Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review Policy Notes written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current approach to fiscal policy is delivering suboptimal outcomes for the citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic. The past five years have been difficult for the Kyrgyz Republic, with one shock following another. Government spending ballooned to 39 percent of GDP in 2012 one of the highest ratios among developing countries globally, as the authorities tried to mitigate the shocks. However, despite increases in spending, the quality of health services remains poor; above 80 percent of 15 year-olds are classified as illiterate; wages in the public sector are low; and only 6 percent of social assistance reaches the poorest members of society. In addition, risks are mounting in the pension system, few instruments exist to support the vulnerable and the physical capital stock is depreciating, especially in the energy sector. This Public Expenditure Review (PER) focuses on the effectiveness, level, and composition of public spending in number of sectors. The objective of this synthesis note is to better understand the overall environment for fiscal policy as well as the nature and composition of public revenues and expenditures. The sectoral policy notes review the challenges and options in specific sectors, namely, education, health, pensions, social protection, and energy as well as cross-cutting themes such as the wage-bill and public investment management and intergovernmental relations. While more detailed sector-specific recommendations are contained in the sectoral policy notes, more general recommendations on fiscal policy will also contribute to sustainable fiscal consolidation.
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review Policy Notes written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review Policy Notes written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review written by Weltbankgruppe and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kyrgyz Republic economy has been hit hard by the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, putting at risk the development progress achieved in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has added substantial pressures on the country's fiscal space for investing in human capital. The pandemic has eroded the Kyrgyz Republic's recent gain in human capital development. Education and health are critical factors for improving human capital and sustaining inclusive economic growth and development. The Kyrgyz Republic has continued prioritizing education and social protection as its development priority. This report, phase 2 of the programmatic public expenditure review (PER2), aims to assist the government of the Kyrgyz Republic in identifying key constraints to efficient and effective public spending and policy options for improvements in three areas: education, health, and pensions, which have become more pressing post-COVID-19. Ensuring effective and sustainable pension system may help to safeguard human capital. Hence, ensuring adequacy, effective, and efficient spending in education, health, and pensions are critical to close Kyrgyz's human capital gaps. To this end, PER1 identified critical areas to increase fiscal space for development priorities including investing in human capital including curtailing the growth of public wages while reducing tax expenditures and the large energy subsidies and quasi-fiscal deficits.
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review written by Weltbankgruppe and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Public Expenditure Review (PER) of the Kyrgyz Republic is part of the programmatic PER, which aims to help the government strengthen macro-fiscal policies and enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of public spending. To this end, this PER builds on progresses made since 2014 PER and identifies further areas for improvement. It also identifies efficiency-enhancing fiscal measures that can help create the much-needed fiscal space to meet the country's competing development needs in addressing human capital and infrastructure gaps. This PER-1 (phase 1 of the PER) focuses on macro-fiscal and overarching public expenditure management and cross-cutting policy issues by examining the country's: (1) stance of fiscal policy, (2) public expenditure management, (3) tax policy and administration, (4) fiscal and quasi-fiscal operations of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), (5) inter-governmental transfers and subnational finances, and (6) wage bill management. Phase 2 of the PER focused on efficiency and effectiveness issues in health, education, and sustainability of the pension system.
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review Policy Notes written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intergovernmental fiscal relations have advanced over the last decade in the Kyrgyz Republic. Since the previous public expenditure review in 2004, the government of the Kyrgyz Republic has developed a number of policy changes in the area of intergovernmental fiscal relations. These policy changes helped the country to introduce a more transparent and equitable system of local government financing. Still, effective decentralization continues to face challenges. A set of policy recommendations for the government to consider are designed to clarify the role of local government and provide better incentives for improved service delivery. These are based on a review of the four pillars of intergovernmental fiscal relations in Kyrgyz Republic: (i) the expenditure assignment (of who does what); (ii) revenue assignment (with what resources) assignment; (iii) the system of transfers; and (iv) borrowing. In this context, the report is structured as follows: section one gives executive summary. Section two provides a brief description of the institutional context in terms of the structure of government and the elements of political and administrative decentralization. Section three analyzes the delineation of expenditure responsibilities among government tiers. Section four analyzes revenue sources assigned to each tier of government. Section five focuses on the system of intergovernmental transfers. Section six examines subnational public investments and borrowing. In each of these sections main issues and problems are identified in the current system and the desired directions for reform are pointed out.
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kyrgyz Republic suffered severe shocks during the early years of independence, loosing its traditional markets in the Former Soviet Union republics, as well as substantial transfers and subsidies from the Soviet Union, that included a falling GDP during the first five years of transition. These circumstances prompted the Kyrgyz Republic to adopt a wide range of reforms to accelerate the transition to a market economy, emphasizing price and trade liberalization, and the shift of ownership of state assets to the private sector, including land, and most state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Since the mid-l990s, the economy has shown steady signs of recovery. Despite these favorable developments, the Kyrgyz Republic remains the second poorest of the FSU republics, and one of the poorest countries in the world. Absolute poverty affected about half of the population in spite of progress made in 2001, and, although poverty is highest in rural areas, there are large regional disparities, where transient poverty is high as a result of high consumption volatility. Access to public services such as water and sewerage, electricity, district heating, and telecommunication services, is very low. This Public Expenditure Review (PER) has sought to provide a strategic framework for fiscal adjustment and public expenditure reform, consistent with the government's objectives for accelerated growth and poverty reduction. The broad contours o f the strategy are: To stabilize the government's finances through stronger revenue, and expenditure management instruments and institutions, as well as through debt relief; to re-align sector policies with the most essential country priorities, with a general thrust toward improving targeted, and efficient use of resources in both social and public infrastructure sectors; to revamp the public administration to improve policy implementation and service delivery; and, to secure external financial support. Given the fragile external debt situation and the extent of poverty, priority has to be given to fiscal adjustment and the expenditure reform agenda. Government performance needs to be monitored, particularly at the grass roots levels, through systematic diagnoses of institutional problems, and through quantitative performance indicators, to monitor progress and competition in public service delivery.
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kyrgyz Republic suffered severe shocks during the early years of independence, loosing its traditional markets in the Former Soviet Union republics, as well as substantial transfers and subsidies from the Soviet Union, that included a falling GDP during the first five years of transition. These circumstances prompted the Kyrgyz Republic to adopt a wide range of reforms to accelerate the transition to a market economy, emphasizing price and trade liberalization, and the shift of ownership of state assets to the private sector, including land, and most state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Since the mid-l990s, the economy has shown steady signs of recovery. Despite these favorable developments, the Kyrgyz Republic remains the second poorest of the FSU republics, and one of the poorest countries in the world. Absolute poverty affected about half of the population in spite of progress made in 2001, and, although poverty is highest in rural areas, there are large regional disparities, where transient poverty is high as a result of high consumption volatility. Access to public services such as water and sewerage, electricity, district heating, and telecommunication services, is very low. This Public Expenditure Review (PER) has sought to provide a strategic framework for fiscal adjustment and public expenditure reform, consistent with the government's objectives for accelerated growth and poverty reduction. The broad contours o f the strategy are: To stabilize the government's finances through stronger revenue, and expenditure management instruments and institutions, as well as through debt relief; to re-align sector policies with the most essential country priorities, with a general thrust toward improving targeted, and efficient use of resources in both social and public infrastructure sectors; to revamp the public administration to improve policy implementation and service delivery; and, to secure external financial support. Given the fragile external debt situation and the extent of poverty, priority has to be given to fiscal adjustment and the expenditure reform agenda. Government performance needs to be monitored, particularly at the grass roots levels, through systematic diagnoses of institutional problems, and through quantitative performance indicators, to monitor progress and competition in public service delivery.
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review Policy Notes written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades the Kyrgyz Republic implemented important health financing and organization reforms. Compared to other former Soviet republics and other low-income countries, the Kyrgyz Republic shows good results in term of health outcomes, access to health services, and financial protection. Life expectancy exceeds that of several of the most prosperous former Soviet republics, including Russia. Infant and under-5 mortality rates were halved between 1990 and 2010. More than 98 percent of births are attended by skilled health staff and children immunization rates exceed 90 percent. Utilization of both hospital and outpatient health services are quite equal across income groups. Overall distribution of public health spending is slightly pro-poor. The Kyrgyz health system shows low incidence of catastrophic and impoverishing out-of pocket spending for health care.
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review Policy Notes written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Restraining the growing wage bill expenditures while enhancing the performance of the public sector remains one of the government's major development priorities. Wage bill levels in the Kyrgyz Republic are high compared to the majority of Europe and Central Asia (ECA) countries, constituting almost one third of government expenditures. Over the last few years, the government has undertaken important steps towards enhancing pay systems and improving competitiveness of pay in public health and education sectors accounting for almost 66 percent of the wage bill. The Kyrgyz Republic confronts the need to restrain its public wage bill as part of its mid-term fiscal strategy, as well as the need to improve the performance of the public sector. The analysis, undertaken in this policy note, suggests that the government should consider the following measures and reforms: improve predictability of the wage bill and avoid further ad hoc increase in wages; moderate and gradual consolidation of employment; any increase of the base pay elements has to be linked to modest and gradual consolidation of public sector employment, and should be limited to inflation as needed; establishment controls need to be strengthened through sound monitoring of the number of employees and payroll in all parts of the public sector; and civil service pay reform has to be undertaken with a unified pay system, gradually introduced at all levels of the government. This note discusses public sector wage management in the Kyrgyz Republic, by analyzing wage bill expenditure levels over the last decade with a closer examination of dynamics in 2008-2011.
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review Policy Notes written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note proposes a reform agenda to address the challenges facing the system of social assistance This will require: i) a progressive shift of public expenditure toward pro-poor programs; ii) improving coherence and complementarity among social protection programs, and iii) making social assistance programs more inclusive and responsive. The structure of this chapter is as follows. The next two sections provide an overview of poverty and the composition and trends in non-contributory social protection expenditure in the Kyrgyz Republic. The fourth section looks at performance of the social assistance expenditure in the Kyrgyz Republic and shows that while spending has increased significantly in recent years, its performance in terms of coverage and targeting of the poor, as well as in terms of its impact on poverty remains modest. Other issues, which are important to take into account in the process of improving effectiveness of social assistance expenditure, are discussed in the following section. The last section concludes by summarizing key challenges and proposing recommendations for system reform, as well as areas requiring further research and analysis.
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review Policy Notes written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kyrgyz Republic has seen a rapid expansion of public spending on education in recent years, yet the sector continues to be plagued by a number of challenges. Efficiency of spending is low across the education system, and sustainability of sector financing is threatened by large outlays on wages following rapid wage growth during 2010-2012 and high shares of resources going toward food and utility costs. Lack of investment in the necessary teaching and learning materials contributes to low education quality, with over 80 percent of 15 year olds scoring at "functionally illiterate" levels in the 2009 PISA assessment. Coverage remains low in pre-primary education, while equity of education service provision varies widely across localities and social groups. The practices surrounding education sector governance could also be improved and brought in line with international standards. This chapter is composed of six sections. Section two presents an overview of the Kyrgyz education sector, covering its structure and governance, demand for education services, and recent spending trends. Section three discusses disparities in access, quality, and public spending across localities and social groups. Section four analyzes the efficiency and sustainability of education sector spending. Section five looks at determinants of education quality and options for their improvement. Section six concludes and offers concrete policy recommendations for sector reform.
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review Policy Notes written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weaknesses in the public investment management (PIM) system may limit the gains from higher public sector investments in the Kyrgyz Republic. Capital spending has averaged 6.4 percent of GDP since 2010, up from 4.6 percent of GDP between 2005 and 2009, with significant investment in the energy sector and roads. Still, it remains unclear to what extent these investment decisions reflect the country's and sector priorities. Few projects, with the exception of donor-financed projects are subject to rigorous appraisal and there is no systematic procedure in place to monitor implementation progress. As a result, projects are often delayed or stalled and cost over-runs are frequent. Donor-financed projects, which comprise the bulk of public investment, are subject to relatively more rigorous project cycle management; however, they too face some of the same weaknesses. The rest of the note is structured as follows: section two provides a diagnosis of the public investment portfolio, including the structure of expenditures, the quality of the data, and a quantitative assessment of the efficacy and effectiveness of the public investment portfolio. The assessment builds on previous work on public investment in the Kyrgyz Republic, in particular the Public Investment Diagnostic undertaken in 2012 under the Capacity Building in Economic Management (CBEM) project. Section three reviews the institutional and administrative framework of PIM in Kyrgyz Republic. This draws largely from the draft Investment Diagnostic Report prepared in December 2012 using the eight key 'must-have' features of a well-functioning public investments framework proposed in Rajaram et.al. (2011). Finally, section four includes a summary of the findings and detailed recommendations on improving PIM.
Download or read book Kyrgyz Republic Public Expenditure Review Policy Notes written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, the Kyrgyz pension system plays a major role in poverty alleviation of the elderly but this role is diminishing fast due to low coverage of working age population. The system currently provides pensions to more than 90 percent of the population over age 65 thus being a significant buffer against poverty. Over time, though, the poverty reduction effect of the pension system is expected to weaken substantially as the current low coverage rates among the working age population translate into much lower coverage rates of about only 60 percent for the future old age population. As a result, poverty rates among the old-age population will grow and government spending on social pensions will increase dramatically. The structure of this chapter is as follows. The next section provides an overview of the current pension system and the main issues facing it. Section three presents the results of the financial projections for the current system assuming a no-reform scenario and the implications of doing nothing on the finances of the Social Fund, the cost to the government and the expected benefits (baseline projections). Section four considers several broad reform options and their impact with respect to the financial sustainability and affordability of the system as well as adequacy of benefits. Section five outlines the issues remaining beyond the scope of this study which require further analysis. Annex one summarizes the main parameters of the current pension system and annexes two provides a brief description of the main assumptions used in the projections and the projection methodology. The diagnosis of the current system and the evaluation of the reform options presented in this chapter are based on the simulations produced with the World Bank Pension Reform Options Simulation Toolkit (PROST) model.
Download or read book Country Economic Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
