Download or read book Labor Market Dynamics and Individual Learning Ability written by Jongsuk Han and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "My research focuses on how labor market dynamics are different across ability. In this dissertation, I explore the impact of individual ability on the cyclicality of employment rates over the business cycle and non-employment duration. Then I provide a human capital model with learning-by-doing and heterogeneous learning ability to explain the differences in observed labor market dynamics across ability. In chapter one, I discuss the Armed Forces Qualification Test as a measure of ability. Then, I provide some empirical evidence which shows that high ability workers are more attached to the labor market than low ability workers. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 shows that high ability workers have higher employment rates, less pro-cyclical employment rates, and shorter non-employment duration than low ability workers. At the same time, workers with high ability have higher wage levels and wage growth rates than low ability workers. I suggest that a human capital model with learning-by-doing and heterogeneous learning ability can explain high labor supply from high ability workers, because current labor supply increases future human capital which delivers higher labor income in the future. In the second chapter, I empirically document that employment rates of high ability workers are less volatile than those of low ability workers over the business cycle. Less pro-cyclical employment rates for high ability workers remains even after controlling for education and average life-time wage. Moreover, the impact of ability on employment cyclicality decreases over the life cycle. In order to explain my empirical findings, I provide a life-cycle model with human capital accumulation through learning-by-doing. Heterogenous learning ability is introduced into the model to generate different wage profiles across ability. In this model, high ability workers can accumulate more human capital than low ability workers during any given period of employment. Therefore, high ability workers have more incentive to provide their labor than low ability workers because they can have higher return in the next period by accumulating more human capital. In the recession, all workers reduce their labor supply because the aggregate productivity falls. However, high ability workers decreases labor supply much less than low ability workers because working in the current period increases their future human capital. I calibrate the model to match employment and wage profiles over experience. Then, an aggregate productivity shock is introduced into the model to perform the business cycle analysis. The simulated data mimics the observed pattern in the data. In the last chapter, I explore the duration difference across ability groups instead of the incidence of employment. I find that high ability workers experience shorter non-employment duration than low ability worker even after conditioning on education and average life-time wage. I test whether the main reason of short non-employment duration for high ability workers is induced by low propensity to change their previous occupation, industry, or employer. Although workers who do not change occupation, industry, or employer have much shorter non-employment duration than workers who find new jobs in different sectors, the ability effect on non-employment duration is not generated by this sorting mechanism. Lastly, I build a human capital model with learning-by-doing and heterogeneous learning ability. Since high ability workers accumulate more human capital than low ability workers during the same employment period, high ability workers have a lower reservation wage conditional on current human capital stock. Hence, high ability workers are more likely to accept the wage offer than low ability workers after separation. I calibrate the model to match employment and wage profiles and average non-employment duration simultaneously. The calibrated model can qualitatively reproduce short non-employment duration for high ability workers"--Pages v-vii.

Download or read book The Economics of Labor Markets written by and published by Cybellium . This book was released on with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Welcome to the forefront of knowledge with Cybellium, your trusted partner in mastering the cutting-edge fields of IT, Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Security, Business, Economics and Science. Designed for professionals, students, and enthusiasts alike, our comprehensive books empower you to stay ahead in a rapidly evolving digital world. * Expert Insights: Our books provide deep, actionable insights that bridge the gap between theory and practical application. * Up-to-Date Content: Stay current with the latest advancements, trends, and best practices in IT, Al, Cybersecurity, Business, Economics and Science. Each guide is regularly updated to reflect the newest developments and challenges. * Comprehensive Coverage: Whether you're a beginner or an advanced learner, Cybellium books cover a wide range of topics, from foundational principles to specialized knowledge, tailored to your level of expertise. Become part of a global network of learners and professionals who trust Cybellium to guide their educational journey. www.cybellium.com

Download or read book Dynamic Skill Development and Labor Market Outcomes written by John Brauer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first chapter investigates the presence of statistical discrimination in the labor market. The Children of the NLSY79 data are used to link early-age home environment measures to educational attainment measures and labor market outcomes. While both black and white children with higher measured home inputs sort into higher levels of educational attainment, this positive sorting pattern is significantly stronger for black children. Estimates also reveal that, after controlling for a variety of skill measures, the residual black-white wage gap is large for high school dropouts and narrows rapidly with additional educational attainment. For college-goers, measured skills can account for the entire black-white wage gap. These patterns are consistent with a scenario in which employers use both race and education credentials to form expectations about elements of worker productivity formed through early-age inputs. Under plausible and partially testable identifying assumptions, the results imply that a portion of the black-white wage gap for low-education workers reflects statistical discrimination in the labor market. Skill development in college and on the job can depend not only on the quality of investments but also on the order in which these investments are made. The second chapter explores which types of occupational investments complement college best when performed before college entry and which types are more productive after college completion. A learning-by-doing model with both college entry timing and early-career occupation choices produces several key insights. Data from the NLSY79 are linked with abstract and routine occupational task content data, and relationships between college entry timing, early-career occupation choices, and future earnings trajectories are documented. Estimates suggest that abstract-intensive occupations are more beneficial for skill development just after college, whereas routine-intensive occupations are more beneficial for skill development before college. Accordingly, delayed college entrants choose more routine-intensive early-career occupations, and immediate college entrants choose more abstract-intensive early-career occupations. The results also indicate that high school graduates with high levels of abstract skills face the largest penalty for delaying college entry.

Download or read book On the job Training written by Harley Frazis and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On-the-Job Training surveys the recent literature from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. The analysis of how individuals obtain and are paid for their skills is fundamental to labor economics. The basic idea of human capital theory is that workers and firms invest in workers' skills in order to increase their productivity, much as persons invest in financial or physical assets to earn income. Workers develop many skills through formal education not tied to an employer, but an important part of their skills are learned on the job. On-the-Job Training focuses on recent literature including empirical research using direct measures of training and theoretical papers inspired by findings from this empirical work. The authors presents a theoretical model showing that costs and returns to general human capital may be shared if training increases mobility costs, if there are constraints on lowering wages, or if there is uncertainty about the value of training at competing employers. This model analyzes the choice of the amount of training, emphasizing the influence of whether the employer can commit to training prior to employment. In addition, the model implies that firms will attempt to match low-turnover workers with training opportunities, which is supported by the empirical literature.

Download or read book Employer Learning and the Dynamics of Returns to Universities written by Sylvie Démurger and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the return to an elite university education over a college graduate's career using the CHIP 2013 data. We find a substantial premium for graduating from an elite Chinese university at job entry, but it declines quickly with labor market experience. This pattern is entirely driven by the young cohorts who enter college after the higher education expansion that started in 1999. This pattern is more pronounced in coastal provinces and in economically more developed regions, where individual skills are highly rewarded in the labor market. The initial elite premium and its subsequent decline is found just for males; individual skills are much more consistently rewarded for females than males. The results are consistent with employer learning, where employers pay workers based on more easily observable group characteristics at job entry but rely less on these over time when more accurate information about individual productivity becomes available.

Download or read book Disruptive Technologies in Education and Workforce Development written by Delello, Julie A. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-07-17 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The education sector and workforce each face significant challenges in adapting to the unprecedented pace of technological advancement. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and other disruptive technologies is reshaping job roles and even entire industries, creating a pressing need for individuals and institutions to keep pace with these transformations. However, understanding and harnessing these technologies' potential can be daunting, especially without comprehensive resources that provide insights into their multifaceted impacts. Disruptive Technologies in Education and Workforce Development offers a comprehensive solution by exploring the profound implications of disruptive and emerging technologies. This book provides a roadmap for educators, policymakers, and professionals seeking to navigate the complexities of the digital age. The book focuses on innovative teaching and learning approaches, equipping readers with the knowledge and strategies to leverage these technologies effectively.

Download or read book Changing Expectations for the K 12 Teacher Workforce written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teachers play a critical role in the success of their students, both academically and in regard to long term outcomes such as higher education participation and economic attainment. Expectations for teachers are increasing due to changing learning standards and a rapidly diversifying student population. At the same time, there are perceptions that the teaching workforce may be shifting toward a younger and less experienced demographic. These actual and perceived changes raise important questions about the ways teacher education may need to evolve in order to ensure that educators are able to meet the needs of students and provide them with classroom experiences that will put them on the path to future success. Changing Expectations for the K-12 Teacher Workforce: Policies, Preservice Education, Professional Development, and the Workplace explores the impact of the changing landscape of K-12 education and the potential for expansion of effective models, programs, and practices for teacher education. This report explores factors that contribute to understanding the current teacher workforce, changing expectations for teaching and learning, trends and developments in the teacher labor market, preservice teacher education, and opportunities for learning in the workplace and in-service professional development.

Download or read book Handbook of the Economics of Education written by Eric A. Hanushek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-04-27 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume of research into the economics of education has grown rapidly in recent years. In this comprehensive new Handbook, editors Eric Hanushek, Stephen Machin, and Ludger Woessmann assemble original contributions from leading researchers, addressing contemporary advances in the field. Each chapter illuminates major methodological and theoretical developments and directs the reader to productive new lines of research. As a result, these concise overviews of the existing literature offer an essential 'jumpstart' for both students and researchers alike. - Demonstrates how new methodologies are yielding fresh perspectives in education economics - Uses rich data to study issues of high contemporary policy relevance - Explores innovations in higher education, competition, and the uses of technology

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of the Economics of Education written by Brian P. McCall and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economics of education is a burgeoning area of study, employing increasingly sophisticated analytical tools to answer questions with high societal impact. Thus, the aim of this handbook is to provide readers with an up-to-date overview of the current state of the field of the economics of education and its main areas of research. This comprehensive handbook provides an authoritative overview of key theoretical and policy areas, covering topics like econometric methods for education economics, returns to education, competition in education provision, education and economic growth, and education and inequality. It reviews the current state of research from early childhood through postgraduate education as well as adult education and life-long learning. Offering a truly international perspective, the handbook benefits from a global group of contributors and attention to both developed and developing country contexts. The Routledge Handbook of the Economics of Education will be a valuable resource for advanced students, researchers, and policymakers across economics, education, and public policy.

Download or read book Investing in the Health and Well Being of Young Adults written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-01-27 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young adulthood - ages approximately 18 to 26 - is a critical period of development with long-lasting implications for a person's economic security, health and well-being. Young adults are key contributors to the nation's workforce and military services and, since many are parents, to the healthy development of the next generation. Although 'millennials' have received attention in the popular media in recent years, young adults are too rarely treated as a distinct population in policy, programs, and research. Instead, they are often grouped with adolescents or, more often, with all adults. Currently, the nation is experiencing economic restructuring, widening inequality, a rapidly rising ratio of older adults, and an increasingly diverse population. The possible transformative effects of these features make focus on young adults especially important. A systematic approach to understanding and responding to the unique circumstances and needs of today's young adults can help to pave the way to a more productive and equitable tomorrow for young adults in particular and our society at large. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults describes what is meant by the term young adulthood, who young adults are, what they are doing, and what they need. This study recommends actions that nonprofit programs and federal, state, and local agencies can take to help young adults make a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. According to this report, young adults should be considered as a separate group from adolescents and older adults. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults makes the case that increased efforts to improve high school and college graduate rates and education and workforce development systems that are more closely tied to high-demand economic sectors will help this age group achieve greater opportunity and success. The report also discusses the health status of young adults and makes recommendations to develop evidence-based practices for young adults for medical and behavioral health, including preventions. What happens during the young adult years has profound implications for the rest of the life course, and the stability and progress of society at large depends on how any cohort of young adults fares as a whole. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults will provide a roadmap to improving outcomes for this age group as they transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Download or read book Higher Education and the Labour Market written by Robert M. Lindley and published by Society for Research Into Higher Education. This book was released on 1981 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is the first from the Leverhulme program of study, which focused on the major strategic options likely to be available to higher education institutions and policy-making bodies in the 1980s and 1990s. It resulted from a specialist seminar on higher education and the labor market. The chapters are: "Employers' Perceptions of Demand" (Laurence C. Hunter); "Technological Manpower" (Derek L. Bosworth); "Response to Change in the United States" (Richard B. Freeman); "Higher Education Policy" (Maurice Peston); and "The Challenge of Market Imperatives" (Robert M. Lindley). Lindley notes that the British higher education system has never come to grips with the role it might play in economic development and examines some areas of need and improvement: the search for more students; the need to get the labor market more involved in the environment of higher education and to get education to respond to market need with qualified persons; the role of higher education in the screening and credentialism process; to encourage industry's role in funding and organizing higher education; and stabilizing the labor market environment. It is concluded that labor market issues have to be handled at a more sophisticated level than the debate about manpower alone. (LC)

Download or read book Lifelong Development written by PressGrup Academician Team and published by Prof. Dr. Bilal Semih Bozdemir. This book was released on with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As children grow and develop cognitive skills, their social interactions become increasingly complex. The ability to think abstractly, infer relationships, and comprehend social norms are critical cognitive milestones that significantly influence children’s socialization processes. During middle childhood, for example, the development of metacognition enables children to reflect on their thinking and that of others, facilitating a more nuanced understanding of social dynamics. This cognitive evolution allows for improved conflict resolution, negotiation skills, and empathy—hallmarks of healthy social interactions. Moreover, the process of perspective-taking, which refers to the capacity to understand another person's viewpoint, is closely tied to cognitive development. It is during the concrete operational stage (ages 7 to 11) that children begin to grasp the ability to see things from multiple viewpoints, which is pivotal for successful social interactions. This skill not only aids in forming and maintaining friendships but also assists in navigating complex social situations, thereby enriching an individual’s social environment.

Download or read book Job finding and Job losing written by Robert Ernest Hall and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the paths over time that individuals follow in the labor market, as revealed in the monthly Current Population Survey. Some people face much higher flow values from work than in a non-market activity; if they lose a job, they find another soon. Others have close to equal flow values and tend to circle through jobs, search, and non- market activities. And yet others have flow values for non-market activities that are higher than those in the market, and do not work. We develop a model that identifies and quantifies heterogeneity in dynamic individual behavior. Our model provides a bridge between research on monthly transition rates in the tradition of Blanchard and Diamond (1990) and research on economic dynamics in the tradition of Mortensen and Pissarides (1994). Our estimates discern 5 distinct types. Most unemployment comes from just two of those types. Low employment types frequently circle among unemployment, short-term jobs, and being out of the labor market. Short-term jobs play a role in the job-finding process related to the role of unemployment. These are stop-gap jobs for high-employment types and a part of circling for low-employment types. Because of their high job-finding rates, and despite their low flow values of non- work relative to work, the volatility of the future lifetime value that high-employment types derive from work and non-work is lower than for low-employment types.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Emerging Pedagogies for the Future of Education Trauma Informed Care and Pandemic Pedagogy written by Bozkurt, Aras and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-06-04 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic caused educational institutions to close for the safety of students and staff and to aid in prevention measures around the world to slow the spread of the outbreak. Closures of schools and the interruption of education affected billions of enrolled students of all ages, leading to nearly the entire student population to be impacted by these measures. Consequently, this changed the educational landscape. Emergency remote education (ERE) was put into practice to ensure the continuity of education and caused the need to reinterpret pedagogical approaches. The crisis revealed flaws within our education systems and exemplified how unprepared schools were for the educational crisis both in K-12 and higher education contexts. These shortcomings require further research on education and emerging pedagogies for the future. The Handbook of Research on Emerging Pedagogies for the Future of Education: Trauma-Informed, Care, and Pandemic Pedagogy evaluates the interruption of education, reports best-practices, identifies the strengths and weaknesses of educational systems, and provides a base for emerging pedagogies. The book provides an overview of education in the new normal by distilling lessons learned and extracting the knowledge and experience gained through the COVID-19 global crisis to better envision the emerging pedagogies for the future of education. The chapters cover various subjects that include mathematics, English, science, and medical education, and span all schooling levels from preschool to higher education. The target audience of this book will be composed of professionals, researchers, instructional designers, decision-makers, institutions, and most importantly, main-actors from the educational landscape interested in interpreting the emerging pedagogies and future of education due to the pandemic.

Download or read book Technological Learning and Labor Market Dynamics written by Martin Gervais and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The search-and-matching model of the labor market fails to match two important business cycle facts: (i) a high volatility of unemployment relative to labor productivity, and (ii) a mild correlation between these two variables. We address these shortcomings by focusing on technological learning-by-doing: the notion that it takes workers' time using a technology before reaching their full productive potential with it. We consider a novel source of business cycles, namely, fluctuations in the speed of technological learning, and show that a search-and-matching model featuring such shocks can account for both facts. Moreover, our model provides a new interpretation of recently discussed “news shocks.”

Download or read book Mapping the Field of Adult and Continuing Education written by Alan B. Knox and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-published with The field of Adult and Continuing Education (ACE) has long been influential beyond its already porous borders and continues to be a source of important ideas, inspiration, and innovative practices for those in disciplines such as educational administration, social work, nursing, and counseling. Recognizing this, the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education commissioned the editors to create this compendium, which provides an invaluable resource to readers already established in the field, those entering the field, and to myriad neighbors of the field as well.This four-volume compendium (also available as a combined e-book) brings together a host of national and international contributors to map the field of ACE in a series of brief articles addressing key theories and practices across its many domains and settings. These are arranged in four volumes, available either individually or as a set:Volume One: Adult LearnersVolume Two: Teaching and LearningVolume Three: Leadership and AdministrationVolume Four: Inquiry and InfluencesThe volume on Adult Learners will include articles addressing topics such as adult development, diversity, learning abilities, the influence of personality on learning, and the role of experience in adult learning. By far the largest segment of learners in society, and currently the largest segment of college students as well, a better understanding of the adult learner is vital for educators of all kinds.Volume two addresses Teaching and Learning topics ranging from methods and roles to programs and materials. Encompassing formal and informal learning, as well as the variety of focus and setting, from cultural to occupational, this volume explores the wide range of theory and practice in ACE.Issues of Leadership and Administration such as planning and resource allocation, organizational change and culture, and the value of a shared vision for all stakeholders are addressed in the third volume. From practical matters like staffing and volunteers, to big-picture issues such as alternative visions for the future of the field, this volume offers vital knowledge and insight.The final volume, on Inquiry and Influences, examines the context, trends, and methods of research and evaluation in the field’s many domains. Wide-ranging inquiry has always been a hallmark of ACE, and only continues to grow along with the recognition of the importance of adult learning for learners and for the society as a whole.All four volumes are available as a single e-book, to make the most of the inter-relatedness of the various topics. This version uses live links in the table of contents and combined index (as well as keywords at the start of each article) to enable readers to follow their own topical interests and thus create unique learning pathways for themselves.

Download or read book Structural Dynamics and Economic Growth written by Richard Arena and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-03 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since Adam Smith, economists have been preoccupied with the puzzle of economic growth. The standard mainstream models of economic growth were and often still are based either on assumptions of diminishing returns on capital with technological innovation or on endogenous dynamics combined with a corresponding technological and institutional setting. An alternative model of economic growth emerged from the Cambridge School of Keynesian economists in the 1950s and 1960s. This model - developed mainly by Luigi Pasinetti - emphasizes the importance of demand, human learning and the growth dynamics of industrial systems. Finally, in the past decade, new mainstream models have emerged incorporating technology or demand-based structural change and extending the notion of balanced growth. This collection of essays reassesses Pasinetti's theory of structural dynamics in the context of these recent developments, with contributions from economists writing in both the mainstream and the Cambridge Keynesian traditions and including Luigi Pasinetti, William Baumol, Geoffrey Harcourt and Nobel laureate Robert Solow.