Download or read book Kinetic Processes in a High Pressure Laser Generated Plasma written by Danny Joe Krebs and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plasma Processing of Materials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma processing of materials is a critical technology to several of the largest manufacturing industries in the worldâ€"electronics, aerospace, automotive, steel, biomedical, and toxic waste management. This book describes the relationship between plasma processes and the many industrial applications, examines in detail plasma processing in the electronics industry, highlights the scientific foundation underlying this technology, and discusses education issues in this multidisciplinary field. The committee recommends a coordinated, focused, and well-funded research program in this area that involves the university, federal laboratory, and industrial sectors of the community. It also points out that because plasma processing is an integral part of the infrastructure of so many American industries, it is important for both the economy and the national security that America maintain a strong leadership role in this technology.

Download or read book Clusters and Molecules in Laser Generated Plasmas written by Arsène Chemin and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser generated plasma is a complex and interesting system. The deposition of the pulse laser energy leads to a brutal phase transition and the formation of a plasma. This plasma is composed of molecules, atoms, ions, and electrons reacting together and with the environment. Such plasmas are used for measuring the composition of a target (LIBS), for producing clusters and nanoparticles, for material deposition, etc. Understanding the kinetics and thermodynamics of the plasma is essential in order to better understand the composition of the plasma, its temperature and the nucleation process of clusters and nanoparticles. This work investigates several aspects of this issue, from a general nucleation model able to describe the growth of particles in the plasma, to the determination of thermodynamic quantities such as the pressure and the temperature. An activated complex-like model is developed in order to describe cluster nucleation. It uses Weisskopf's micro-canonical approach to handle the kinetics of the growth when the transient nature of the processes disregards the canonical ensemble. This model efficiently reproduces experimental size distributions of aluminum oxide clusters. The activation energy of the reactions is addressed using DFT calculations and experimental measurements. These results, compared to the model, show that the thermodynamic equilibrium is not reached during the growth and that there is no equipartition of the energy in the clusters. The bounding energy measured is ten times lower than the energy given by DFT calculations and lower than the bulk cohesive energy. One of the key parameters in the description of laser-generated plasma is the pressure. It is measured from the dynamics of the generated shock-front as a function of the pulse energy and can reach few tens of MPa. Taylor's blast model describes the evolution of the pressure from 20~ns after the laser pulse if one takes into account the anisotropy of the blast. The average kinetic temperature and composition of the plasma is computed from the pressure and the electron density LTE equations. This temperature appears to be lower than the temperature measured from atomic emission which could be explained by temperature gradient or partial failure of LTE. The kinetic temperature in the plasma is further investigated using spatio-temporal measurements of AlO emission providing the vibrational and rotational temperature of the excited state of the molecules. The vibrational temperature appears much larger than the rotational temperature, proving that the thermodynamic equilibrium is not reached in the excited population which has not enough time to be thermalized. The rotational temperature of the molecules, more subject to collisions, is likely to be close to the kinetic temperature of the gas and maps the temperature gradient in the plasma. Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) is achieved in AlO molecules in order to measure the life-time of the excited state and the temperature of the ground state. Because of collision, the life-time of the excited state is much shorter than the one tabulated and should be characterized when calculating molecules' ratio in LIBS. Fluorescence spectra can be decomposed in two contributions: direct fluorescence, conserving an initial population in excited state, and collisionally-induced fluorescence, populating many other quantum levels. By fitting fluorescence spectra, one can measure the rotational temperature of the ground state molecules. The rotational temperature measured from emission of the excited state appears to be close to the ground state temperature but slightly overestimates it for short delay. The thermalization of the rotational states is not always complete.

Download or read book Atoms Solids and Plasmas in Super Intense Laser Fields written by Dimitri Batani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent developement of high power lasers, delivering femtosecond pulses of 20 2 intensities up to 10 W/cm , has led to the discovery of new phenomena in laser interactions with matter. At these enormous laser intensities, atoms, and molecules are exposed to extreme conditions and new phenomena occur, such as the very rapid multi photon ionization of atomic systems, the emission by these systems of very high order harmonics of the exciting laser light, the Coulomb explosion of molecules, and the acceleration of electrons close to the velocity of light. These phenomena generate new behaviour of bulk matter in intense laser fields, with great potential for wide ranging applications which include the study of ultra-fast processes, the development of high-frequency lasers, and the investigation of the properties of plasmas and condensed matter under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. In particular, the concept of the "fast ignitor" approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) has been proposed, which is based on the separation of the compression and the ignition phases in laser-driven ICF. The aim of this course on "Atom, Solids and Plasmas in Super-Intense Laser fields" was to bring together senior researchers and students in atomic and molecular physics, laser physics, condensed matter and plasma physics, in order to review recent developments in high-intensity laser-matter interactions. The course was held at the Ettore Majorana International Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice from July 8 to July 14,2000.

Download or read book Pulsed Gas Lasers written by Gennadiĭ Andreevich Mesi︠a︡t︠s︡ and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lasers with Nuclear Pumping written by S.P. Melnikov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the history of lasers with nuclear pumping (Nuclear Pumped Lasers, NPLs). This book showcases the most important results and stages of NPL development in The Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF) as well as other Russian and international laboratories, including laboratories in the United States. The basic science and technology behind NPLs along with potential applications are covered throughout the book. As the first comprehensive discussion of NPLs, students, researchers, and application engineers interested in high energy lasers will find this book to be an extremely valuable source of information about these unique lasers.

Download or read book Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Jagdish P. Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-10-03 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is basically an emission spectroscopy technique where atoms and ions are primarily formed in their excited states as a result of interaction between a tightly focused laser beam and the material sample. The interaction between matter and high-density photons generates a plasma plume, which evolves with time and may eventually acquire thermodynamic equilibrium. One of the important features of this technique is that it does not require any sample preparation, unlike conventional spectroscopic analytical techniques. Samples in the form of solids, liquids, gels, gases, plasmas and biological materials (like teeth, leaf or blood) can be studied with almost equal ease. LIBS has rapidly developed into a major analytical technology with the capability of detecting all chemical elements in a sample, of real- time response, and of close-contact or stand-off analysis of targets. The present book has been written by active specialists in this field, it includes the basic principles, the latest developments in instrumentation and the applications of LIBS . It will be useful to analytical chemists and spectroscopists as an important source of information and also to graduate students and researchers engaged in the fields of combustion, environmental science, and planetary and space exploration. * Recent research work* Possible future applications* LIBS Principles

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fusion Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Download or read book Recent Awards in Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Technical Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: