Download or read book Labor Costs and International Competitiveness in Manufacturing Industry written by W. L. Chilton and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report making a comparison of labour cost trends and international competitiveness in manufacturing - discusses the changing pattern in international division of labour and implications for newly industrializing countries and looks at hourly wage rates and exchange rate movements from 1970 to 1980 as labour cost factors in selected developed countries (in greater detail for the UK, Germany, Federal Republic, Japan and the USA), and compares these to selected NICs. Graphs and references.
Download or read book Indonesia Labor Market Policies and International Competitiveness written by Nisha Agrawal and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Competitiveness and External Trade Performance of the French Manufacturing Industry written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-12-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an assessment of competitiveness and external trade performance of the French manufacturing industry during the 1980s and early 1990s. The first part of the paper reviews developments in a broad range of competitiveness indicators. The analysis indicates that the manufacturing sector appears to have maintained its competitive position in recent years. The second part discusses developments in export market shares. The third part estimates a vector error correction model relating the trade ratio to relative unit labor costs, domestic and foreign demand, and nonprice competitiveness. Variance decompositions suggest that fluctuations in price and nonprice competitiveness account for about two-fifths of fluctuations in manufacturing trade flows.
Download or read book High Technology and International Competitiveness written by Romesh Diwan and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1991-11-30 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following World War II, the U.S. manufacturing sector emerged as the dominant industrial force in the world in virtually all areas, including productivity, market share, innovations, and capital investments. Though other countries have caught up with and surpassed the United States in many industries, Romesh Diwan and Chandana Chakraborty argue that America can recapture its dominant role by moving forcefully into high-technology industries. In this work, they examine competitiveness in a range of high-technology enterprises, analyzing the industries as an aggregate as well as through three specific examples: semi-conductors, telecommunications, and computers. The authors provide a complete understanding of the technical changes and developments that are taking place in U.S. high technology, and offer guidance to policy makers in promoting competitive strength. Their work defines and quantifies the high-tech industrial sector of the U.S, economy, and analyzes the productivity of this sector by utilizing a translog cost function, which provides information about the structure of the input-output relations in a particular industry. Using these functions, Diwan and Chakraborty answer quantitatively a number of questions relating to the growth of various inputs, productivities, and outputs, which lead to conclusions regarding the structure of production, costs, and capacity in U.S. industry. Their conclusions--that technical change is biased in the main in favor of capital and material, and that capital and skilled labor are complements--are consistent with new ideas and theories in the field. This work will be a valuable reference source for professional economists and policy experts, as well as for scholars and students in international trade, finance, and development.
Download or read book Location of Industry and International Competitiveness written by Seev Hirsch and published by Oxford : Clarendon P. This book was released on 1967 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic theory comprising development and testing of a model for use (1) in understanding the relationship between location of industry and international trade competitiveness of manufacturing industries, and (2) in formulating policies to bridge the gap between competitive potential and actual export performance. References.
Download or read book International Productivity and Competitiveness written by Bert G. Hickman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992-03-26 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pathbreaking volume conveys the "state of the art" of contemporary research on productivity growth and international competitiveness--arguably the most important problems facing contemporary economics. Adopting a worldwide perspective that features comparative analyses of both industrialized and developing countries, the book assembles papers from an international roster of leading scholars who cover a wide range of complementary topics and approaches. A number of the papers attempt to increase the clarity of thinking about "competitiveness" by developing formal definitions of the concept and relating it to more conventional economics concepts such as productivity. Some provide a macroeconomic perspective whereas others compare cross-sections of individual industries across countries or analyze the efficacy of industrial policies to promote competitiveness. Among the common themes, which are highlighted in the editor's overview chapter, are the measurement of labor and total factor productivity, accounting for the sources of productivity growth, the use of purchasing power parity indexes in international comparisons of productivity levels, the worldwide productivity slowdown, the extent of productivity convergence among developed economies, the primacy of exchange rate fluctuations in short-term movements of competitiveness since the early 1970's, and the causes of the apparent loss of U.S. competitiveness during the 1980's.
Download or read book Technology and Costs in International Competitiveness written by Giovanni Dosi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the determinants of international competitiveness at the level of sectors and firms. First, we address the relation between cost-related and technological competition in a sample of fifteen OECD countries. Results suggest that the countries' sectoral market shares are indeed mainly shaped by technological factors (proxied by investment intensity and patents) while cost advantages/disadvantages do not seem to play any significant role. Next, we attempt to identify the underlying dynamics at the firm level. We do that for a single country, Italy, using a large panel of Italian firms, over nearly two decades. Results show that also at micro level in most sectors investments and patents correlate positively both with the probability of being an exporter and with the capacity to acquire and to increase export market shares. The evidence on costs is more mixed. A simple measure like total labour compensation is positively correlated with the probability of being an exporter, while unit labour costs show a negative correlation only in some manufacturing sectors.
Download or read book Towards a System of Multilateral Unit Labor Cost Based Competitiveness Indicators for Advanced Developing and Transition Countries written by Mr.Anthony G. Turner and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-11-01 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper attempts to extend the range of countries covered by the IMF’s multilateral real exchange rate indexes based on relative unit labor costs (REER-ULCs) in manufacturing. A data set was assembled that permits calculation of REER-ULCs for 23 newly industrialized, developing, and transition countries in addition to the 21 industrial countries covered by the current system. Although the results are mostly quite encouraging, they should be considered preliminary because of uncertainty about the reliability and comparability of the underlying data. Also, unit labor costs are not available on as timely a basis as consumer price indexes (CPIs), especially for nonindustrial countries. Thus, the ULC-based indicators should supplement rather than replace the current CPI-based system.
Download or read book Competitiveness Indicators written by Mr.Stephen Tokarick and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-03-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses five indicators of competitiveness: real exchange rates based on consumer price indices, export unit values of manufacturing goods, the relative price of traded to nontraded goods, normalized unit labor costs in manufacturing, and the ratio of normalized unit labor costs to value-added deflators in manufacturing. It discusses how each of these measures is associated with changes in a country’s balance of trade in goods and nonfactor services and examines the relationship among these indicators. It then examines the empirical performance of three of the indicators in terms of their ability to explain trade flows.
Download or read book Productivity Growth and the Competitiveness of the American Economy written by Stanley W. Black and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: swollen with deutschemarks and yen newly created to purchase unwanted dollars from the markets. When the Bundesbank and the Bank of Japan began to raise their interest rates to slow domestic monetary expansion, the fabric of international monetary cooperation began to unravel. Amid charge and counter-charge by disgruntled fmance ministers, the dollar dropped further and interest rates jumped upward, leading to panic in the stock market on Black Monday. Fortunately, a steady hand and generous supply of credit from the Federal Reserve System prevented massive bankruptcies among Wall Street brokerage houses and a collapse of the credit system. But the world-wide reverberations of the Wall Street crash exposed the underlying weaknesses of an economy based on foreign borrowing for all to see. Furthermore, the banking system is saddled with mountains of bad debts from the Third World and depressed parts of the American economy. A new Administration entering office in 1989 must deal with these problems, among others. Businesses and state and local governments need to know whether to focus their efforts on tax policy, investment, and improvements in education and worker training, or lobbying for protection from imports. The papers in this volume were chosen to explain the causes of present competitive problems in American industry and the factors that can lead to their gradual solution.
Download or read book U S Competitiveness in the World Economy written by Bruce R. Scott and published by Harvard Business Review Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Competitiveness of European Industry written by Arthur Francis and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers from a seminar held at the European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management, Brussels.
Download or read book Adjustment to International Competition written by Richard E. Caves and published by Economic. This book was released on 1990 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report builds on 2 types of research on the structure and performance of Canadian manufacturing industries. One line addresses industries of domestic producers who serve the small Canadian market in competition with imports and is concerned with the productive efficiency of these industries but not with their short-run responses to international competition. The other line concerns the short-run sensitivity of responses of the manufacturing industries' prices, output, and employment levels to disturbances, focused on responses to domestic disturbances but not international. Using annual data on many individual industries, the study builds a statistical model of adjustments to changes in international competition such as changes in prices and varieties of importable goods, and in Canadian tariffs and the exchange rate. It tracks the effects of those changes on the selling prices of Canadian producers, quantities of imports and exports, and the key input decisions of employment and capital expenditures. It draws conclusions about these adjustment processes for the typical manufacturing industry but also shows how these adjustments vary among sectors and types of industries.
Download or read book The Relative Competitiveness of U S German and Japanese Manufacturing written by Tsutomu Miyagawa and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring International Price and Cost Competitiveness written by Philip Turner and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Indonesia Labor Market Policies and International Competitiveness written by Nisha Agrawal and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: September 1995 Indonesia's labor market in the 1990s is characterized by rising labor costs, reduced worker productivity, and increasing industrial unrest. The main problem is generous, centrally mandated, but unenforceable worker benefits. Legislation encouraging enterprise-level collective bargaining might help reduce some of the costs associated with worker unrest. Indonesia's labor market in the 1990s is characterized by rising labor costs, reduced worker productivity, and increasing industrial unrest. The main problem is generous, centrally mandated, but unenforceable worker benefits. Legislation encouraging enterprise-level collective bargaining might help reduce some of the costs associated with worker unrest. Policy measures Indonesia adopted in 1986 led to a boom in manufacturing exports and foreign direct investment and put Indonesia on the path to rapid export-oriented, labor-intensive growth. In the second half of the 1980s, because of abundant cheap labor, real labor costs did not rise but worker productivity did, partly through improved education and training of the workforce. There are increasing signs that in the early 1990s Indonesia's competitiveness is being eroded by several factors: rising labor costs, low worker productivity, and increasing industrial unrest. One problem is generous, centrally mandated benefits, detailed in the new social security law. The estimated cost of the government-mandated benefits package would be a hefty 12 percent of the wage bill. The other problem is that the government has greatly limited organized labor, viewing it as a threat to political and economic stability. This approach of mandating benefits centrally through legislation without empowering workers to enforce compliance with the legislation (or negotiate their own benefits packages with employers) is beginning to strain industrial relations in Indonesia. Policymakers should consider allowing effective, democratic plant-level worker organizations. Legislation to encourage collective bargaining at the enterprise level would enable workers and managers to negotiate outcomes that might improve worker productivity. Improving dispute resolution mechanisms and the workers' ability to be heard in the workplace could reduce the incidence of illegal or wildcat strikes. But more than legislative changes are needed. Changes in approaches to industrial relations, deregulation, and increased competition in product markets could make unions' roles more positive, while limiting their negative role. This paper -- a product of the Office of the Vice President, Development Economics -- was prepared as a background paper for World Development Report 1995 on labor.
Download or read book Job Creation Job Destruction and International Competition written by Michael W. Klein and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2003 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looks into the costs and benefits of labour-market reallocation of US manufacturing industries. Includes a review of the literature on implications of gross flows for the costs of labour adjustment to international factors. Concludes that gross job flows may influence gross worker flows, and therefore, human capital investment, wages and worker welfare.
