Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Ammonium Sulfate sulfuric Acid Aerosols Using Temperature and Humidity Controlled Nephelometry written by Mark John Rood and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Investigation Into the Tropospheric Chemistry of Acidic Aerosols and Ammonia in the Laboratory written by Thomas Michael Townsend and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes a broad range of experiments based on an aerosol flow- tube system to probe the interactions between atmospherically relevant aerosols with trace gases. This apparatus was used to obtain simultaneous optical and size distribution measurements using FTIR and SMPS measurements respectively as a function of relative humidity and aerosol chemical composition. Heterogeneous reactions between various ratios of ammonia gas and acidic aerosols were studied in aerosol form as opposed to bulk solutions. The apparatus is unique, in that it employed two aerosol generation methods to follow the size evolution of the aerosol while allowing detailed spectroscopic investigation of its chemical content. A novel chemiluminescence apparatus was also used to measure [NH4+]. SO2.H2O is an important species as it represents the first intermediate in the overall atmospheric oxidation process of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid. This complex was produced within gaseous, aqueous and aerosol SO2 systems. The addition of ammonia, gave mainly hydrogen sulfite tautomers and disulfite ions. These species were prevalent at high humidities enhancing the aqueous nature of sulfur (IV) species. Their weak acidity is evident due to the low [NA4+] produced. An increasing recognition that dicarboxylic acids may contribute significantly to the total acid burden in polluted urban environments is evident in the literature. It was observed that speciation within the oxalic, malonic and succinic systems shifted towards the most ionized form as the relative humidity was increased due to complete protonisation. The addition of ammonia produced ammonium dicarboxylate ions. Less reaction for ammonia with the malonic and succinic species were observed in comparison to the oxalic acid system. This observation coincides with the decrease in acidity of these organic species. The interaction between dicarboxylic acids and {u2018}sulfurous{u2019}/sulfuric acid has not been previously investigated. Therefore the results presented here are original to the field of tropospheric chemistry. SHO3-; S2O52-; HSO4-; SO22- and H1,3,5,C2,3,4O4-; C2,3,4O42- were the main components found in the complex inorganic-organic systems investigated here. The introduction of ammonia produced ammonium dicarboxylate as well as ammonium disulfite/sulfate ion and increasing the acid concentrations increased the total amount of [NH4+].
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States and Canada written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer. This book was released on 1984-02-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series lists applicable thesis titles published in the United States and Canada. Volume 40 covers thesis year 1995. All back volumes are still available.
Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Sulfate Aerosols at Stratospheric Temperatures written by Sharon Elizabeth Anthony and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Aerosol Acidity on the Morphology and Ice Nucleation of Aerosol Particles written by Delanie Losey and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol particle morphology can influence the water uptake, heterogeneous chemistry, and optical properties of the particle. This morphology is known to be dependent on the composition of the particle as well as relative humidity. Recent studies have pointed out the importance of pH in aerosol particles. The pH of systems being investigated during phase transition studies have not investigated the role of pH, which could lead to the deprotonation of the organic component and would affect phase transitions. To investigate the influence of high pH and therefore deprotonation on the phase transitions of 3-methylglutaric acid:ammonium sulfate, sodium hydroxide was used to make solutions with pHs below the pKa1, between the pKa1 and pKa2, and above pKa2 of 3-methylglutaric acid. Using optical microscopy and an environmental chamber, the separation relative humidity (SRH), mixing relative humidity (MRH), efflorescence relative humidity (ERH) and deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) were recorded for each system. As the pH of the system was increased, the SRH decreased. This was attributed to the increased solubility of the organic component in water when it was deprotonated. The ERH also changed to higher values with added sodium hydroxide. The MRH and DRH values, however, remained constant over all pH. A previously unobserved hysteresis was found between SRH and MRH and the atmospheric implications are discussed. The influence of low pH was also explored in a similar manner, but through addition of concentrated sulfuric acid. Stoichiometric amounts of sulfuric acid was added to six different organic:ammonium sulfate systems to change the salt identity to letovicite, (NH4)3H(SO4)2, and ammonium bisulfate, NH4HSO4. An experiment at low pH was also conducted for each system. In every case, the addition of sulfuric acid led to an overall decrease in SRH, as expected with changing salt identity. Furthermore, at the lowest pH studied the SRH of four of the six systems were so low that phase separation would not occur in atmospherically relevant conditions. Also, phase separation could occur with no inorganic salt present at all. The ERH and DRH for each system also were affected. These results could affect mass transfer and water uptake for systems at low pH, and can be further explored by investigating the role of pH in particle viscosity and submicron aerosol morphology. Fly ash can undergo aging in the atmosphere through interactions with sulfuric acid and water. These reactions can lead to physical and chemical changes caused by reaction products or chemical leaching. These changes could influence the amount of soluble material on the particle as well as the ability of the particle to nucleate ice. Both of these affect the fly ash particles ability to serve as a cloud nucleus. The extent of these changes is expected to be linked to the chemical composition of the fly ash so three fly ash types were investigated. The effect of water- and acid-treatment were assessed using X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, and immersion freezing. The results show the presence of soluble material on fly ash and indicate that sulfuric-acid treatment has major physical and chemical effects on fly ash. These effects are dependent on composition of the fly ash. Acid-treatment results in gypsum being created and a variety of metals to be leached, and these changes did affect the immersion ice nucleation activity of the samples. Further studies of these effects on deposition mode freezing are expected for the future.
Download or read book Excerpta Medica written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979-05 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sulfur Oxides and Suspended Particulate Matter written by World Health Organization. Division of Environmental Health and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Acid Rain Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acid Rain Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aerosol Measurement written by Pramod Kulkarni and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-12 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications Third Edition is the most detailed treatment available of the latest aerosol measurement methods. Drawing on the know-how of numerous expert contributors; it provides a solid grasp of measurement fundamentals and practices a wide variety of aerosol applications. This new edition is updated to address new and developing applications of aerosol measurement, including applications in environmental health, atmospheric science, climate change, air pollution, public health, nanotechnology, particle and powder technology, pharmaceutical research and development, clean room technology (integrated circuit manufacture), and nuclear waste management.
Download or read book Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indexes material from conference proceedings and hard-to-find documents, in addition to journal articles. Over 1,000 journals are indexed and literature published from 1981 to the present is covered. Topics in pollution and its management are extensively covered from the standpoints of atmosphere, emissions, mathematical models, effects on people and animals, and environmental action. Major areas of coverage include: air pollution, marine pollution, freshwater pollution, sewage and wastewater treatment, waste management, land pollution, toxicology and health, noise, and radiation.
Download or read book Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity written by L. Molina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, experts in atmospheric sciences, human health, economics, social and political sciences contribute to an integrated assessment of the complex elements needed to structure air quality policy in the 21st century. The analysis is developed through a case study of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area - one of the world's largest megacities in which air pollution grew unchecked for decades. The international research team is led by Luisa T. and Mario J. Molina, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. Improvements in Mexico City's air quality in the last decade testifies to the power of determined and enlightened policy making, and throws into relief the tough problems that remain to be solved. The volume's first six chapters, including the contributions of over 50 distinguished scholars from Mexico and the US, outline the fundamental areas of knowledge policy makers must accommodate. The message is that only good science and well-chosen technologies can direct the way to corrective regulatory measures; but without strong commitment from government, no amount of science or technology can help.
Download or read book Aerosol Science written by Ian Colbeck and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-03 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AEROSOL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Aerosols influence many areas of our daily life. They are at the core of environmental problems such as global warming, photochemical smog and poor air quality. They can also have diverse effects on human health, where exposure occurs in both outdoor and indoor environments. However, aerosols can have beneficial effects too; the delivery of drugs to the lungs, the delivery of fuels for combustion and the production of nanomaterials all rely on aerosols. Advances in particle measurement technologies have made it possible to take advantage of rapid changes in both particle size and concentration. Likewise, aerosols can now be produced in a controlled fashion. Reviewing many technological applications together with the current scientific status of aerosol modelling and measurements, this book includes: Satellite aerosol remote sensing The effects of aerosols on climate change Air pollution and health Pharmaceutical aerosols and pulmonary drug delivery Bioaerosols and hospital infections Particle emissions from vehicles The safety of emerging nanomaterials Radioactive aerosols: tracers of atmospheric processes With the importance of this topic brought to the public's attention after the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull, this book provides a timely, concise and accessible overview of the many facets of aerosol science.
Download or read book Aerosol Science and Technology written by David S. Ensor and published by RTI Press. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol Science and Technology: History and Reviews captures an exciting slice of history in the evolution of aerosol science. It presents in-depth biographies of four leading international aerosol researchers and highlights pivotal research institutions in New York, Minnesota, and Austria. One collection of chapters reflects on the legacy of the Pasadena smog experiment, while another presents a fascinating overview of military applications and nuclear aerosols. Finally, prominent researchers offer detailed reviews of aerosol measurement, processes, experiments, and technology that changed the face of aerosol science. This volume is the third in a series and is supported by the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) History Working Group, whose goal is to produce archival books from its symposiums on the history of aerosol science to ensure a lasting record. It is based on papers presented at the Third Aerosol History Symposium on September 8 and 9, 2006, in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
