Download or read book The West African Manilla Currency written by Rolf Denk and published by tredition. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prof . Dr Rolf Denk, born in Düsseldorf in 1935, worked as a dermatologist in the Mainz University Hospital and afterwards in his own specialist practice in Rüsselsheim. In 1978 he and other collectors were among the founders of the European Union to Search for, Collect, and Preserve Primitive and Curious Money (EUCOPRIMO). In 1981 he took over the editing of the journal Der Primitivgeldsammler. After completing his medical career, he devoted himself more to the research of early indigenous means of payment. 110 own publications have appeared on this topic. In 2017 he published the monograph "Das Manillen-Geld West Afrikas" of which he now presents a revised and extended edition in English. The currency manillas discussed in this book are open metal rings that were used by Europeans as means of payment in trade with the local population from the mid-15th to mid-20th century in various areas of the West Coast of Africa. All currency manillas were made in Europe and are not indigenous products. Therefore is not correct and misleading to designate the foot, arm and neck rings produced in the country itself as manillas. The early Portuguese manillas, also called tacoais, were largely produced according to Portuguese specifications in Flanders and Germany. They are heavier and larger than the so-called Birmingham manillas, which originated in England and were mainly exported to southern Nigeria, where they were in circulation as market money with the Igbo and Ibibo. An intermediate position in terms of shape, weight and metal composition is occupied by the popo manillas, probably produced in England and France and mainly used in the Ivory Coast. On the basis of extensive literature research, an attempt is made to obtain more precise data on the production, use and typification of the different currency manillas and to show their clear distinction from the indigenous metal rings.
Download or read book Revue de Fonderie Moderne written by and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A pocket dictionary of the French and English languages abridgement of the Practical French and English dictionary written by Léon Contanseau and published by . This book was released on 1863 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 1750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Societies in Conflict written by and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the breakdown of the communist system, violent, often ethnic in origin, conflicts erupted in the Balkans, in the Caucasus and elsewhere. Europe was suddenly confronted with nationalist passions and violence not experienced since the Second World War. The present volume, based on a seminar held in Slovenia, analyses some of these conflicts, focusing on the Balkans. The authors explore to what extent law can contribute to a peaceful settlement and prevent wide-scale violations of human rights.
Download or read book The Smart Set written by and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Le Raffinage Du Sucre en Fabrique Et Ses Nouveaux Proc d s written by Louis Figuier and published by . This book was released on 1884 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Vincentians A General History of the Congregation of the Mission written by John E. Rybolt and published by New City Press. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE SUBTITLE OF THIS VOLUME is “An Era of Expansion, (1878–1919).” It reflects the reality of the Congregation of the Mission under the leadership of Antoine Fiat, the superior general who governed the Community longer than St. Vincent de Paul. Like the founder, Fiat was a man of both prayer and action. Also like the founder, Fiat was often hesitant and delayed final decisions. His confreres spread to new missions, such as the republics of Central America and Argentina, and several missions or provinces had grown large enough to be given more autonomy, such as the two American provinces, the Antilles, Barcelona, Ecuador, Belgium and Holland, Madagascar, and Colombia. China continued to attract many missionaries as well as local Chinese vocations despite war and unrest. This volume, then, relates not only that the Vincentians, members of the Congregation of the Mission, grew in number and influence, but how they exercised their ministry. Persecution was their lot in some regions, but they forged ahead. As always, they sought to align their ministries at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries with the original mission entrusted to them by the Church through Vincent de Paul: to bring the Gospel to the poor.
Download or read book Memoires du Museum National D histoire Naturelle written by and published by IRD Editions. This book was released on with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dictionnaire G ographique Et Statistique Sur Un Plan Enti rement Nouveau written by Adrien GUIBERT and published by . This book was released on 1850 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Political Writings written by Simone de Beauvoir and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2012-06-21 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political Writings offers an abundance of newly translated essays by Simone de Beauvoir that demonstrate a heretofore unknown side of her political philosophy. The writings in this volume range from Beauvoir's surprising 1952 defense of the misogynistic eighteenth-century pornographer, the Marquis de Sade, to a co-written 1974 documentary film, transcribed here for the first time, which draws on Beauvoir's analysis of how socioeconomic privilege shapes the biological reality of aging. The volume traces nearly three decades of Beauvoir's leftist political engagement, from exposés of conditions in fascist Spain and Portugal in 1945 and hard-hitting attacks on right-wing French intellectuals in the 1950s, to the 1962 defense of an Algerian freedom fighter, Djamila Boupacha, and a 1975 article arguing for what is now called the "two-state solution" in Israel. Together these texts prefigure Beauvoir's later feminist activism and provide a new interpretive context for reading her multi-volume autobiography, while also shedding new light on French intellectual history during the turbulent era of decolonization.
Download or read book Cosette written by Victor Hugo and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Les Livres de L ann e written by and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 1066 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Le Jacquard written by and published by . This book was released on 1898 with total page 1144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Plot Machine written by Kai Mikkonen and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 2001 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a new and exciting theory of the modern French novel by developing the notion of the narrative as a "textual machine". Many turn-of-the-century French novels thematically identified their means of narration through the various machines that they depicted. The narrative devices that were particularly important in this self-reflection included: the temporal order of the plot, the question of a narrative's beginning and end, the hierarchy of narrative voices, and the techniques of the point of view. The question of mechanization became central on all these fronts. Has the novel become automated or machine-like? At the same time, the machine metaphors in the novels of Alfred Jarry, Emile Zola, Jules Verne, Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Raymond Roussel combined the question of the narrative form with new ways to think about man's relationship with technology and the cultural environment. The early modernist texts drew upon contradictory notions of technological promise and threat while they also depicted new forms of identity and behavior, related to or modeled after machines. These texts highlighted cultural assumptions concerning technological innovations and critiqued, mainly through parody and through various figures of man-machine fusion, the positivistic belief in progress. Such writers looked for evidence of advanced forms of consciousness arising out of encounters with new technology such as: telephones, trains, bicycles, telegraphy, phonographs and electricity. This volume will be of interest to anyone working in the field of modern French literary and cultural history. It will especially appeal to anyone intrigued with the origins of the modernist novel, the history of narrative forms, and the question of how the experience of new technology may be portrayed in literary texts.
