Download or read book Killer Acquisitions in Digital Markets An Analysis of the EU Merger Control Regime written by Giulia Sonderegger and published by buch & netz. This book was released on 2024-06-10 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In her PhD thesis, Giulia Aurélie Sonderegger analyses killer acquisitions, which, in short, are acquisitions that aim to pre-empt potential future competition at an early stage. While this phenomenon was originally discovered in pharmaceutical markets, this thesis exclusively discusses killer acquisitions in the context of digital markets, thereby primarily focusing on the current European Merger Control Regulation (EUMR). The main research question is whether the EUMR is appropriate to tackle killer acquisitions occurring in digital markets, and if not, in what ways it needs to be amended to better address the challenges in the future. To tackle this question, the author assesses both the economic and legal effects of killer acquisitions on merger control in digital markets and, based on her findings, suggests amendments to the current European merger control regime. For a more comprehensive analysis, this thesis also includes an assessment of the recently enacted Digital Markets Act (DMA) to ascertain whether this regulation may serve as an additional tool to remedy such transactions.
Download or read book Killer Acquisitions in Digital Markets written by Giulia Sonderegger and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Capturing Killer Acquisitions in Digital Markets Under the European Union Merger Control Rules written by Amil Jagarguliyev and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A couple of years ago, a new phenomenon emerged in the EU Merger Control sphere. This phenomenon is called - “Killer Acquisitions” where incumbent undertakings are suspected to acquire promising start-ups to vanish future potential rivals from the market. Big Tech companies in digital markets are among the usual suspects being engaged in this kind of transaction. This strategy can surely serve to cement incumbent platforms' dominant position in the digital markets. The problem was that it was impossible to capture these acquisitions with the EU Merger Control rules since it was not possible with the threshold requirements. Therefore, it brought about the enhancement of the European Commission's toolbox. This paper will spill ink on what options were on the table to carry out those amendments and what options were opted to do so in the end. It will be addressed whether preferred ways to capture killer acquisitions are good solutions to the problem or not. The paper will examine the preferred approach of capturing killer acquisitions at the EU level in a critical way. Because this work is also trying to depict what kind of difficulties digital platforms conducting business and planning mergers and acquisitions in the EU can encounter with.
Download or read book The Digital Economy and Killer Acquisitions written by Reeya Rakchhandha and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper begins with a brief overview of the expanding digital economy in India, followed by adescription of the major debates surrounding merger control and innovation in digital markets along with the policy developments they have encouraged. The paper introduces the concept of 'killer acquisitions' and examines how unregulated digital markets can have a detrimental effect on innovation and free competition. We then explore how these developments have affected the Indian markets, the existing merger thresholds and the major policy concerns facing the CCI as a result. A comparative analysis of merger thresholds used by the UK, USA, India and others is included to demonstrate the efficacy of India's response strategy. After a detailed analysis of the CCI's competition regulation and conduct evaluation in digital markets, mergers and acquisitions control regime in India, market studies conducted by the CCI and the legislative reforms in the Indian Competition Laws, the paper presents a critique on these developments and finally, makes recommendations for merger control of digital markets and evaluation of notified mergers and acquisitions.
Download or read book Mergers and Merger Policy written by James Fairburn and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1989 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of huge and bitterly contested takeover bids has recently focused public attention on the merger phenomenon. At the same time British merger policy, which has for long lacked clarity and bite, has been the subject of government review.
Download or read book Killer Acquisitions in Digital Markets An Analysis of the EU Merger Control Regime written by Giulia Sonderegger and published by buch & netz. This book was released on 2024-06-10 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In her PhD thesis, Giulia Aurélie Sonderegger analyses killer acquisitions, which, in short, are acquisitions that aim to pre-empt potential future competition at an early stage. While this phenomenon was originally discovered in pharmaceutical markets, this thesis exclusively discusses killer acquisitions in the context of digital markets, thereby primarily focusing on the current European Merger Control Regulation (EUMR). The main research question is whether the EUMR is appropriate to tackle killer acquisitions occurring in digital markets, and if not, in what ways it needs to be amended to better address the challenges in the future. To tackle this question, the author assesses both the economic and legal effects of killer acquisitions on merger control in digital markets and, based on her findings, suggests amendments to the current European merger control regime. For a more comprehensive analysis, this thesis also includes an assessment of the recently enacted Digital Markets Act (DMA) to ascertain whether this regulation may serve as an additional tool to remedy such transactions.
Download or read book Killer Acquisitions Reexamined written by Jonathan Barnett and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major competition regulators, and substantial portions of the scholarly community, have rapidly adopted the view that “killer acquisitions” and “kill zones” constitute significant sources of competitive risk arising from incumbent acquisitions of emerging firms in digital markets. Based on this view, policymakers in the United States, European Union, and other jurisdictions have advocated, and in some cases have taken, substantial changes to merger review policies that would erect significant obstacles to incumbent/startup acquisitions. A review of the relevant body of evidence finds that these widely-held views concerning incumbent/startup acquisitions rest on meager support, confined to ambiguous evidence drawn from a small portion of the total universe of acquisitions in the pharmaceutical market and theoretical models of acquisition transactions in information technology markets. Moreover, the emergent regulatory and scholarly consensus fails to take into account the rich body of evidence showing the critical function played by incumbent/startup acquisitions in supplying a monetization mechanism that induces venture-capital investment and promotes startup entry in technology markets. The prospect of an acquisition transaction in the case of technical and commercial success generally promotes innovation and competition by providing a transactional device that expands startups' access to the capital inputs required to undertake R&D and the commercialization services required to convert R&D outputs into commercially viable products. At the same time, these acquisitions enable incumbents to access the specialized innovation capacities of smaller firms. Proposed changes to merger review standards would disrupt these efficient transactional mechanisms and are likely to have counterproductive effects on competitive conditions in innovation markets.
Download or read book Market Power Competition and Innovation in Digital Markets written by Emilio Calvano and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article focuses on the economics of digital markets with particular emphasis on those features that are commonly deemed critical for Antitrust. Digital markets are often concentrated due to network effects and due to the need of large amounts of Data for production. We review papers characterizing the nature of social harms caused by market power and the role of competition FOR the market and IN the market to relief some of that harm. Special emphasis is given to the role of (i) human attention (which is monetized and is a key input in advertising markets), (ii) Data (which is the oil that powers these markets) and (iii) innovation (incentives, entry for buyout and killer acquisitions).
Download or read book The Merger Control Review written by Ilene Knable Gotts and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity written by National Bureau of Economic Research and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers here range from description and analysis of how our political economy allocates its inventive effort, to studies of the decision making process in specific industrial laboratories. Originally published in 1962. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Market definition and market power in the platform economy written by Jens-Uwe Franck and published by Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE). This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rise of digital platforms and the natural tendency of markets involving platforms to become concentrated, competition authorities and courts are more frequently in a position to investigate and decide merger and abuse cases that involve platforms. This report provides guidance on how to define markets and on how to assess market power when dealing with two-sided platforms. DEFINITION Competition authorities and courts are well advised to uniformly use a multi-markets approach when defining markets in the context of two-sided platforms. The multi-markets approach is the more flexible instrument compared to the competing single-market approach that defines a single market for both sides of a platform, as the former naturally accounts for different substitution possibilities by the user groups on the two sides of the platform. While one might think of conditions under which a single-market approach could be feasible, the necessary conditions are so severe that it would only be applicable under rare circumstances. To fully appreciate business activities in platform markets from a competition law point of view, and to do justice to competition law’s purpose, which is to protect consumer welfare, the legal concept of a “market” should not be interpreted as requiring a price to be paid by one party to the other. It is not sufficient to consider the activities on the “unpaid side” of the platform only indirectly by way of including them in the competition law analysis of the “paid side” of the platform. Such an approach would exclude certain activities and ensuing positive or negative effects on consumer welfare altogether from the radar of competition law. Instead, competition practice should recognize straightforwardly that there can be “markets” for products offered free of charge, i.e. without monetary consideration by those who receive the product. ASSESSMENT The application of competition law often requires an assessment of market power. Using market shares as indicators of market power, in addition to all the difficulties in standard markets, raises further issues for two-sided platforms. When calculating revenue shares, the only reasonable option is to use the sum of revenues on all sides of the platform. Then, such shares should not be interpreted as market shares as they are aggregated over two interdependent markets. Large revenue shares appear to be a meaningful indicator of market power if all undertakings under consideration serve the same sides. However, they are often not meaningful if undertakings active in the relevant markets follow different business models. Given potentially strong cross-group external effects, market shares are less apt in the context of two-sided platforms to indicate market power (or the lack of it). Barriers to entry are at the core of persistent market power and, thus, the entrenchment of incumbent platforms. They deserve careful examination by competition authorities. Barriers to entry may arise due to users’ coordination failure in the presence of network effect. On two-sided platforms, users on both sides of the market have to coordinate their expectations. Barriers to entry are more likely to be present if an industry does not attract new users and if it does not undergo major technological change. Switching costs and network effects may go hand in hand: consumer switching costs sometimes depend on the number of platform users and, in this case, barriers to entry from consumer switching costs increase with platform size. Since market power is related to barriers to entry, the absence of entry attempts may be seen as an indication of market power. However, entry threats may arise from firms offering quite different services, as long as they provide a new home for users’ attention and needs.
Download or read book Takeover Law in the UK the EU and China written by Joseph Lee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates stakeholders’ interests, market players, and governance models for the takeover market in the changing global economic orders. Authors from the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Australia, and China discuss takeovers in the context of China as a rising power in the global M&A market and re-examine takeover as an efficient method for corporate competition, consolidation, and restructuring. China has come to embrace takeovers as a market practice and is seeking directions for further reforms of its law, regulatory model, and banking system in order to compete with other economic powers. Yet, China is at a very different economic development stage and has different legal and political structures. State-owned enterprises dominate the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets – a very different landscape from UK and European exchanges. Researchers and policy makers are currently developing options in response to needs for reform. Recently, China has also announced the opening of its financial markets to foreign ownership. This book reflects on the UK and European models and focuses on the policy choices for China to transform its capital market. The book is of interest to postgraduate students and researchers (LLM, PhD, postdocs), law and management/finance academics, and policy makers.
Download or read book Mergers Acquisitions written by Bruno Cassiman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The content of this book is based on the final report of a research project carried out by an international team of researchers for the European Commission's Directorate General for Research"--copyright p.
Download or read book The Antitrust Paradigm written by Jonathan B. Baker and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-06 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when tech giants have amassed vast market power, Jonathan Baker shows how laws and regulations can be updated to ensure more competition. The sooner courts and antitrust enforcement agencies stop listening to the Chicago school and start paying attention to modern economics, the sooner Americans will reap the benefits of competition.
Download or read book Competition Law for the Digital Economy written by Björn Lundqvist and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The digital economy is gradually gaining traction through a variety of recent technological developments, including the introduction of the Internet of things, artificial intelligence and markets for data. This innovative book contains contributions from leading competition law scholars who map out and investigate the anti-competitive effects that are developing in the digital economy.
Download or read book Solutions Manual to Accompany Contract Theory written by Arthur Campbell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007-07-20 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The solutions manual for Bolton and Dewatripont's Contract Theory includes complete solutions to 27 of the 54 exercises in the text. Contract Theory by Patrick Bolton and Mathias Dewatripont, a comprehensive textbook on contract theory suitable for use at the graduate and advanced undergraduate levels, covers the areas of agency theory, information economics, and organization theory and presents many applications in all areas of economics, especially labor economics, industrial organization, and corporate finance. The exercises at the end of the book not only review, chapter by chapter, the basic concepts introduced in the text but also explore additional ideas and applications based on teaching material accumulated over the years by the authors and other instructors of contract theory. The solutions manual to this essential text gives complete solutions to 27 of the 54 exercises in the text, allowing students to study and compare their answers and take greater advantage of this crucial part of the book. The solutions manual follows the structure of the text, grouping exercises by chapter. Chapters 2-6 cover such static bilateral contracting problems as screening, signaling, and moral hazard; chapters 7 and 8 treat multilateral contracting, including auctions, bilateral trade under private information, and multiagent moral hazard; chapters 9 and 10 explore problems of repeated bilateral contracting; and chapters 11-13 cover incomplete contracts, the theory of ownership and control, contracting with externalities, and common agency.
Download or read book Merger Decisions written by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and published by . This book was released on with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
