Download or read book La Democracia Constitucional en Am rica Latina y las Evoluciones Recientes del Presidencialismo written by Varios autores and published by U. Externado de Colombia. This book was released on 2002-06-09 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Siempre será oportuno reflexionar sobre la democracia, su contenido, sus desafíos, su presente y su futuro, las transformaciones y percepciones que de ella se tienen. No son pocas las preocupaciones o inquietudes que la democracia suscita en esta parte del mundo, y muestra de ello son los más variados estudios e informes sobre el estado actual de la democracia y sus probabilidades en América Latina. Más de un cuarto de siglo de ejercicio democrático en casi toda la región parecería sugerirnos que la democracia echó raíces en esta área y que su consolidación que está asegurada. Sin embargo, nada más paradójico, lejos de su afianzamiento parecería que está más cerca de la fragilidad. Los desencantos son cada vez más evidentes.Los regímenes democráticos de la región afrontan en la actualidad los más complejos problemas, en donde los gobiernos, en sentido amplio, no han logrado dar una respuesta efectiva: profundas desigualdades, altos niveles de pobreza, merma en el crecimiento económico, ausencia de creación empleo, que se terminan convirtiendo en los motivos o causas que justifican la insatisfacción ciudadana con el funcionamiento de la democracia y sus instituciones. De ahí pues que la región se haya caracterizado por la realización de los más diversos procesos de reforma constitucional, política y electoral, quizá con el propósito de superar otros malestares que afectan a al democracia: representación, participación, gobernabilidad. Y aquí nuevamente el tema del presidencialismo latinoamericano y sus posibles conexiones con las debilidades de la democracia en América Latina.Esta obra examina precisamente los desafíos, ventajas y desventajas del régimen presidencial en la región, sobre la base de juiciosas investigaciones en distintos contextos nacionales, con énfasis en México, Argentina, Perú y Colombia, con un alto grado de homogeneidad en sus presupuestos teóricos y metodológicos. Entonces, los artículos contenidos en este volumen analizan las principales transformaciones de los regímenes presidenciales en donde se pueden evidenciar las diferencias existentes entre éstos y los efectos que tienen en el funcionamiento de los respectivos sistemas políticos, con tendencias que se soportan en el desprestigio de los partidos políticos y de la clase dirigente; el presidencialismo hegemónico y los poderes presidenciales, especialmente en temas económicos; la extensión de la corrupción, la impunidad y el desprecio por el estado de derecho.Los regímenes democráticos de la región afrontan en la actualidad los más complejos problemas, en donde los gobiernos, en sentido amplio, no han logrado dar una respuesta efectiva: profundas desigualdades, altos niveles de pobreza, merma en el crecimiento económico, ausencia de creación empleo, que se terminan convirtiendo en los motivos o causas que justifican la insatisfacción ciudadana con el funcionamiento de la democracia y sus instituciones. De ahí pues que la región se haya caracterizado por la realización de los más diversos procesos de reforma constitucional, política y electoral, quizá con el propósito de superar otros malestares que afectan a al democracia: representación, participación, gobernabilidad. Y aquí nuevamente el tema del presidencialismo latinoamericano y sus posibles conexiones con las debilidades de la democracia en América Latina.Esta obra examina precisamente los desafíos, ventajas y desventajas del régimen presidencial en la región, sobre la base de juiciosas investigaciones en distintos contextos nacionales, con énfasis en México, Argentina, Perú y Colombia, con un alto grado de homogeneidad en sus presupuestos teóricos y metodológicos.
Download or read book Governing the Metropolis written by Eduardo Rojas and published by David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies. This book was released on 2008 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores key metropolitan management issues, presents practical principles of good governance as they apply to the metropolis, and unfolds cases of institutional and programmatic arrangements to tackle such issues.
Download or read book Employment in Metropolitan Areas written by United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insurance Regulation in North America written by Bradly J. Condon and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intersection of insurance regulation and trade agreements is of obvious significance to international competitiveness and, thereby, to national welfare. Yet until this masterful study the subject has remained virtually unexplored. Insurance Regulation in North America, far from merely addressing this important area of theory and practice, superbly balances a world of detailed analysis and commentary with deeply insightful interpretation and debate. The book's focus on insurance regulation in three countries allows the authors to approach the subject in an extraordinary depth that could not be achieved in a more global account. In the course of their treatment the authors offer the reader the following invaluable insights, among many others:analysis of the political dimension of reaching agreements and of implementing them;comparison of the three major trade agreements that apply in the North American insurance market'NAFTA, WTO agreements on financial services, and MEUFTA (the Mexico-European Union Free Trade Agreement)'with emphasis on the relationship between GATS and NAFTA principles;investigation of the clear convergence of regulatory schemes and the probable limits to harmonization;discussion of the arbitrage by which companies get around regulatory restrictions and exploit opportunities created by loopholes;clarification of the crucial issues surrounding the role of customary international law principles in investor protection obligations;discussion of the level of government and which government agencies a company must turn to in order to satisfy legal requirements;analysis of the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Mexico regarding legal effects of treaties on domestic law;commentary on the effects of demutualization and of mergers and acquisitions;discussion of the effect of the entrenchment of U.S. State regulations and the federal government's lack of clear power to force State compliance; anddescription of dispute settlement procedures between governments. Although important issues arising in each of the three countries are all covered, there is an emphasis on the Mexican market in recognition of Mexico's greater future growth potential and of the relative paucity of relevant literature in English. Major case studies that reveal processes of compliance or conflict are analyzed in detail. For insurance professionals'lawyers, business executives, and policymakers'who want to understand what international trade agreements contain, how they work, and how they affect domestic insurance regulation and business strategy in what is rapidly becoming a global market for insurance and other financial services, this book is a gold mine. Scholars and academics in insurance law and international economic law will also find here a fresh new treatise of great significance.
Download or read book MICAI 2002 Advances in Artificial Intelligence written by Carlos Coello Coello and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-08-01 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MICAI 2002, held in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico in April 2002. The 56 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 85 submissions from 17 countries. The papers are organized in topical sections on robotics and computer vision, heuristic search and optimization, speech recognition and natural language processing, logic, neural networks, machine learning, multi-agent systems, uncertainty management, and AI tools and applications.
Download or read book Progress in Pattern Recognition Image Analysis and Applications written by Alberto Sanfeliu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-10-15 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First of all, we want to congratulate two new research communities from M- ico and Brazil that have recently joined the Iberoamerican community and the International Association for Pattern Recognition. We believe that the series of congresses that started as the “Taller Iberoamericano de Reconocimiento de Patrones (TIARP)”, and later became the “Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition (CIARP)”, has contributed to these groupconsolidatione?orts. We hope that in the near future all the Iberoamerican countries will have their own groups and associations to promote our areas of interest; and that these congresses will serve as the forum for scienti?c research exchange, sharing of - pertise and new knowledge, and establishing contacts that improve cooperation between research groups in pattern recognition and related areas. CIARP 2004 (9th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition) was the ninthinaseriesofpioneeringcongressesonpatternrecognitionintheIberoam- ican community. As in the previous year, CIARP 2004 also included worldwide participation. It took place in Puebla, Mexico. The aim of the congress was to promote and disseminate ongoing research and mathematical methods for pattern recognition, image analysis, and applications in such diverse areas as computer vision, robotics, industry, health, entertainment, space exploration, telecommunications, data mining, document analysis,and natural languagep- cessing and recognition, to name a few.
Download or read book Connecting to Global Markets written by Marion Jansen and published by World Trade Organization. This book was released on 2014 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing countries and emerging economies have played an ever-expanding role in world trade flows in recent decades but they still face a number of constraints in connecting to global markets. In this volume, members of the WTO's academic network in developing countries - the WTO Chairs Programme - identify major challenges in their respective countries and how to overcome them. The chair-holders originally presented their case studies at the WTO's Annual Conference of the Chairs Programme and the Global Review of Aid for Trade in July 2013. Their contributions have been collected together in this volume to provide a comprehensive picture of the challenges of connecting to global markets.
Download or read book The Birnbaum Saunders Distribution written by Victor Leiva and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution presents the statistical theory, methodology, and applications of the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution, a very flexible distribution for modeling different types of data (mainly lifetime data). The book describes the most recent theoretical developments of this model, including properties, transformations and related distributions, lifetime analysis, and shape analysis. It discusses methods of inference based on uncensored and censored data, goodness-of-fit tests, and random number generation algorithms for the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution, also presenting existing and future applications. - Introduces inference in the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution - Provides a comprehensive review of the statistical theory and methodology of the Birnbaum-Distribution - Discusses different applications of the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution - Explains characterization and the lifetime analysis
Download or read book Foundations of Intelligent Systems written by Ning Zhong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-10-22 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the 14th International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems, ISMIS 2003, held in Maebashi City, Japan, 28–31 October, 2003. The symposium was organized by the Maebashi Institute of Technology in co-operation with the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence. It was sponsored by the Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi Convention Bureau, Maebashi City Government, Gunma Prefecture Government, US AFOSR/AOARD, the Web Intelligence Consortium (Japan), Gunma Information Service Industry Association, and Ryomo Systems Co., Ltd. ISMIS is a conference series that was started in 1986 in Knoxville, Tennessee. Since then it has been held in Charlotte (North Carolina), Knoxville (Tennessee), Turin (Italy), Trondheim (Norway), Warsaw (Poland), Zakopane (Poland), and Lyon (France). The program committee selected the following major areas for ISMIS 2003: active media human-computer interaction, autonomic and evolutionary computation, intelligent agent technology, intelligent information retrieval, intelligent information systems, knowledge representation and integration, knowledge discovery and data mining, logic for artificial intelligence, soft computing, and Web intelligence.
Download or read book Economic and Financial Decisions under Risk written by Louis Eeckhoudt and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-30 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of risk and how to deal with it is an essential part of modern economics. Whether liability litigation for pharmaceutical firms or an individual's having insufficient wealth to retire, risk is something that can be recognized, quantified, analyzed, treated--and incorporated into our decision-making processes. This book represents a concise summary of basic multiperiod decision-making under risk. Its detailed coverage of a broad range of topics is ideally suited for use in advanced undergraduate and introductory graduate courses either as a self-contained text, or the introductory chapters combined with a selection of later chapters can represent core reading in courses on macroeconomics, insurance, portfolio choice, or asset pricing. The authors start with the fundamentals of risk measurement and risk aversion. They then apply these concepts to insurance decisions and portfolio choice in a one-period model. After examining these decisions in their one-period setting, they devote most of the book to a multiperiod context, which adds the long-term perspective most risk management analyses require. Each chapter concludes with a discussion of the relevant literature and a set of problems. The book presents a thoroughly accessible introduction to risk, bridging the gap between the traditionally separate economics and finance literatures.
Download or read book Progress in Pattern Recognition Image Analysis and Applications written by Alberto Sanfeliu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-04 with total page 1114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition, CIARP 2005, held in Havana, Cuba in November 2005. The 107 revised full papers presented together with 3 keynote articles were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 200 submissions. The papers cover ongoing research and mathematical methods for pattern recognition, image analysis, and applications in such diverse areas as computer vision, robotics, industry, health, entertainment, space exploration, telecommunications, data mining, document analysis, and natural language processing and recognition.
Download or read book Advances in Artificial Intelligence IBERAMIA SBIA 2006 written by Jaime Simao Sichman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-10-11 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 2nd International Joint Conference of the 10th Ibero-American Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IBERAMIA 2006, and the 18th Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Symposium, SBIA 2006. The book presents 62 revised full papers together with 4 invited lectures. Topical sections include AI in education and intelligent tutoring systems, autonomous agents and multiagent systems, computer vision and pattern recognition, evolutionary computation and artificial life, and more.
Download or read book Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering written by Rainer Fischer and published by A I P Press. This book was released on 2004-11-19 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All papers were peer reviewed. Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering provide a framework for analyzing ill-conditioned data. Maximum Entropy is a theoretical method to draw conclusions when little information is available. Bayesian probability theory provides a formalism for scientific reasoning by analyzing noisy or imcomplete data using prior knowledge.
Download or read book Privatizing Pensions written by Mitchell A. Orenstein and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2008-08-11 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To what extent do international organizations, global policy networks, and transnational policy entrepreneurs influence domestic policy makers? Have we entered a new phase of globalization that, unbeknownst to most citizens, shapes policies that used to be the sole domain of domestic politics? Privatizing Pensions reveals how international institutions--such as the World Bank, USAID, and other transnational policy actors--have played a seminal role in the development, diffusion, and implementation of new pension reforms that are transforming the postwar social contract in more than thirty countries worldwide, including the United States. Mitchell Orenstein shows how transnational actors have driven change in a policy area once thought to be beyond reform in many countries, and how they have done so by deploying their unique resources and legitimacy to promote new ideas, recruit disciples worldwide, and provide a broad range of technical assistance to government reformers over the long term. He demonstrates that while domestic decision makers may retain veto power over these reforms--which replace traditional social security with individual pension savings accounts--transnational policy makers play the role of "proposal actors," shaping the information, preferences, and resources of their domestic clients. Privatizing Pensions argues that even the most quintessentially domestic areas of policy have been thoroughly globalized, and that these international influences must be better understood.
Download or read book CII Journal written by Chartered Insurance Institute and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Insurance written by Georges Dionne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 1133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of the Handbook of Insurance reviews the last forty years of research developments in insurance and its related fields. A single reference source for professors, researchers, graduate students, regulators, consultants and practitioners, the book starts with the history and foundations of risk and insurance theory, followed by a review of prevention and precaution, asymmetric information, risk management, insurance pricing, new financial innovations, reinsurance, corporate governance, capital allocation, securitization, systemic risk, insurance regulation, the industrial organization of insurance markets and other insurance market applications. It ends with health insurance, longevity risk, long-term care insurance, life insurance financial products and social insurance. This second version of the Handbook contains 15 new chapters. Each of the 37 chapters has been written by leading authorities in risk and insurance research, all contributions have been peer reviewed, and each chapter can be read independently of the others.
Download or read book Concepto de democracia y sistema de gobierno en Am rica Latina written by Jorge Carpizo and published by Univ Externado de Colombia. This book was released on 2009 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Actualmente se discuten, en varios países de la región, procesos constituyentes que probablemente conducirán a nuevas Constituciones o a reformas integrales, de los textos fundamentales. Uno de los temas sobresalientes de la discusión se relaciona con el sistema de gobierno. Frente a este panorama, los ensayos que integran esta obra insisten en el valor excepcional del derecho constitucional latinoamericano comparado, como instrumento y referencia para las reformas constitucionales, al mismo tiempo que analizan las repercusiones que derivarían de querer resolver con este tipo de reformas, problemas que no son de índole jurídica, como la falta de voluntad política para solucionar los asuntos, la ineficacia, la incompetencia, la corrupción, la impunidad, el desprecio al Estado de derecho, la no aplicación de la ley, entre otros factores. La obra conduce a despejar confusiones sobre las instituciones, tales como los mitos de que un sistema parlamentario opera por esencia de manera más democrática que uno presidencial y que, con un cambio de sistema de gobierno se resolverían muchos de los problemas políticos, jurídicos y sociales, que castigan a varios países de la región. En ese sentido, este trabajo subraya la necesidad de tener en cuenta que en nuestros países no se deben cometer errores que puedan implicar debilidades o retrocesos en los regímenes democráticos alcanzados. Al contrario, hay que realizar modificaciones constitucionales que fortalezcan los sistemas democraticos, varios de los cuales aún no se consolidan.
