Download or read book The Social Production of Scientific Knowledge written by E. Mendelsohn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Scenes of Inquiry written by Nicholas Jardine and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text advocates a radical shift of concern in philosophical, historical, and sociological studies of the sciences, from answers and doctrines to questions and problems, and explores the consequences of such a shift.
Download or read book The Rise of Social Theory written by Johan Heilbron and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rise of Social Theory offers a brilliant account of the origins of social theory and sociology, providing a vivid portrayal of intellectual culture between the Enlightenment and the age of Romanticism. It is a methodologically innovative work that combines social and intellectual history to examine changes in the social sciences, alone with the conditions under which these changes occurred.
Download or read book L institution de la science et l exp rience du vivant written by Claire Salomon-Bayet and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ce livre multiplie les approches qui permettent de comprendre comment la pratique des sciences de la vie - de l'expérience à l'expérimentation - s'est constituée, du XVIIe au XIXe siècle, en se détachant du modèle mathématique, tout en tirant parti des cadres et des lieux institutionnels. Le thème de l'institution croise celui de l'expérience du vivant, entre physiologie, chimie, mécanique. Le lecteur est confronté aux figures de Descartes et de Pascal, de Fontenelle et de Maupertuis, aux démonstrations expérimentales d'un Réaumur, d'un John Hunter ou d'un Lavoisier, aux budgets des laboratoires du Jardin du roi ou de l'Académie royale des sciences. Cette épistémologie institutionnelle retrace les conditions qui ont rendu possible la séparation de l'histoire de la médecine d'avec ce qui sera bientôt l'histoire de la biologie. Il a fallu deux siècle pour passer des sciences de la vie à la biologie, de la biologie à la manipulation du vivant et à l'ingénierie génétique, mais la question de Schrödinger demeure : qu'est-ce que la vie ? Comment comprendre la constitution du vivant comme objet de science ? La leçon d'hier ouvre une voie rigoureuse à l'analyse et à la compréhension du développement et de l'utilisation des sciences aujourd'hui.
Download or read book Discipline and Experience written by Peter Dear and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-05-13 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the Scientific Revolution has long been regarded as the beginning of modern science, there has been little consensus about its true character. While the application of mathematics to the study of the natural world has always been recognized as an important factor, the role of experiment has been less clearly understood. Peter Dear investigates the nature of the change that occurred during this period, focusing particular attention on evolving notions of experience and how these developed into the experimental work that is at the center of modern science. He examines seventeenth-century mathematical sciences—astronomy, optics, and mechanics—not as abstract ideas, but as vital enterprises that involved practices related to both experience and experiment. Dear illuminates how mathematicians and natural philosophers of the period—Mersenne, Descartes, Pascal, Barrow, Newton, Boyle, and the Jesuits—used experience in their argumentation, and how and why these approaches changed over the course of a century. Drawing on mathematical texts and works of natural philosophy from all over Europe, he describes a process of change that was gradual, halting, sometimes contradictory—far from the sharp break with intellectual tradition implied by the term "revolution."
Download or read book Copying Machines written by Catherine Liu and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design Technics written by Zeynep Çelik Alexander and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scholars historicize and theorize technology’s role in architectural design Although the question of technics pervades the contemporary discipline of architecture, there are few critical analyses on the topic. Design Technics fills this gap, arguing that the technical dimension of design has often been flattened into the broader celebratory rhetoric of innovation. Bringing together leading scholars in architectural and design history, the volume’s contributors situate these tools on a broader epistemological and chronological canvas. The essays here construct histories—some panoramic and others unfolding around a specific episode—of seven techniques regularly used by the designer in the architectural studio today: rendering, modeling, scanning, equipping, specifying, positioning, and repeating. Starting with observations about the epistemological changes that have unfolded in the discipline in recent decades but seeking to offer a more expansive meaning for technics, the volume casts new light on concepts such as form, experience, and image that have played central roles in historical architectural discourses. Among the questions addressed: How was the concept of form immanent in practices of scanning since the late nineteenth century? What was the historical relationship between rendering and experience in Enlightenment discourses? How did practices of specifying reconfigure the distinction between intellectual and manual labor? What kind of rationality is inherent in the designer’s constant clicking of the mouse in front of her screen? In addressing these and other questions, this engaging and timely collection thereby proposes technics as a site for historical and philosophical reflection not only for those engaged in architectural design but also for any scholar working in the humanities today. Contributors: Lucia Allais, Edward Eigen, Orit Halpern, John Harwood, Matthew C. Hunter, and Michael Osman.
Download or read book Paris Savant written by Bruno Belhoste and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-17 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novelist Honoré de Balzac was the first to use the phrase "Paris savant" to refer to the dynamic Parisian scientific and intellectual community of the late 18th century. The Academy of Sciences was highly active during this time, and was a meeting place for intellectual and scientific elite, who worked together toward the diffusion of scientific knowledge into Parisian society. The Royal Observatory was a headquarters for French astronomy, as well as the great geodesic project to map all of France. The Royal Mint hosted courses in chemistry and mining, and the Arsenal near the Bastille housed the laboratory of Lavoisier, the most celebrated chemist of the age. This book is the English translation of Bruno Belhoste's Paris Savant: Encounters in Enlightenment Science, originally published in France in 2011. Belhoste discusses how the Parisian scientific community came into its important place in the French Enlightenment, focusing on the Academy of Sciences. Chapters cover subjects such as what role Parisian geography played in the movement, the contributions of French scientists to industrial and urban improvement, and how the Academy of Sciences clashed with the revolutionary crisis, resulting in its closing in 1793. The translation includes a prologue for English readers.
Download or read book Art as experience of the living body L art comme experience du corps vivant written by Christine Vial Kayser and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2024-01-23 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the dynamic relationship between art and subjective consciousness, following a phenomenological, pragmatist and enactive approach. It brings out a new approach to the role of the body in art, not as a speculative object or symbolic material but as the living source of the imaginary. It contains theoretical contributions and case studies taken from various artistic practices (visual art, theatre, literature and music), Western and Eastern, the latter concerning China, India and Japan. These contributions allow us to nourish the debate on embodied cognition and aesthetics, using theory–philosophy, art history, neuroscience–and the authors’ personal experience as artists or spectators. According to the Husserlian method of “reduction” and pragmatist introspection, they postulate that listening to bodily sensations–cramps, heartbeats, impulsive movements, eye orientation–can unravel the thread of subconscious experience, both active and affective, that emerge in the encounter between a subject and an artwork, an encounter which, following John Dewey, we deem to be a case study for life in general. Ce livre analyse la relation dynamique entre l’art et la conscience subjective, selon une approche phénoménologique, pragmatiste et enactive. Il vise à faire émerger une nouvelle approche du rôle du corps dans l’art, non pas comme objet spéculatif ou matériau symbolique, mais comme source vivante de l’imaginaire. Les contributions théoriques et les études de cas sont prises à diverses pratiques artistiques (arts visuels, théâtre, littérature et musique), occidentales et orientales, ces dernières concernant la Chine, l’Inde et le Japon. Selon la méthode husserlienne de « réduction », en écho à l’introspection pragmatiste, les textes témoignent que l’écoute des sensations corporelles – crampes, battements de cœur, mouvements pulsionnels, orientation des yeux – mises en jeu par l’œuvre, permet de dénouer le fil de l’expérience inconsciente, à la fois kinesthésique et affective, qui émerge dans la rencontre entre un sujet et une œuvre d’art, une rencontre comprise, à la manière de Dewey, comme un cas d’école de la vie en général.
Download or read book Science Technology Society in the Time of Alfred Nobel written by Carl Gustaf Bernhard and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers contained in this volume were presented at the Nobel Symposium which marked the eightieth anniversary of the first award of the Nobel prizes in 1901. Leading scholars from many different fields of science and technology exchange viewpoints across interdisciplinary boundaries. Participants were chosen for their special knowledge of science and technology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and papers cover the period from the 1860s to the outbreak of the First World War.
Download or read book Controversies Within the Scientific Revolution written by Marcelo Dascal and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the beginning of the Scientific Revolution around the late sixteenth century to its final crystallization in the early eighteenth century, hardly an observational result, an experimental technique, a theory, a mathematical proof, a methodological principle, or the award of recognition and reputation remained unquestioned for long. The essays collected in this book examine the rich texture of debates that comprised the Scientific Revolution from which the modern conception of science emerged. Were controversies marginal episodes, restricted to certain fields, or were they the rule in the majority of scientific domains? To what extent did scientific controversies share a typical pattern, which distinguished them from debates in other fields? Answers to these historical and philosophical questions are sought through a close attention to specific controversies within and across the changing scientific disciplines as well as across the borders of the natural and the human sciences, philosophy, theology, and technology.
Download or read book Patronage and Royal Science in Seventeenth Century France written by David S. Lux and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique study in the culture of seventeenth-century French science, Patronage and Royal Science in Seventeenth-Century France focuses on the brief revolutionary period (1650–1680) that launched Europe's New Age of Academies. David S. Lux provides a lively account of one of the most intriguing scientific institutions in Louis XIV's France, the Academie de Physique de Caen, organized in 1662. Lux investigates why this promising institution with a talented membership and sympathetic private patrons foundered after it was provided royal support, finally to close its doors in 1672. Drawing upon hitherto unexploited archival materials, the author discovers the circumstances of one institution's failure, and develops a provocative new interpretation of the shift from privately funded to state-funded science in France during the second half of the seventeenth century. Lux provides a rare view of the everyday concerns of seventeenth-century science as it was practiced by those other than the immortals of the Scientific Revolution. Patronage and Royal Science in Seventeenth-Century France will interest sociologists of science and philosophers of science as well as historians, particularly those who work on early modern science and scientific institutions and French cultural history.
Download or read book The Perraults written by Oded Rabinovitch and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Perraults, Oded Rabinovitch takes the fascinating eponymous literary and scientific family as an entry point into the complex and rapidly changing world of early modern France. Today, the Perraults are best remembered for their canonical fairy tales, such as "Cinderella" and "Puss in Boots," most often attributed to Charles Perrault, one of the brothers. While the writing of fairy tales may seem a frivolous enterprise, it was, in fact, linked to the cultural revolution of the seventeenth century, which paved the way for the scientific revolution, the rise of "national literatures," and the early Enlightenment. Rabinovitch argues that kinship networks played a crucial, yet unexamined, role in shaping the cultural and intellectual ferment of the day, which in turn shaped kinship and the social history of the family. Through skillful reconstruction of the Perraults’ careers and networks, Rabinovitch portrays the world of letters as a means of social mobility. He complicates our understanding of prominent institutions, such as the Academy of Sciences, Versailles, and the salons, as well as the very notions of authorship and court capitalism. The Perraults shows us that institutions were not simply rigid entities, embodying or defining intellectual or literary styles such as Cartesianism, empiricism, or the purity of the French language. Rather, they emerge as nodes that connect actors, intellectual projects, family strategies, and practices of writing.
Download or read book Conceptions of Change Over Time written by Jacques Montangero and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Courtiers Anatomists written by Anita Guerrini and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-05-27 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Courtiers Anatomists" is about dead bodies and live animals in Louis XIV s Paris. By exploring the practice of seventeenth-century anatomy, Anita Guerrini reveals how animals were central to collecting, describing, and classifyingnatural historyand how anatomy and natural history were linked through animal dissection and vivisection. She looks at the early modern animal project, and particularly at Joseph-Guichard Duverney and Claude Perrault, in the context of the court, the city of Paris, and burgeoning audiences for natural history. The Academy and the King s Garden were the two main sites in Paris for the performance of natural history, and much of the Scientific Revolution in France played itself out in these two public institutions. Fascinating stories are culled in "The Courtiers Anatomists" to explore the relationships between empiricism and theory, human and animal, the origins of the natural history museum and modern science, and the relationship between science and other cultural activities including art, music, and literature. This book will be warmly welcomed by historians of science, medicine, and France, as well as by early modernists and many others in the growing field of animal studies."
Download or read book Experiment Speculation and Religion in Early Modern Philosophy written by Alberto Vanzo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-11 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental philosophy was an exciting and extraordinarily successful development in the study of nature in the seventeenth century. Yet experimental philosophy was not without its critics and was far from the only natural philosophical method on the scene. In particular, experimental philosophy was contrasted with and set against speculative philosophy and, in some quarters, was accused of tending to irreligion. This volume brings together ten scholars of early modern philosophy, history and science in order to shed new light on the complex relations between experiment, speculation and religion in early modern Europe. The first six chapters of the book focus on the respective roles of experimental and speculative philosophy in individual seventeenth-century philosophers. They include Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle, Margaret Cavendish, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Isaac Newton. The next two chapters deal with the relation between experimental philosophy and religion with a special focus on hypotheses and natural religion. The penultimate chapter takes a broader European perspective and examines the paucity of concerns with religion among Italian natural philosophers of the period. Finally, the concluding chapter draws all these individuals and themes together to provide a critical appraisal of recent scholarship on experimental philosophy. This book is the first collection of essays on the subject of early modern experimental philosophy. It will appeal to scholars and students of early modern philosophy, science and religion.
Download or read book The Body as Object and Instrument of Knowledge written by Charles T. Wolfe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-07 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was in 1660s England, according to the received view, in the Royal Society of London, that science acquired the form of empirical enquiry we recognize as our own: an open, collaborative experimental practice, mediated by specially-designed instruments, supported by civil discourse, stressing accuracy and replicability. Guided by the philosophy of Francis Bacon, by Protestant ideas of this worldly benevolence, by gentlemanly codes of decorum and by a dominant interest in mechanics and the mechanical structure of the universe, the members of the Royal Society created a novel experimental practice that superseded former modes of empirical inquiry, from Aristotelian observations to alchemical experimentation. This volume focuses on the development of empiricism as an interest in the body – as both the object of research and the subject of experience. Re-embodying empiricism shifts the focus of interest to the ‘life sciences’; medicine, physiology, natural history. In fact, many of the active members of the Royal Society were physicians, and a significant number of those, disciples of William Harvey and through him, inheritors of the empirical anatomy practices developed in Padua during the 16th century. Indeed, the primary research interests of the early Royal Society were concentrated on the body, human and animal, and its functions much more than on mechanics. Similarly, the Académie des Sciences directly contradicted its self-imposed mandate to investigate Nature in mechanistic fashion, devoting a significant portion of its Mémoires to questions concerning life, reproduction and monsters, consulting empirical botanists, apothecaries and chemists, and keeping closer to experience than to the Cartesian standards of well-founded knowledge. These highlighted empirical studies of the body, were central in a workshop in the beginning of 2009 organized by the unit for History and Philosophy of Science in Sydney. The papers that were presented by some of the leading figures in this area are presented in this volume.
