Download or read book The Cistercian Evolution written by Constance Hoffman Berman and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2010-08-03 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the received history, the Cistercian order was founded in Cîteaux, France, in 1098 by a group of Benedictine monks who wished for a stricter community. They sought a monastic life that called for extreme asceticism, rejection of feudal revenues, and manual labor for monks. Their third leader, Stephen Harding, issued a constitution, the Carta Caritatis, that called for the uniformity of custom in all Cistercian monasteries and the establishment of an annual general chapter meeting at Cîteaux. The Cistercian order grew phenomenally in the mid-twelfth century, reaching beyond France to Portugal in the west, Sweden in the north, and the eastern Mediterranean, ostensibly through a process of apostolic gestation, whereby members of a motherhouse would go forth to establish a new house. The abbey at Clairvaux, founded by Bernard in 1115, was alone responsible for founding 68 of the 338 Cistercian abbeys in existence by 1153. But this well-established view of a centrally organized order whose founders envisioned the shape and form of a religious order at its prime is not borne out in the historical record. Through an investigation of early Cistercian documents, Constance Hoffman Berman proves that no reliable reference to Stephen's Carta Caritatis appears before the mid-twelfth century, and that the document is more likely to date from 1165 than from 1119. The implications of this fact are profound. Instead of being a charter by which more than 300 Cistercian houses were set up by a central authority, the document becomes a means of bringing under centralized administrative control a large number of loosely affiliated and already existing monastic houses of monks as well as nuns who shared Cistercian customs. The likely reason for this administrative structuring was to check the influence of the overdominant house of Clairvaux, which threatened the authority of Cîteaux through Bernard's highly successful creation of new monastic communities. For centuries the growth of the Cistercian order has been presented as a spontaneous spirituality that swept western Europe through the power of the first house at Cîteaux. Berman suggests instead that the creation of the religious order was a collaborative activity, less driven by centralized institutions; its formation was intended to solve practical problems about monastic administration. With the publication of The Cistercian Evolution, for the first time the mechanisms are revealed by which the monks of Cîteaux reshaped fact to build and administer one of the most powerful and influential religious orders of the Middle Ages.

Download or read book Studies in Cistercian Art and Architecture written by Meredith P. Lillich and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ACi written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Index to Periodicals written by and published by . This book was released on 1931 with total page 1222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book M langes offerts Ren Crozet written by Pierre Gallais and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analecta Sacri Ordinis Cisterciensis written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encyclopedia of World Art written by Bernard S. Myers and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 1002 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subject matter consists of representational arts in the broadest sense, architecture, sculpture, painting, and other man-made objects with no limits as to time, place, or cultural environment.

Download or read book Scriptorium written by Centre d'études des manuscrits (Brussels, Belgium) and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book French Gothic Architecture of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries written by Jean Bony and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gothic architecture is the most visible and striking product of medieval European civilization. Jean Bony, whose reputation as a medievalist is worldwide, presents its development as an adventure of the imagination allied with radical technical advances—the result of a continuining quest for new ways of handling space and light as well as experimenting with the mechanics of stone construction. He shows how the new architecture came unexpectedly to be invented in the Paris region around 1140 and follows its history—in the great cathedrals of northern France and dozens of other key buildings—to the end of the thirteenth century, when profound changes occurred in the whole fabric of medieval civilization. Rich illustrations, including comprehensive maps, enhance the text and themselves constitute an exceptionally valuable documenation. Despite its evident scholarly intention, this book is not meant for specialists alone, but is conceived as a progressive infiltration into the complexities of history at work, revealing its unpredictable vitality to the uninitiated curious mind.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of World Art Games and toys to Greece written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book How France Built Her Cathedrals written by Elizabeth Boyle O'Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book C teaux written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book How France Built Her Cathedrals A Study in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries written by Elizabeth Boyle O'Reilly and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-08-01 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DigiCat Publishing presents to you this special edition of "How France Built Her Cathedrals: A Study in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries" by Elizabeth Boyle O'Reilly. DigiCat Publishing considers every written word to be a legacy of humankind. Every DigiCat book has been carefully reproduced for republishing in a new modern format. The books are available in print, as well as ebooks. DigiCat hopes you will treat this work with the acknowledgment and passion it deserves as a classic of world literature.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of World Art Shamanism to Terror and the Malign written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reader s Guide to Periodical Literature Supplement written by and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Codex Fern ndez Leal written by John Barr Tompkins and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture written by Colum Hourihane and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 4064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers unparalleled coverage of all aspects of art and architecture from medieval Western Europe, from the 6th century to the early 16th century. Drawing upon the expansive scholarship in the celebrated 'Grove Dictionary of Art' and adding hundreds of new entries, it offers students, researchers and the general public a reliable, up-to-date, and convenient resource covering this field of major importance in the development of Western history and international art and architecture.