Download or read book L estimation de L conomie Souterraine written by Mostafa Tahmasebi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much attention has been paid in recent years to the study of the underground economy in many developed and developing countries. The consequences and the policy implications linked with this ambiguous part of the economy have raised concerns among economists and governments that led to proposing various measures and estimation methods. It is not however easy to estimate accurately and precisely the size and trend of the underground economy due to its hidden nature. But, some techniques have been used by economists to directly and indirectly estimate the size of the underground economy.In this thesis, we have focused on the underground economy as a universal phenomenon having its unique and inescapable manifestation in the form of both legal and illegal activities. The main purpose of this thesis is to propose the fuzzy methods to measure the size and the amount of the underground economy.We first constructed a conceptual framework that allowed us to study the specifications of the underground economy. The common numerous estimation methods of the underground economy and their weaknesses and strengths were reviewed then. The basic conditions of applying the fuzzy concept and the initial conditions of the underground economy were investigated to see if they match. Since fuzzy modeling allows for rapid modeling even with imprecise and incomplete data and lets us to model non-linear functions of arbitrary complexity and achieve simplicity and flexibility, we were encouraged to apply fuzzy method.Two fuzzy methods were proposed to estimate the underground economy based on initial investigations during the period 1985-2010, including: the fuzzy modeling applying mean and standard deviation, the fuzzy modeling applying fuzzy clustering and Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (Structural Equation Modeling) with Fuzzy Data.Finally, the size of the underground economy was measured for France, Germany, Italy, USA and Canada and the results of these fuzzy methods were compared with other conventional methods. It can be claimed that the proposed methods in this work are qualitatively comparable to the common methods used to estimate the underground economy.

Download or read book L conomie Souterraine written by Pierre Lemieux and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book La Dimension de L conomie Souterraine Au Canada written by Statistique Canada. Direction du système de comptabilité nationale and published by Statistique Canada. This book was released on 1994 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book L conomie souterraine written by Pierre Pestieau and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Africa Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quarterly journal of the Council for the Development of Economic and Social Research in Africa = Revue trimestrielle du conseil pour le développement de la recherche economique et sociale en Afrique.

Download or read book Bulletin de L Institut International de Statistique written by International Statistical Institute and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recent Social Trends in Quebec 1960 1990 written by Simon Langlois and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1992-02-05 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers will follow an intense period of social change in Quebec, during which there was a remarkable increase in the level of modernization. They will note a massive entry of women into the labour force and a growing service sector that now constitutes seventy percent of all economic activity. They will observe also that the Québécois have dramatically increased their television viewing and that, while they express a generally high level of satisfaction with life, the Québécois must contend with escalating crime and suicide rates.

Download or read book Bank of Canada Review written by Bank of Canada and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Revue Roumaine Des Sciences conomiques written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Actes de la Session written by International Statistical Institute and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Key to Economic Science and Managerial Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semi-monthly review (with annual indexes) of abstracts on economics, finance, trade, industry, foreign aid, management, marketing, labour.

Download or read book The Hidden Enterprise Culture written by Colin C. Williams and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portraying how entrepreneurs often start out conducting some or all of their trade on an 'off-the-books' basis and how many continue to do so once they become established, this book provides the first detailed account of the vast and ubiquitous hidden enterprise culture existing in the interstices of western economies. Until now, the role of the underground economy in enterprise creation, entrepreneurship and small business development has been largely ignored despite its widespread prevalence and importance. In contrast to much of the previous literature that views the underground economy as low-paid, exploitative sweatshop work that should be deterred, this book takes a fresh, more positive perspective that considers the underground economy as a hidden enterprise culture. Colin C. Williams prescribes the means by which western governments can best harness this hidden culture of enterprise. He outlines detailed policy initiatives that seek to assist business ventures in setting up on a formal footing, and aim to encourage underground enterprises and entrepreneurs to make the transition into the realm of legitimacy. This book provides a lucid guide as to how the hidden culture of enterprise can be brought into the open. As such, it will prove invaluable to a wide-ranging audience including scholars and students of business studies, entrepreneurship, management, economics and regional science.

Download or read book Economic Titles abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Indicateurs conomiques Court Terme conomies en Transition written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economics of the Hidden Economy written by Friedrich Schneider and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cash in Hand Work written by C. Williams and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-07-03 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncovering how cash-in-hand economies are composed of not only the underground sector (work akin to formal employment conducted for profit-motivated purposes), but also a hidden economy of favours more akin to mutual aid, this book displays the need to transcend conventional market-oriented readings of cash-in-hand work and radically rethink whether seeking its eradication through tougher regulations is always appropriate. It argues for a variegated policy approach that recognizes these two distinct forms of cash-in-hand work and which tailors policy accordingly.

Download or read book Selected Water Problems in Islands and Coastal Areas written by Sam Stuart and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected Water Problems in Islands and Coastal Areas serves as a guideline for implementing, at the policy and decision-making level, the rational and economic use of water resources. This book focuses on groundwater management and the possible utilization of desalination facilities, specifically in arid or semi-arid coastal areas. Organized into five parts encompassing 63 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the forecasts of water supply requirements. This text then explores the necessary regulations of both surface and groundwater in coastal areas and islands with limited water resources. Other chapters consider the curative measures in the case of recurring salination by using artificial or increased natural infiltration. This book discusses as well the techniques to be used for artificial infiltration into aquifers using deep wells to avoid clogging. The final chapter deals with the problems of communal installations, water supply, drainage and waste disposal. This book is a valuable resource for engineers.