Download or read book L Espace physique entre math matiques et philosophie written by Marc Lachièze-rey and published by EDP Sciences. This book was released on 2023-11-21T00:00:00+01:00 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'espace de la relativité générale n'est pas celui de la physique quantique. L'espace de Newton n'est pas celui de Leibniz. L'espace d'Euclide n'est pas celui de Riemann, ou d'Alain Connes. Physiciens, philosophes, et mathématiciens n'ont cessé de discuter et de modifier la notion d'espace, d'en critiquer le statut et la pertinence : réalité ou illusion, objet physique ou entité métaphysique... ? Quelle signification philosophique peut-on accorder à l'espace et aux notions physiques qui lui sont liées, selon nos différentes théories physiques, contemporaines ou en gestation ? Quel présupposé philosophique y recouvre l'introduction de tel ou tel concept mathématique ? Ces questions ne sont ni purement académiques, ni surannées. Bien au contraire, leur pertinence sous-tend la recherche la plus actuelle en physique théorique. Le statut philosophique de l'espace physique reste indéterminé. Cet ouvrage (actes du colloque de Cargèse, 2001) y consacre ses réflexions, à la lumière de la physique la plus moderne.

Download or read book Philosophie des math matiques written by Jean-Michel Salanskis and published by Vrin. This book was released on 2008 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Réflexions sur les rapports et les limites entre philosophie et mathématique.

Download or read book Jeu d espace espace de jeu written by Pascal Bertin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Notre projet de recherche interroge le problème des rapports entre philosophie et mathématiques ; problème tout à fait prégnant et qui, s'il vient scander à l'envi toute l'histoire de ces deux procès, a cependant pris une inflexion particulière à partir de ce que l'on a appelé la "crise des fondements mathématiques" (crise survenue à la fin du 19ème siècle et qui s'est poursuivie durant la première moitié du 20ème siècle). Plus spécifiquement, ce projet ambitionne d'évaluer le rôle de spéculations de type philosophique dans l'élaboration de la topologie. Si nous avons opté pour cette dernière théorie en effet, c'est que, outre son intérêt intrinsèque (et qui tient notablement déjà à l'éclairage qu'elle apporte sur des notions philosophiquement très riches, en premier lieu celle de "continuité"), elle est également dépositaire, selon une modalité qu'il s'agit d'éclaircir, du fait que l'œuvre complète de ses fondateurs se caractérise par une abondante production philosophique. Nous pensons notamment ici à Hausdorff, qui est à l'origine de l'axiomatisation de la théorie, de la notion même d'"espace topologique", et dont le kanto-nietzschéisme est souvent source d'étonnement. Si nous avons en outre évoqué la période de crise des fondements mathématiques, c'est que l'élaboration de la topologie, bien qu'assez largement contemporaine et même en partie tributaire de celle-ci (au sens où les travaux cantoriens, sur les ensembles de points ou les ordinaux notamment, ont ouvert un champ de recherche dans lequel les premiers topologues se sont engouffrés), s'en distingue pourtant par ses orientations particulières. Bien plus qu'ils ne s'inscrivent dans le cadre fondationnaliste, les travaux de la topologie naissante se caractérisent en effet davantage par une réappropriation, selon des fins qui leur sont propres, d'un certain "bagage" technique fourni par -ou à l'origine de- la crise.La genèse de la topologie offre ainsi un éclairage original sur la question des modalités du dialogue entre philosophie et mathématiques. Et à cet égard le cas de Hausdorff, qui s'était créé, sous le nom de Paul Mongré, un double philosophe, poète et dramaturge, joue un rôle prépondérant -et fait proprement l'objet de notre étude. Ce dédoublement, qui explique en partie la ligne de démarcation tracée, dans l'œuvre générale, entre la production proprement mathématique et les spéculations philosophiques (les deux, bien qu'encore inédites en français, ayant d'ailleurs connu des postérités très différentes), pose bien le cadre d'un intriguant dialogue, à une seule voix, entre un nom fameux des mathématiques et son pseudonyme philosophique. Or, les thématiques chères à l'un et à l'autre s'avèrent souvent "connexes" : les réflexions, en lien avec la notion de "continuité", sur le temps, l'espace, ainsi que la conception (originale au moment de sa rédaction puisque "l'empirisme logique" est encore à venir) d'un formalisme comme élément d'un véritable empirisme, jouent manifestement un rôle constructif -mais à préciser en tant que tel -pour l'élaboration d'une topologie ensembliste. Dans l'autre sens, une conception des mathématiques comme outil critique pour la philosophie se dégage progressivement. Plus spécifiquement, certains textes, comme notamment le Raumproblem et les conférences de 1903-1904 (qui sont inédites), servent véritablement de point de jonction entre les deux "pans" de l'œuvre. Enfin, le positionnement original de Hausdorff relativement aux premiers questionnements ensemblistes a manifestement -en amont -des racines philosophiques et explique -en aval -que le mathématicien ait pu "tirer" la théorie cantorienne vers de nouvelles pistes.

Download or read book Espace Physique et Theologie Chez Newton written by Clemence Sadaillan and published by . This book was released on 2023-11-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Newtonian concept of space is usually reduced to the absolute space of the Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, its scientific functions at its time and the fact that it became obsolete by contemporary physics. This book analyses its sources and the reasons for its development.

Download or read book Math matiques physique m taphysique written by André Thayse and published by Editions Academia. This book was released on 2018 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'énigme essentielle à propos de l'Univers a été énoncée au dix-huitième siècle par le philosophe et mathématicien Gottfried Leibniz : Pourquoi y a-t-il quelque chose plutôt que rien? Question à laquelle la Modernité a ajouté : Qu'est-ce qui fait gravir à ce quelque chose les échelons de complexité? En Europe occidentale les deux traditions qui se sont penchées sur cette question sont celles de la Sagesse - religieuse et laïque - et des sciences exactes.00Après de nombreuses années de recherche en mathématiques et en informatique, l'auteur a enseigné la logique et l'intelligence artificielle à l'Université catholique de Louvain dont il est professeur émérite.

Download or read book From Riemann to Differential Geometry and Relativity written by Lizhen Ji and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-03 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the work of Bernhard Riemann and its impact on mathematics, philosophy and physics. It features contributions from a range of fields, historical expositions, and selected research articles that were motivated by Riemann’s ideas and demonstrate their timelessness. The editors are convinced of the tremendous value of going into Riemann’s work in depth, investigating his original ideas, integrating them into a broader perspective, and establishing ties with modern science and philosophy. Accordingly, the contributors to this volume are mathematicians, physicists, philosophers and historians of science. The book offers a unique resource for students and researchers in the fields of mathematics, physics and philosophy, historians of science, and more generally to a wide range of readers interested in the history of ideas.

Download or read book Understanding Space Time written by Robert DiSalle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-27 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the history of space-time physics, from Newton to Einstein, as a philosophical development DiSalle reflects our increasing understanding of the connections between ideas of space and time and our physical knowledge. He suggests that philosophy's greatest impact on physics has come about, less by the influence of philosophical hypotheses, than by the philosophical analysis of concepts of space, time and motion, and the roles they play in our assumptions about physical objects and physical measurements. This way of thinking leads to interpretations of the work of Newton and Einstein and the connections between them. It also offers ways of looking at old questions about a priori knowledge, the physical interpretation of mathematics, and the nature of conceptual change. Understanding Space-Time will interest readers in philosophy, history and philosophy of science, and physics, as well as readers interested in the relations between physics and philosophy.

Download or read book Mathematics Ideas and the Physical Real written by Albert Lautman and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-06-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Albert Lautman (1908-1944) was a French philosopher of mathematics whose work played a crucial role in the history of contemporary French philosophy. His ideas have had an enormous influence on key contemporary thinkers including Gilles Deleuze and Alain Badiou, for whom he is a major touchstone in the development of their own engagements with mathematics. Mathematics, Ideas and the Physical Real presents the first English translation of Lautman's published works between 1933 and his death in 1944. Rather than being preoccupied with the relation of mathematics to logic or with the problems of foundation, which have dominated philosophical reflection on mathematics, Lautman undertakes to develop an understanding of the broader structure of mathematics and its evolution. The two powerful ideas that are constants throughout his work, and which have dominated subsequent developments in mathematics, are the concept of mathematical structure and the idea of the essential unity underlying the apparent multiplicity of mathematical disciplines. This collection of his major writings offers readers a much-needed insight into his influence on the development of mathematics and philosophy.

Download or read book Fashionable Nonsense written by Alan Sokal and published by Picador. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1996 physicist Alan Sokal published an essay in Social Text--an influential academic journal of cultural studies--touting the deep similarities between quantum gravitational theory and postmodern philosophy. Soon thereafter, the essay was revealed as a brilliant parody, a catalog of nonsense written in the cutting-edge but impenetrable lingo of postmodern theorists. The event sparked a furious debate in academic circles and made the headlines of newspapers in the U.S. and abroad. In Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science, Sokal and his fellow physicist Jean Bricmont expand from where the hoax left off. In a delightfully witty and clear voice, the two thoughtfully and thoroughly dismantle the pseudo-scientific writings of some of the most fashionable French and American intellectuals. More generally, they challenge the widespread notion that scientific theories are mere "narrations" or social constructions.

Download or read book The Mechanization of Natural Philosophy written by Sophie Roux and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mechanisation of Natural Philosophy is devoted to various aspects of the transformation of natural philosophy during the 16th and 17th centuries that is usually described as mechanical philosophy . Drawing the border between the old Aristotelianism and the « new » mechanical philosophy faces historians with a delicate task, if not an impossible mission. There were many natural philosophers who actually crossed the border between the two worlds, and, inside each of these worlds, there was a vast spectrum of doctrines, arguments and intellectual practices. The expression mechanical philosophy is burdened with ambiguities. It may refer to at least three different enterprises: a description of nature in mathematical terms; the comparison of natural phenomena to existing or imaginary machines; the use in natural philosophy of mechanical analogies, i.e. analogies conceived in terms of matter and motion alone.However mechanical philosophy is defined, its ambition was greater than its real successes. There were few mathematisations of phenomena. The machines of mechanical philosophers were not only imaginary, but had little to do with the machines of mecanicians. In most of the natural sciences, analogies in terms of matter and motion alone failed to provide satisfactory accounts of phenomena.By the same authors: Mechanics and Natural Philosophy before the Scientific Revolution (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 254).

Download or read book Leonhard Euler written by Robert E. Bradley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-20 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 2007 marks the 300th anniversary of the birth of one of the Enlightenment's most important mathematicians and scientists, Leonhard Euler. This volume is a collection of 24 essays by some of the world's best Eulerian scholars from seven different countries about Euler, his life and his work. Some of the essays are historical, including much previously unknown information about Euler's life, his activities in the St. Petersburg Academy, the influence of the Russian Princess Dashkova, and Euler's philosophy. Others describe his influence on the subsequent growth of European mathematics and physics in the 19th century. Still others give technical details of Euler's innovations in probability, number theory, geometry, analysis, astronomy, mechanics and other fields of mathematics and science.- Over 20 essays by some of the best historians of mathematics and science, including Ronald Calinger, Peter Hoffmann, Curtis Wilson, Kim Plofker, Victor Katz, Ruediger Thiele, David Richeson, Robin Wilson, Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Karin Reich- New details of Euler's life in two essays, one by Ronald Calinger and one he co-authored with Elena Polyakhova- New information on Euler's work in differential geometry, series, mechanics, and other important topics including his influence in the early 19th century

Download or read book What Is Philosophy written by Gilles Deleuze and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1996-05-23 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Called by many France's foremost philosopher, Gilles Deleuze is one of the leading thinkers in the Western World. His acclaimed works and celebrated collaborations with Félix Guattari have established him as a seminal figure in the fields of literary criticism and philosophy. The long-awaited publication of What Is Philosophy? in English marks the culmination of Deleuze's career. Deleuze and Guattari differentiate between philosophy, science, and the arts, seeing as means of confronting chaos, and challenge the common view that philosophy is an extension of logic. The authors also discuss the similarities and distinctions between creative and philosophical writing. Fresh anecdotes from the history of philosophy illuminate the book, along with engaging discussions of composers, painters, writers, and architects. A milestone in Deleuze's collaboration with Guattari, What Is Philosophy? brings a new perspective to Deleuze's studies of cinema, painting, and music, while setting a brilliant capstone upon his work.

Download or read book An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry written by Bertrand Russell and published by . This book was released on 1897 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Mathematical Writings of variste Galois written by Évariste Galois and published by European Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2011 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before he died at the age of twenty, shot in a mysterious early-morning duel at the end of May 1832, Evariste Galois created mathematics that changed the direction of algebra. This book contains English translations of almost all the Galois material. The translations are presented alongside a new transcription of the original French and are enhanced by three levels of commentary. An introduction explains the context of Galois' work, the various publications in which it appears, and the vagaries of his manuscripts. Then there is a chapter in which the five mathematical articles published in his lifetime are reprinted. After that come the testamentary letter and the first memoir (in which Galois expounded on the ideas that led to Galois Theory), which are the most famous of the manuscripts. These are followed by the second memoir and other lesser known manuscripts. This book makes available to a wide mathematical and historical readership some of the most exciting mathematics of the first half of the nineteenth century, presented in its original form. The primary aim is to establish a text of what Galois wrote. The details of what he did, the proper evidence of his genius, deserve to be well understood and appreciated by mathematicians as well as historians of mathematics.

Download or read book Quantum Mechanics Volume 3 written by Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new, third volume of Cohen-Tannoudji's groundbreaking textbook covers advanced topics of quantum mechanics such as uncorrelated and correlated identical particles, the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field, absorption, emission and scattering of photons by atoms, and quantum entanglement. Written in a didactically unrivalled manner, the textbook explains the fundamental concepts in seven chapters which are elaborated in accompanying complements that provide more detailed discussions, examples and applications. * Completing the success story: the third and final volume of the quantum mechanics textbook written by 1997 Nobel laureate Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues Bernard Diu and Franck Laloë * As easily comprehensible as possible: all steps of the physical background and its mathematical representation are spelled out explicitly * Comprehensive: in addition to the fundamentals themselves, the books comes with a wealth of elaborately explained examples and applications Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris where he also studied and received his PhD in 1962. In 1973 he became Professor of atomic and molecular physics at the Collège des France. His main research interests were optical pumping, quantum optics and atom-photon interactions. In 1997, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, together with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms. Bernard Diu was Professor at the Denis Diderot University (Paris VII). He was engaged in research at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energy where his focus was on strong interactions physics and statistical mechanics. Franck Laloë was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. His first assignment was with the University of Paris VI before he was appointed to the CNRS, the French National Research Center. His research was focused on optical pumping, statistical mechanics of quantum gases, musical acoustics and the foundations of quantum mechanics.

Download or read book De Sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco in the Early Modern Period written by Matteo Valleriani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book explores commentaries on an influential text of pre-Copernican astronomy in Europe. It features essays that take a close look at key intellectuals and how they engaged with the main ideas of this qualitative introduction to geocentric cosmology. Johannes de Sacrobosco compiled his Tractatus de sphaera during the thirteenth century in the frame of his teaching activities at the then recently founded University of Paris. It soon became a mandatory text all over Europe. As a result, a tradition of commentaries to the text was soon established and flourished until the second half of the 17th century. Here, readers will find an informative overview of these commentaries complete with a rich context. The essays explore the educational and social backgrounds of the writers. They also detail how their careers developed after the publication of their commentaries, the institutions and patrons they were affiliated with, what their agenda was, and whether and how they actually accomplished it. The editor of this collection considers these scientific commentaries as genuine scientific works. The contributors investigate them here not only in reference to the work on which it comments but also, and especially, as independent scientific contributions that are socially, institutionally, and intellectually contextualized around their authors.

Download or read book The Concept and the Role of the Model in Mathematics and Natural and Social Sciences written by Hans Freudenthal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Colloquium sponsored by the Division of Philosophy of Sciences of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Sciences organized at Utrecht, January 1960.