, and medical applications of electromagnetic (EM) fields. The second volume in the bestselling and newly revisedHandbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, Third Edition, this book draws from the latest studies on the effects of exposure to electric and magnetic fields. In addition to extensive reviews of physiological effects, the book contains now separate reviews of behavioral and cognitive responses to various exposures. The book also describes an approach to setting standards for exposure limits and explores a few of the beneficial uses of EM fields in medical applications, both diagnostics and in treatment. Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields provides a practical overview of the experiments and methods used to observe ELF and RF fields and the possible useful and hazardous implications of these observations.

Download or read book Behavioral Effects of Exposure to the Tempo High Power Microwave System written by B. J. Klauenberg and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety standard for exposure to radiofrequency radiation must be based upon biologic consequences of exposure to such environments. Behavioral based measures are considered to be the most sensitive indices of biological effects. Current safety guidelines are based upon average power density and may not be relevant to the high peak power, short pulse width microwave radiation produced by newly developed high peak power microwave sources. The effects of exposure to high peak power radiation on reflexive responding and motor function in Fischer 344/N rats were assessed by measuring startle and general activity, and disruption of on-going performance of a rotarod task respectively. The emitter used was the TEMPO repeat pulse axially extracted vircator. Exposure to single pulses resulted in significant startle responses. Exposure to 1 pps for 10 s produced significant alterations in baseline activity and marked disruption of performance of the rotarod task. The apparently greater effect observed in the rotarod task is discussed in relation to the greater workload that task requires. Experiments are currently being conducted to identify the limits of detection and the quality of the sensory/perceptual experience of exposure to the TEMPO radiation.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Peak Power Microwave Pulses at 1 3 GHz Effects on Fixed Interval and Reaction Time Performance in Rats written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current safety standards for radiofrequency and microwave exposure do not limit the peak power of microwave pulses for general or occupational exposures. To determine whether high peak power microwave pulses can alter known thresholds of behavioral disruption, four Long-Evans male rats were exposed to peak powers of 496.7, 336.7, and 146.7 kW in a waveguide exposure system while performing a time-related behavioral task. The task consisted of two components: a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement on one response lever and reaction time on a second lever. Responding on each lever was dependent on visual signals displayed through the translucent plastic levers. Trained rats performed the behavioral task during exposure to 1.3-GHz microwave pulses at a pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz. Significant changes occurred in behavioral performance. Session time increased, response rates decreased, and reaction times significantly increased at whole-body SARs of 6.3 and 10.5 W/kg. The alteration of behavior in this study occurred at a whole body SAR between 3. 5 and 6.3 W/kg, which is consistent with previous estimates of 4 W/kg as the threshold for behavioral alteration. The high peak power pulses used in this study did not alter this threshold, suggesting that the primary effect must be tissue heating. (aw).

Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High power Microwave Sources written by Victor L. Granatstein and published by Artech House Microwave Library. This book was released on 1987 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microwave Engineering written by David M. Pozar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pozar's new edition of Microwave Engineering includes more material on active circuits, noise, nonlinear effects, and wireless systems. Chapters on noise and nonlinear distortion, and active devices have been added along with the coverage of noise and more material on intermodulation distortion and related nonlinear effects. On active devices, there's more updated material on bipolar junction and field effect transistors. New and updated material on wireless communications systems, including link budget, link margin, digital modulation methods, and bit error rates is also part of the new edition. Other new material includes a section on transients on transmission lines, the theory of power waves, a discussion of higher order modes and frequency effects for microstrip line, and a discussion of how to determine unloaded.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion written by Dan M. Goebel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout most of the twentieth century, electric propulsion was considered the technology of the future. Now, the future has arrived. This important new book explains the fundamentals of electric propulsion for spacecraft and describes in detail the physics and characteristics of the two major electric thrusters in use today, ion and Hall thrusters. The authors provide an introduction to plasma physics in order to allow readers to understand the models and derivations used in determining electric thruster performance. They then go on to present detailed explanations of: Thruster principles Ion thruster plasma generators and accelerator grids Hollow cathodes Hall thrusters Ion and Hall thruster plumes Flight ion and Hall thrusters Based largely on research and development performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and complemented with scores of tables, figures, homework problems, and references, Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters is an indispensable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are preparing to enter the aerospace industry. It also serves as an equally valuable resource for professional engineers already at work in the field.

Download or read book High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies written by Robert J. Barker and published by Wiley-IEEE Press. This book was released on 2001-06-18 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrical Engineering High-Power Microwave Sources and Technologies A volume in the IEEE Press Series on RF and Microwave Technology Roger D. Pollard and Richard Booton, Series Editors Written by a prolific group of leading researchers, High-Power Microwave Sources and Technologies focuses primarily on the high-power microwave (HPM) technology most appropriate for military applications. It highlights the advances achieved from 1995 to 2000 as the result of a US Department of Defense (DoD) funded, $15 million Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) program. The grant created a synergy between researchers in the DoD laboratories and the academic community, and established links with the microwave vacuum electronics industry, which has led to unprecedented collaborations that transcend laboratory and disciplinary boundaries. This essential reference provides the history, state-of-the-art, and possible future of HPM source research and technologies. The first alternative to the multiplicity of detailed applications-based HPM books and journal articles, this book familiarizes the reader with recent advances in this rapidly changing field. It presents a compendium of valuable information on HPM sources, representing significant enabling technologies, including beam and rf control, cathodes, windows, and computational techniques. The era of utilizing computational techniques to electronically design an HPM source prior to actually building the hardware has arrived. Gain insight into proven techniques and solutions that will enhance your source design. High-Power Microwave Sources and Technologies is an invaluable resource to researchers active in the field, faculty, graduate and post-graduate students. Special Note: All royalties realized from the sale of this book will fund the future research and publications activities of graduate students in the HPM field.

Download or read book Atomic Spectroscopy and Radiative Processes written by Egidio Landi Degl'Innocenti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-24 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the basic physical principles of atomic spectroscopy and the absorption and emission of radiation in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. It summarizes the basics of electromagnetism and thermodynamics and then describes in detail the theory of atomic spectra for complex atoms, with emphasis on astrophysical applications. Both equilibrium and non-equilibrium phenomena in plasmas are considered. The interaction between radiation and matter is described, together with various types of radiation (e.g., cyclotron, synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, Compton). The basic theory of polarization is explained, as is the theory of radiative transfer for astrophysical applications. Atomic Spectroscopy and Radiative Processes bridges the gap between basic books on atomic spectroscopy and the very specialized publications for the advanced researcher: it will provide under- and postgraduates with a clear in-depth description of theoretical aspects, supported by practical examples of applications.

Download or read book Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting written by Alper Erturk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of vibrations into electric energy through the use of piezoelectric devices is an exciting and rapidly developing area of research with a widening range of applications constantly materialising. With Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting, world-leading researchers provide a timely and comprehensive coverage of the electromechanical modelling and applications of piezoelectric energy harvesters. They present principal modelling approaches, synthesizing fundamental material related to mechanical, aerospace, civil, electrical and materials engineering disciplines for vibration-based energy harvesting using piezoelectric transduction. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting provides the first comprehensive treatment of distributed-parameter electromechanical modelling for piezoelectric energy harvesting with extensive case studies including experimental validations, and is the first book to address modelling of various forms of excitation in piezoelectric energy harvesting, ranging from airflow excitation to moving loads, thus ensuring its relevance to engineers in fields as disparate as aerospace engineering and civil engineering. Coverage includes: Analytical and approximate analytical distributed-parameter electromechanical models with illustrative theoretical case studies as well as extensive experimental validations Several problems of piezoelectric energy harvesting ranging from simple harmonic excitation to random vibrations Details of introducing and modelling piezoelectric coupling for various problems Modelling and exploiting nonlinear dynamics for performance enhancement, supported with experimental verifications Applications ranging from moving load excitation of slender bridges to airflow excitation of aeroelastic sections A review of standard nonlinear energy harvesting circuits with modelling aspects.

Download or read book Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources written by Richard G. Carter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-12 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get up-to-speed on the theory, principles and design of vacuum electron devices.