Download or read book Laboratory Development of Methods for Centralized Treatment of Liquid Low level Waste at Oak Ridge National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Waste Cleanup Technologies and Opportunities written by Robert Noyes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the largest, most complicated and expensive environmental problems in the United States is the cleanup of nuclear wastes. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has approximately 4,000 contaminated sites covering tens of thousands of acres and replete with contaminated hazardous or radioactive waste, soil, or structures. In addition to high-level waste, it has more than 250,000 cubic meters of transuranic waste and millions of cubic meters of low-level radio-active waste. In addition, DOE is responsible for thousands of facilities awaiting decontamination, decommissioning, and dismantling. DOE and its predecessors have been involved in the management of radioactive wastes since 1943, when such wastes were first generated in significant quantities as by-products of nuclear weapons production. Waste connected with DOE's nuclear weapons complex has been accumulating as a result of various operations spanning over five decades. The cost estimates for nuclear waste cleanup in the United States have been rapidly rising. It has recently been estimated to be in a range from $200 to $350 billion. Costs could vary considerably based on future philosophies as to whether to isolate certain sites (the ""iron fence"" philosophy), or clean them up to a pristine condition (the ""greenfields"" philosophy). Funding will also be based on Congressional action that may reduce environmental cleanup, based on budget considerations.

Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recycling and Resource Recovery at Oak Ridge National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses recycling and resource recovery strategies being developed to maintain continued operations at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Several industrial decontamination techniques for minimization, segregation, and recycling of wastes volumes are presented. A wide variety of liquid wastewater streams are generated from the operations of these research facilities. The major chemical constituents -- bicarbonates of calcium, magnesium, and sodium -- are introduced by local river water and shallow drainage wells. Liquid low-level waste (LLLW), generated in support of DOE's nuclear energy technology programs over the past 40 years, are highly contaminated with fission products and transuranic (TRU) elements. These wastes are routinely collected in centralized collection tanks, concentrated by evaporation, and stored for future processing and disposal. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 mandated a nationwide system for the safe management of wastes that have been determined hazardous from their creation of their ultimate disposal (i.e., cradle-to-grave control). The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HWSA) prohibited the continued placement of RCRA regulated hazardous wastes in or on the land without following Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) treatment standards. The EPA promulgated RCRA-LDR (land-disposal-restricted) regulations, minimizing short- and long-term threats arising from land disposal, will not allow facilities to store mixed LLLW after 1994 (56 FR 42730, August 29, 1991). Tank storage volume capacities are approaching maximum limits while treatment facilities to process and dispose these type wastes have been delayed indefinitely. As a result, these regulations and additional challenges have increased emphasis on recycling and resource recovery. 4 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Low radioactivity level Waste Treatment Part I written by Rowland R. Holcomb and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Review written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Selective Removal of 9 Sr and 137Cs from Liquid Low level Waste at Oak Ridge National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods are being developed for the selective removal of the two principal radioactive contaminants, 9°Sr and 137Cs, from liquid low-level waste generated and/or stored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. These methods are to be used in a future centralized treatment facility at ORNL. Removal of 9°Sr in the proposed treatment flashed is based on coprecipitation from strongly alkaline waste by adding stable strontium to the waste solution. Ferric sulfate, added with the stable strontium, improves the 9°Sr removal and aids in the flocculation of the strontium carbonate (SrCO3) precipitate. After separation of the solids, the resultant supernate is adjusted to pH 8 for the cesium removal treatment. Upon pH adjustment, aluminum originally present in the untreated alkaline waste precipitates and sorbs an additional amount of 9°Sr. Cesium is removed from the neutralized waste by two sequential treatments with potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate (KCCF) slurry formed by the addition of potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6) and cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2) solutions. The cumulative decontamination factors (DFs) for 9°Sr and 137Cs in benchscale studies are 4900 and 1 x 106, respectively, if high speed centrifugation is used for the liquid/solid separations. Efforts are now underway to evaluate process-scale techniques to perform the liquid/solid separations required for removal of SrCO3 and 137Cs-bearing hexacyanoferrate solids from the treated waste solution.

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-12 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Radioactive Waste Processing and Disposal written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Title List of Documents Made Publicly Available written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Treatment Requirements for Decontamination of ORNL Low level Liquid Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental studies have been made to provide data for the development of improved processes for decontaminating low-level liquid wastes (LLLWs) that exist and continue to be generated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The concept underlying this work is that there is a net benefit if the major radionuclides (137Cs, 134Cs, 9°Sr, and actinides) can be separated into small volumes, thereby reducing the activity of the bulk of the waste so that it can be disposed of or managed at a lower total cost. Data-base calculations on the LLLW supernate and sludges contained in the active Melton Valley Storage Tanks and evaporator storage and service tanks are essential in order to define and determine the extent of the problem. These calculations indicate to what extent alpha- and beta-gamma-emitting radionuclides must be removed and/or treated before final disposition of the waste can be made. They also show that many of the inorganic constitutents (e.g., regulated metals and nitrate) and minor radionuclides such as 14C and actinides (in terms of quantity present) must be removed before the LLLW can be disposed of as either liquid to the environment or solidified and disposed of as solid NUS Class L-1 or L-2 LLW. 25 refs., 31 tabs.

Download or read book Conversion of Simulated High level Radioactive Waste Solutions to Glassy Solids in a Pot by a Rising Liquid Level Method written by H. W. Godbee and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Congressional Budget Request written by United States. Department of Energy and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: