Download or read book Labor Markets and Firm Benefit Policies in Japan and the United States written by Seiritsu Ogura and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, the fourth to result from a remarkably productive collaboration between the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Japan Center for Economic Research, presents a selection of thirteen high-caliber papers addressing issues in the employment practices, labor markets, and health, benefit, and pension policies of the United States and Japan. After an opening chapter assessing the recent ascendance of the U.S. economy, papers diverge to tackle a range of specific issues. Focusing less on international comparison than on the assembly of high-quality research, contributors hone in on a variety of individual topics. Chapters delve into issues of youth employment, participatory employment, information sharing, fringe benefits, and drug coverage in Japan, as well as the dynamics of medical savings accounts, private insurance coverage, and benefit options in the U.S. Like previous volumes stemming from NBER/JCER collaboration, this book represents a valuable mass of empirical data on some of the most notable employment and benefits issues in each nation, information that will both anchor and provoke scholarly analysis of these topics well into the future.
Download or read book Employment Security and Labor Market Flexibility written by Kazuyoshi Kōshiro and published by Wayne State University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the oil crisis of the 1970s, increased labor market flexibility seems to have become an indispensable ingredient of economic success. This book examines the critical issues that affect labor market flexibility and job security in the main industrialized economies of the United States, Japan, West Germany, the United Kingdom, and Europe, in an attempt to more fully understand the complex forces at work within such labor markets. Employment Security and Labor Market Flexibility originated from The International Symposium on Labor Market Flexibility in Yokohama, Japan, in 1986, in which scholars in economics, industrial relations, and labor law scholars scrutinized the similarities and differences of the labor markets in these countries. They focused on three main topics: wage flexibility in response to changing economic conditions, the legal and institutional framework for employment security, and international comparison of employment adjustment. Comparison of wage flexibility as well as numerical and functional flexibility among these countries were examined by both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The labor market cannot be treated in the same way as other markets because it deals directly with human beings who are less likely to obey the immutable laws of the market mechanism. Nevertheless, Kazutoshi Koshiro asserts that it is still important to build a framework on which to understand and assess the role of labor flexibility in the competitive process, and it is with this framework in mind that these chapters have been assembled into one volume. Individual chapters compare the relative flexibility of compensation and employment over the business cycle in the United States with that of Japan; analyze the relative flexibility of Japanese wages; unravel some of the underlying forces that comprise the employment security situation in the United States; study the important relationship between economic conditions and the labor market and explain the difference between the employment protection legislation of the United States on the one hand, and Europe and Japan, on the other; and compare the nature of labor markets and employment adjustment techniques of the United States, Europe, and Japan.
Download or read book Structural Change and Labor Market Adjustment written by Robert W. Bednarzik and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inequality in the Workplace written by Jiyeoun Song and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past several decades have seen widespread reform of labor markets across advanced industrial countries, but most of the existing research on job security, wage bargaining, and social protection is based on the experience of the United States and Western Europe. In Inequality in the Workplace, Jiyeoun Song focuses on South Korea and Japan, which have advanced labor market reform and confronted the rapid rise of a split in labor markets between protected regular workers and underprotected and underpaid nonregular workers. The two countries have implemented very different strategies in response to the pressure to increase labor market flexibility during economic downturns. Japanese policy makers, Song finds, have relaxed the rules and regulations governing employment and working conditions for part-time, temporary, and fixed-term contract employees while retaining extensive protections for full-time permanent workers. In Korea, by contrast, politicians have weakened employment protections for all categories of workers. In her comprehensive survey of the politics of labor market reform in East Asia, Song argues that institutional features of the labor market shape the national trajectory of reform. More specifically, she shows how the institutional characteristics of the employment protection system and industrial relations, including the size and strength of labor unions, determine the choice between liberalization for the nonregular workforce and liberalization for all as well as the degree of labor market inequality in the process of reform.
Download or read book Nonstandard Work in Developed Economies written by Susan N. Houseman and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2003 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprises a collection of papers which use an interdisciplinary and cross-country comparative framework to understand why nonstandard work has grown in so many countries and its implications for workers.
Download or read book Comparative Studies of American and Japanese Labor Markets written by William Paul Sterling and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japan s New Inequality written by Yoshimichi Satō and published by Apollo Books. This book was released on 2011 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the collapse of Japan's bubble-economy in the late 1980s, a wide range of neo-liberal reforms were introduced which dramatically affected the nature of the labor market. These reforms expanded and consolidated a two-tier market, widening the gap between those who benefit from the 'company citizenship' of 'regular' (long-term, secure) employment conditions and those who are increasingly disadvantaged by reduced income and security in the peripheral Ã?Â?Ã?Â?non-regular system of casual and short-term employment. The contributions in this volume use the 2005 Social Stratification and Mobility (SSM) survey data to analyze the effects of Japanese labor market reforms on social mobility, social welfare, company 'citizenship, ' incomes, as well as the policy implications for homelessness. (Series: Social Stratification and Inequality) *** "The volume makes a timely contribution in the context of extensive public debate in the media and recent academic works about the widening gap between rich and poor, and about the consequences of that gap for individuals and the society as a whole. The book is a valuable addition to the field and complements recent publications on social inequality . . . [and] is significant in two major ways. The first is that, going beyond quantitative changes in social inequality, it illuminates, and convincingly argues for, qualitative changes in social inequality. This is insightful. It advances our understanding of patterns of inequality, since we have long seen debates on increasing inequality in income and life chances and in terms of the 'working poor' and 'new poverty.' The second significance is the authors' insistence that institutions rather than individual attributes guide social inequality . . . Institutions set boundaries to, and guide, family and individual decision and actions, which have resulted in the qualitative changes in social inequality in the last three decades." - Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 40, No. 1, 2014Ã?Â?Ã?Â?
Download or read book Employment Policies of the United States and Japan written by United States. Department of Labor and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report of the joint united states-japan employment study on various employment policies in the USA and Japan - covers the effect of technological change on the occupational structure and the industrial structure, labour demand and labour supply, underemployment, unemployment, labour administration, employment opportunities (incl. For older workers, disabled workers, the woman worker, etc.), vocational training needs, apprenticeship, etc. Statistical tables.
Download or read book Pacific Ties written by Sanford M. Jacoby and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Changing Japanese Labor Market written by Akiomi Kitagawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reappraises the Japanese employment system, characterized by such practices as the periodic recruiting of new graduates, lifetime employment and seniority-based wages, which were praised as sources of high productivity and flexibility for Japanese firms during the period of high economic growth from the middle of the 1950s until the burst of bubbles in the early 1990s. The prolonged stagnation after the bubble burst induced an increasing number of people to criticize the Japanese employment system as a barrier to the structural changes needed to allow the economy to adjust to the new environment, with detractors suggesting that such a system only serves to protect the vested interests of incumbent workers and firms. By investigating what caused the long stagnation of the Japanese economy, this book examines the validity of this currently dominant view about the Japanese employment system. The rigorous theoretical and empirical analyses presented in this book provide readers with deep insights into the nature of the current Japanese labor market and its macroeconomic impacts.
Download or read book United States Japan Comparative Study of Employment Adjustment written by James A. Orr and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Comparative Study of Labor Markets in the United States and Japan written by Yukiko Abe and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Labor Economies of Japan and the United States written by Robert Evans and published by New York : Praeger. This book was released on 1971 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparison of the labour relations systems of Japan and the USA - covers trade union development and growth, the strike, public employment policy, the employment relationship and the labour contract, labour force (incl. Rural workers and the woman worker force), labour mobility, unemployment, aggregate wages patterns, productivity, collective bargaining, labour supply, profits, etc. Bibliography pp. 263 to 276, references and statistical tables.
Download or read book Lifetime Employment written by Ronald J. Gilson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Japan, large firms' relationships with their employees differ from those prevailing in large American firms. Large Japanese firms guarantee many employees lifetime employment, and the firms' boards consist of insider employees. Neither relationship is common in the United States. Japanese lifetime employment is said to encourage firms and employees to invest in human capital. We examine the reported benefits of the firm's promise of lifetime employment, but conclude that it is no more than peripheral to human capital investments. Rather, the 'dark' side of Japanese labor practice--constricting the external labor market--likely yielded the human capital benefits, not the 'bright' side of secure employment. What then explains the firm's promises of lifetime employment in Japan, a practice that developed following World War II, when labor was in surplus, and hence economically weak? We hypothesize two political explanations, one 'macro' and one 'micro.' The 'macro' hypothesis is that a coalition of conservative and managerial interests sought lifetime employment to reduce the chances of socialist electoral victories. The 'micro' hypothesis is that managers tried to defeat hostile unions and win back factories from worker occupation, firm-by-firm, by offering lifetime employment to a core of workers. Neither the 'macro' nor the 'micro' goals were intended to improve human capital training, but rather to reduce worker influence, either in elections or in the factory. We assess the evidence for these hypotheses. We look at Japanese labor practices and related corporate governance institutions as 'path dependent': A political decision 'fixes' one institution and then the system evolves in light of that fixed institution by developing efficient complementary institutions.
Download or read book Work and Pay in the United States and Japan written by Clair Brown and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1997 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work analyzes elements such as employee training and involvement programs, wage behavior as an incentive system and an alternate channel of savings, and synchronous wage determination (Shunto) at work in the Japanese economy that provide for such successes.
Download or read book The Evolution of Employment Systems in the United States and Japan 1900 1960 written by Chiaki Moriguchi and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Employment Hours and Wage Adjustments in Japan and the United States written by Yoshio Okunishi and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
