Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Formation and Dissolution of Nickel II Surface Precipitates on Clay Minerals and Metal Oxides Using Macroscopic Spectroscopic Microscopic and Thermogravimetric Techniques written by Kirk Gerald Scheckel and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Kinetics and Mechanism of Formation of Some Nickel II Macrocyclic Compounds written by Craig A. Reider and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clays in the Minerals Processing Value Chain written by Markus Gräfe and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clays are increasingly becoming a major problem in the mining, extraction and value-adding processes for a wide range of commodity raw materials. Clays can impact negatively on virtually every unit process within the mining and minerals processing sector, having long-term environmental implications that go well beyond the lifetime of the mining operation. This book is the first to compile, explain and evaluate the effects of clays in the mineral processing value chain, from mining to minerals processing, and finally, tailings disposal. Focusing on topics from the chemistry and rheology of clays to their detection and dissolution behaviour, this book provides comprehensive coverage of the effects on processes such as settling, preg-robing, flotation and comminution. It is an excellent reference for professional mineralogists and geologists, industrial engineers, and researchers interested in clays and clay minerals.
Download or read book The Crystal Chemistry Dissolution Kinetics and Dehydroxylation of Oxide type Lateritic Ni Ore written by Matthew Landers and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent strong demand for Ni for steel production has significantly depleted the easily extractable Ni sulphide deposits, causing the mining industry to look towards the more abundant albeit complex, low-grade lateritic Ni deposits. There have been major difficulties in the extraction of Ni from lateritic Ni ores reflecting, inter alia, the limited knowledge of the location and distribution of Ni within minerals (particularly iron-oxides) in lateritic ores, as well as the limited understanding of the acid leaching kinetics of these minerals. A new method for improving the extraction of Ni from oxide-type (limonitic) lateritic Ni ores by means of shock heating has been investigated in this thesis utilising a combination of bulk and macroscopic techniques. Five oxide-type lateritic Ni ores from Indonesia (Weda Bay), Western Australia (Kalgoorlie and Ravensthorpe) and New Caledonia (Goro and Koiambo), composed mostly of acicular, nano-sized goethite crystals with minor amounts of quartz, talc, willemseite, maghemite, magnetite, asbolane, kaolinite, Mn oxides and various spinels. These minerals were identified using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The nickeliferous goethites were subjected to shock heating for 30 minutes at temperatures in the range 220-800°C. Goethite partially dehydroxylated to OH-hematite at 300-400°C and had completely altered to well ordered hematite at 800°C. OH-hematite has broad XRD reflections, structural water, high specific surface area, structural disorder and small crystal size. The high surface area (1.5-2.6 fold increase from that of goethite) is due to the formation of slit-shaped micropores (300°C), which further develop into elliptically-shaped micropores (400°C), and is partly responsible for a 9-34 fold increase in the dissolution rate constant k for the Kabai equation, measured from the dissolution of Fe in 2M H2SO4. The remaining 5-10 fold increase in the dissolution rate constant k is presumably due to the higher density of structural defects in OH-hematite. The presence of structural Al and Cr in goethite was shown to reduce dissolution rate possibly through the greater Me-OH, O bond strength relative to Fe, Ni-OH, O. Rapid high temperature dehydroxylation (800°C) of goethite resulted in the formation of well ordered hematite with no structural water, low surface area and with high structural order. The low surface area is due to the removal of most micropores and the development of extensive ordered hematite domains by surface and volume diffusion.
Download or read book A Novel Approach to Experimental Studies of Mineral Dissolution Kinetics written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, DOE is conducting pilot CO2 injection tests to evaluate the concept of geological sequestration. The injected CO2 is expected to react with the host rocks and these reactions can potentially alter the porosity, permeability, and mechanical properties of the host or cap rocks. Reactions can also result in precipitation of carbonate-containing minerals that favorably and permanently trap CO2 underground. Many numerical models have been used to predict these reactions for the carbon sequestration program. However, a firm experimental basis for predicting silicate reaction kinetics in CO2 injected geological formations is urgently needed to assure the reliability of the geochemical models used for the assessments of carbon sequestration strategies. The funded experimental and theoretical study attempts to resolve this outstanding scientific issue by novel experimental design and theoretical interpretation of silicate dissolution rates at conditions pertinent to geological carbon sequestration. In this four year research grant (three years plus a one year no cost extension), seven (7) laboratory experiments of CO2-rock-water interactions were carried out. An experimental design allowed the collection of water samples during experiments in situ and thus prevented back reactions. Analysis of the in situ samples delineated the temporal evolution of aqueous chemistry because of CO2-rock-water interactions. The solid products of the experiments were retrieved at the end of the experimental run, and analyzed with a suite of advanced analytical and electron microscopic techniques (i.e., atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)). As a result, the research project probably has produced one of the best data sets for CO2-rock-water interactions in terms of both aqueous solution chemistry and solid characterization. Three experiments were performed using the Navajo sandstone. Navajo sandstone is geologically equivalent to the Nugget sandstone, which is a target formation for a regional partnership injection project. Our experiments provided the experimental data on the potential CO2-rock-water interactions that are likely to occur in the aquifer. Geochemical modeling was performed to interpret the experimental results. Our single mineral (feldspar) experiments addressed a basic research need. i.e., the coupled nature of dissolution and precipitation reactions, which has universal implication to the reaction kinetics as it applied to CO2 sequestration. Our whole rock experiments (Navajo sandstone) addressed the applied research component, e.g., reacting Navajo sandstone with brine and CO2 has direct relevance on the activities of a number of regional partnerships. The following are the major findings from this project: (1) The project generated a large amount of experimental data that is central to evaluating CO2-water-rock interactions and providing ground truth to predictive models, which have been used and will inevitably be increasingly more used in carbon sequestration. (2) Results from the feldspar experiments demonstrated stronger coupling between dissolution and precipitation reactions. We show that the partial equilibrium assumption did not hold in the feldspar hydrolysis experiments (Zhu and Lu, submitted, Appendix A-2). The precipitation of clay minerals influenced dissolution of primary silicate in a much stronger way as previously envisioned. Therefore, our experimental data indicated a much more complex chemical kinetics as it has been applied to carbon sequestration program in terms of preliminary predictive models of CO2-rock-water interactions. Adopting this complexity (strong coupling) may influence estimates of mineral trapping and porosity/permeability for geological carbon sequestration. In general, our knowledge of the coupling of different reactions is poor, and we must consider the uncertainties resulting from our poor knowledge on this regard. (3) Our experimental results concur with previous findings that the role of dissolved CO2 is mostly to acidify the brine, but not change the mechanisms of reactions. This conclusion is based on careful paired experiments with and without CO2. (4) We observed strong chemical reactions between CO2 acidified brine with the Navajo sandstone. The laboratory experiments were conducted at a higher temperature (200 C) than that in the field ((almost equal to)90 C) in order to induce measurable chemical changes in the laboratory. However, field conditions are more acidic and reaction time is much longer (1000 years versus 10-80 days in the laboratory). Therefore, the conclusions on extensive reactions are relevant. We observed extensive dissolution of feldspars, and precipitation of clay minerals.
Download or read book Mineral water Interfacial Reactions written by Donald L. Sparks and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clearly explains how to more effectively decipher and predict contaminant fate in the environment by combining kinetic methods and molecular-scale spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to analyze mineral/water interfacial reactions in situ. The book begins with a broad overview, then continues with three sections written by internationally known expert. The first deals specifically with spectroscopic/microscopic techniques that can be used in combination with macroscopic approaches to glean mechanistic information on mineral/water reactions and processes. The second section emphasizes computer models that are used to elucidate surface mediated reaction mechanisms. The remainder of the volume is organized around reaction type, including sorption/desorption of inorganic species, sorption/desorption of organic species, precipitation/dissolution processes, heterogeneous electron transfer reactions, photochemically driven reactions, and microbially mediated reactions. Mineral-Water Interfacial Reactions will be a valuable resource for environmental scientists, geochemists, soil chemists, microbiologists, and marine engineers who need to be familiar with the most current and effective methods for testing and controlling the mobility, speciation, and bioavailability of contaminants in the environment.
Download or read book The Origin of Clay Minerals in Soils and Weathered Rocks written by Bruce B. Velde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-18 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of huge relevance in a number of fields, this is a survey of the different processes of soil clay mineral formation and the consequences of these processes concerning the soil ecosystem, especially plant and mineral. Two independent systems form soil materials. The first is the interaction of rocks and water, unstable minerals adjusting to surface conditions. The second is the interaction of the biosphere with clays in the upper parts of alteration profiles.
Download or read book Rates of Soil Chemical Processes written by Donald L. Sparks and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinetics of soil chemical reactions. Methods of obtaining and analyzin kinetic data. Relaxation methods for studying kinetics of soil chemical phenomena. Kinetics of ion sorptionon humic substances. Kinetics of sorption/desorption processes in soils. Modelling nonequilibrium reactions of inorganic solutes in soil columns. Sorption kinetics of organic chemicals: methods, models, and mechanisms.
Download or read book Natural Microporous Materials in Environmental Technology written by P. Misaelides and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Application of Natural Microporous Materials for Environmental Technology, Smolenice Castle, Slovakia, 26-30 October 1998
Download or read book Supported Catalysts and Their Applications written by David C Sherrington and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to improve both the efficiency and environmental acceptability of industrial processes is driving the development of heterogeneous catalysts across the chemical industry, including commodity, specialty and fine chemicals and in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Drawing on international research, Supported Catalysts and their Applications discusses aspects of the design, synthesis and application of solid supported reagents and catalysts, including supported reagents for multi-step organic synthesis; selectivity in oxidation catalysis; mesoporous molecular sieve catalysts; and the use of Zeolite Beta in organic reactions. In addition, the two discrete areas of heterogeneous catalysis (inorganic oxide materials and polymer-based catalysts) that were developing in parallel are now shown to be converging, which will be of great benefit to the whole field. Providing a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in this fast-moving field, this book will be welcomed by industrialists and researchers, particularly in the agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals industries.
Download or read book The Science of Clays written by Swapna Mukherjee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-09 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to provide a comprehensive and coherent description of three widely separated aspects of clays: the science of clays; the industrial uses of clays; and the role of clays in the environment. Most of the existing literature lacks such an integrated study and this work endeavours to fill that gap. An exhaustive account of the science of clays is presented in Part I of the book, which includes the classification, origin and evolution, composition and internal structure, chemical and physical properties of clays; soil mechanics; and analytical techniques for determining clay constituents. Part II provides a comprehensive description of the applications of clays and their derivatives in various industries, while Part III describes the role of clays in the environment; the pollution caused by clay minerals; and the application of clays in order to prevent environmental hazards. A principal feature of the book is its explanation of how the structure and composition of particular clay types facilitate their specific industrial or environmental applications, thus describing the interrelationship between three widely varying aspects of clay. A number of thought-provoking questions are raised at the end of the work in order to leave readers with a better insight in this regard.
Download or read book Advances in the Characterization of Industrial Minerals written by G.E. Christidis and published by The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advancement of human civilization has been intimately associated with the exploitation of raw materials. In fact the distinction of the main historical eras is based on the type of raw materials used. Hence, passage from the Paleolithic and Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age is characterized by the introduction of basic metals mainly copper, zinc and tin in human activities; the Iron Age is marked by the use of iron as the predominant metal. The use of metals has increased and culminated with the industrial revolution in the mid-eighteenth century, which marked the onset of the industrial age in the western world. Since then the importance of metals has gradually been surpassed by industrial minerals in the industrialized countries. Industrial minerals are raw materials used by industry for their physical and/or chemical properties. Characterization of industrial minerals is important for their assessment and can be demanding and often complicated. This new volume, co-published by the European Mineralogical Union and the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland, is based on papers presented at an EMU-Erasmus IP School which was held in the Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece. The aim of the School was to describe advances in some of the analytical methods used to characterize industrial minerals and to propose additional methods which are currently not used for this purpose.
Download or read book Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications written by Joe Boris Dixon and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few books achieve a connection between scientifc theory and real world environmental problems, but this one does. Generous use of color images, exercises, and case studies make it friendly for the classroom or non-mineralogist. Discover crystallography, surface chemistry, mineral-solution equilibria, organic matter, and soil mineral analysis. The book includes a lengthy exploration of world-wide applications of mineralogy in soil taxonomy, tectonics, radionuclides, pesticides, enzymes, and more.
Download or read book Polymeric and Self Assembled Hydrogels written by Xian Jun Loh and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book to give a complete picture of current hydrogel research, covering all the major applications as well as the fundamental principles behind them.
Download or read book Characterization of Minerals Metals and Materials 2020 written by Jian Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection gives broad and up-to-date results in the research and development of materials characterization and processing. Topics covered include advanced characterization methods, minerals, mechanical properties, coatings, polymers and composites, corrosion, welding, magnetic materials, and electronic materials. The book explores scientific processes to characterize materials using modern technologies, and focuses on the interrelationships and interdependence among processing, structure, properties, and performance of materials.
