Download or read book Kinetics of Fe II catalyzed Transformation of 6 line Ferrihydrite Under Anaerobic Flow Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 5469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The readsorption of ferrous ions produced by the abiotic and microbially-mediated reductive dissolution of iron oxy-hydroxides drives a series of transformations of the host minerals. To further understand the mechanisms by which these transformations occur and their kinetics within a microporous flow environment, flow-through experiments were conducted in which capillary tubes packed with ferrihydrite-coated glass spheres were injected with inorganic Fe(II) solutions under circumneutral pH conditions at 25 C. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to identify the secondary phase(s) formed and to provide data for quantitative kinetic analysis. At concentrations at and above 1.8 mM Fe(II) in the injection solution, magnetite was the only secondary phase formed (no intermediates were detected), with complete transformation following a nonlinear rate law requiring 28 hours and 150 hours of reaction at 18 and 1.8 mM Fe(II), respectively. However, when the injection solution consisted of 0.36 mM Fe(II), goethite was the predominant reaction product and formed much more slowly according to a linear rate law, while only minor magnetite was formed. When the rates are normalized based on the time to react half of the ferrihydrite on a reduced time plot, it is apparent that the 1.8 mM and 18 mM input Fe(II) experiments can be described by the same reaction mechanism, while the 0.36 input Fe(II) experiment is distinct. The analysis of the transformation kinetics suggest that the transformations involved an electron transfer reaction between the aqueous as well as sorbed Fe(II) and ferrihydrite acting as a semiconductor, rather than a simple dissolution and recrystallization mechanism. A transformation mechanism involving sorbed inner sphere Fe(II) alone is not supported, since the essentially equal coverage of sorption sites in the 18 mM and 1.8 mM Fe(II) injections cannot explain the difference in the transformation rates observed.
Download or read book Issues in Environmental Economics Engineering and Technology 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 1278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Environmental Economics, Engineering, and Technology: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Environmental Economics, Engineering, and Technology. The editors have built Issues in Environmental Economics, Engineering, and Technology: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Environmental Economics, Engineering, and Technology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Environmental Economics, Engineering, and Technology: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Iron Oxides written by Damien Faivre and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-12 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiling all the information available on the topic, this ready reference covers all important aspects of iron oxides. Following a preliminary overview chapter discussing iron oxide minerals along with their unique structures and properties, the text goes on to deal with the formation and transformation of iron oxides, covering geological, synthetic, and biological formation, as well as various physicochemical aspects. Subsequent chapters are devoted to characterization techniques, with a special focus on X-ray-based methods, magnetic measurements, and electron microscopy alongside such traditional methods as IR/Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The final section mainly concerns exciting new applications of magnetic iron oxides, for example in medicine as microswimmers or as water filtration systems, while more conventional uses as pigments or in biology for magnetoreception illustrate the full potential. A must-read for anyone working in the field.
Download or read book Iron Geochemistry An Isotopic Perspective written by Clark Johnson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive summary of research to date in the field of stable iron isotope geochemistry. Since research began in this field 20 years ago, the field has grown to become one of the major research fields in "non-traditional" stable isotope geochemistry. This book reviews all aspects of the field, from low-temperature to high-temperature processes, biological processes, and cosmochemical processes. It provides a detailed history and state-of-the art summary about analytical methods to determine Fe-isotope ratios and discusses analytical and sample prospects.
Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanostructures Chemistry written by Jean-Pierre Jolivet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This much-anticipated new edition of Jolivet's work builds on the edition published in 2000. It is entirely updated, restructured and increased in content. The book focuses on the formation by techniques of green chemistry of oxide nanoparticles having a technological interest. Jolivet introduces the most recent concepts and modelings such as dynamics of particle growth, ordered aggregation, ionic and electronic interfacial transfers. A general view of the metal hydroxides, oxy-hydroxides and oxides through the periodic table is given, highlighting the influence of the synthesis conditions on crystalline structure, size and morphology of nanoparticles. The formation of aluminum, iron, titanium, manganese and zirconium oxides are specifically studied. These nanomaterials have a special interest in many technological fields such as ceramic powders, catalysis and photocatalysis, colored pigments, polymers, cosmetics and also in some biological or environmental phenomena.
Download or read book Mechanism and Kinetics of Fe II EDTANO Reduction by Iron Powder Under Anaerobic Condition written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electro Fenton Process written by Minghua Zhou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-25 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses the theoretical fundamentals and potential applications of the original electro-Fenton (EF) process and its most innovative and promising versions, all of which are classified as electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. It consists of 15 chapters that review the latest advances and trends, material selection, reaction and reactor modeling and EF scale-up. It particularly focuses on the applications of EF process in the treatment of toxic and persistent organic pollutants in water and soil, showing highly efficient removal for both lab-scale and pre-pilot setups. Indeed, the EF technology is now mature enough to be brought to market, and this collection of contributions from leading experts in the field constitutes a timely milestone for scientists and engineers.
Download or read book Fe II catalyzed Transformation of Ferrihydrite Associated with Natural Organic Matter written by Zhe Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The association between natural organic matter (NOM) and iron (Fe) minerals was widely found in soil and sediments and has been shown to impact the fate of Fe minerals and NOM. Ferrihydrite, a ubiquitous Fe mineral, serves as important sink for NOM and rapidly transforms to secondary Fe minerals in the presence of Fe(II). The associated NOM has been found to influence the Fe(II)-catalyzed ferrihydrite transformation pathway, but it remains unclear how various NOM affects this transformation and the implication. This study specifically investigates how different species of NOM affect Fe(II)-catalyzed ferrihydrite transformation under different C/Fe ratios. A series of Fe isotope tracer experiments were conducted to measure Fe atom exchange and electron transfer between aqueous Fe(II) and ferrihydrite in the presence of diverse NOM species. The fate of Ni during Fe(II)-catalyzed transformation of NOM-Fh coprecipitate was also investigated. Ferrihydrite was found less susceptible to Fe(II)-catalyzed transformation with increasing C/Fe ratio and fulvic acids and Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) in the coprecipitates need lower C/Fe ratio than humic acids to completely inhibit formation of secondary Fe minerals. At C/Fe ratios where ferrihydrite transformed to secondary minerals, goethite was dominant in ferrihydrite coprecipitated with humic acids, whereas lepidocrocite was favored in ferrihydrite coprecipitated with fulvic acids and SRNOM. Adsorbed SRNOM may be more inhibitive than coprecipitated SRNOM on Fe(II)-catalyzed ferrihydrite transformation under similar C/Fe ratios. Despite no secondary mineral transformation at high C/Fe ratios, Mössbauer spectra indicated electron transfer still occurred between Fe(II) and ferrihydrite coprecipitated with fulvic acid and SRNOM. In addition, isotope tracer experiments revealed that a significant fraction of structural Fe(III) in the ferrihydrite mixed with the aqueous phase Fe(II) (~85%).
Download or read book Effects of Carbon During Fe II catalyzed Fe Oxide Recrystallization written by Timothy Stephen Pasakarnis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lack of interference by organic carbon indicates that Fe(II)-catalyzed Fe oxide recrystallization is likely to be relevant throughout a wide range of environments, and represents a significant process with regards to the geochemical cycling of Fe atoms, a claim supported by evidence of Fe(II)-driven isotope mixing in real soils. The movement of atoms during Fe(II)-catalyzed Fe oxide recrystallization is not limited to just Fe however. Multiple trace elements have been shown to exchange between the aqueous and solid phases along with Fe during the Fe(II)-catalyzed recrystallization of Fe oxides. The effect of organic carbon, both sorbed to the oxide surface and coprecipitated with the oxide, on Fe(II)-catalyzed atom exchange and transformation of ferrihydrite was studied. Again, the presence of organic carbon did not appear to influence Fe atom exchange kinetics. It also did not appear to influence the rapid transformation of ferrihydrite to lepidocrocite. The presence of organic carbon does appear to ultimately have implications for mineral transformation, as over longer time periods it stabilized lepidocrocite, preventing its subsequent transformation to magnetite or goethite.
Download or read book Iron Oxides in the Laboratory written by Udo Schwertmann and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 1991-03-06 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents reliable, well-tested, up-to-date methods of synthesizing the major iron oxides. Such a collection is invaluable since iron oxides play an important role in numerous disciplines, including chemistry, soil science, medicine, corrosion science and aquatic and environmental chemistry. The emphasis is on techniques and apparatus that are readily accessible to the scientist. For students, the sections dealing with potential sources of error should prove extremely useful. Techniques for iron oxide characterization are also described in detail. Special Feature: color plates illustrating how the color of iron oxides varies with crystal structure, particle size, and metal substitution.
Download or read book Aquatic Redox Chemistry written by Paul Tratnyek and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive overview of aquatic redox chemistry through chapters contributed by many of the leading investigators in the field.
Download or read book Iron Oxides written by Damien Faivre and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-08 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alle relevanten Informationen zu Eisenoxiden, von der Struktur und Transformation über Charakterisierungsverfahren bis hin zu den neuesten AnwendungEN. Ein Muss für alle, die in dem Fachgebiet arbeiten.
Download or read book Layered Double Hydroxides written by Vicente Rives and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2001 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Layered double hydroxides are one of the variety of names given to a family of layered materials first discovered in Sweden in 1842. These materials are interesting because their layer cations can be changed among a wide selection, and the interlayer anion can also be (nearly) freely chosen. Like cationic clays, they can be pillared and can exchange interlayer species -- thus increasing applications and making new routes to derivatives. The principle areas of application include catalyst support, anion scavengers, polymer stabilisers, and antacids. In the last several years, reviews and studies of LDHs have dealt with these uses. This book aims to update the current body of LDH knowledge from a wide array of views. The first section addresses the synthesis and physiochemical characterisation of these materials, and section two focuses on the applications of LDHs.
Download or read book The Iron Oxides written by Rochelle M. Cornell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together in one, compact volume all aspects of the available information about the iron oxides. It presents a coherent, up to date account of the properties, reactions and mechanisms of formation of these compounds. In addition, there are chapters dealing with iron oxides in rocks and soils, as biominerals and as corrosion products together with methods of synthesis and the numerous application of these compounds. Their role in the environment is also discussed. The authors are experts in the field of iron oxides and have worked on all the topics covered. Much recent data from the authors' own laboratories is included and opportunities for further research are indicated. Special features are the electron micrographs and colour plates together with the many different spectra used to illustrate properties and aspects of behaviour. Numerous tables and graphs enable trends and relationships to be seen at a glance. The book concludes with an extensive bibliography. This book should prove invaluable to industry and to all researchers who, whatever their background and level of experience, are interested in this rapidly expanding field. It is an essential volume for any scientific library and is now in its second, completely revised and extended edition!
Download or read book Fundamentals of Geobiology written by Andrew H. Knoll and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-30 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2012 PROSE Award, Earth Science: Honorable Mention For more than fifty years scientists have been concerned with the interrelationships of Earth and life. Over the past decade, however, geobiology, the name given to this interdisciplinary endeavour, has emerged as an exciting and rapidly expanding field, fuelled by advances in molecular phylogeny, a new microbial ecology made possible by the molecular revolution, increasingly sophisticated new techniques for imaging and determining chemical compositions of solids on nanometer scales, the development of non-traditional stable isotope analyses, Earth systems science and Earth system history, and accelerating exploration of other planets within and beyond our solar system. Geobiology has many faces: there is the microbial weathering of minerals, bacterial and skeletal biomineralization, the roles of autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolisms in elemental cycling, the redox history in the oceans and its relationship to evolution and the origin of life itself.. This book is the first to set out a coherent set of principles that underpin geobiology, and will act as a foundational text that will speed the dissemination of those principles. The chapters have been carefully chosen to provide intellectually rich but concise summaries of key topics, and each has been written by one or more of the leading scientists in that field.. Fundamentals of Geobiology is aimed at advanced undergraduates and graduates in the Earth and biological sciences, and to the growing number of scientists worldwide who have an interest in this burgeoning new discipline. Additional resources for this book can be found at: http://www.wiley.com/go/knoll/geobiology.
Download or read book Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V.3 ... consists of individual chapters that describe 1) the conceptual background for radionuclides, including tritium, radon, strontium, technetium, uranium, iodine, radium, thorium, cesium, plutonium-americium and 2) data requirements to be met during site characterization.
Download or read book Iron Catalysis written by Bernd Plietker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-05 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juan I. Padrón and Víctor S. Martín: Catalysis by means of Fe-based Lewis acids; Hiroshi Nakazawa*, Masumi Itazaki: Fe–H Complexes in Catalysis; Kristin Schröder, Kathrin Junge, Bianca Bitterlich, and Matthias Beller: Fe-catalyzed Oxidation Reactions of Olefins, Alkanes and Alcohols: Involvement of Oxo- and Peroxo Complexes; Chi-Ming Che, Cong-Ying Zhou, Ella Lai-Ming Wong: Catalysis by Fe=X Complexes (X=NR, CR2); René Peters, Daniel F. Fischer and Sascha Jautze: Ferrocene and Half Sandwich Complexes as Catalysts with Iron Participation; Markus Jegelka, Bernd Plietker: Catalysis by Means of Complex Ferrates.
