Download or read book Kidney and Blood Pressure Regulation written by Hiromichi Suzuki (M.D.) and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic kidney disease is one of the world's major public health problems, and the prevalence of kidney failure is rising steadily. Among the risk factors for a faster progression of renal disease are hypertension and proteinuria, many studies clearly demonstrating that hypertension is both a cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease. Namely, renal blood pressure regulation seems to be involved in five major pathophysiological mechanisms (all closely related to the renin-angiotensin system): Pressure-natriuresis, renal sympathetic nervous system, renal blood flow, intraglomerular pressure and tubuloglomerular feedback. This book reviews experimental data which form the basis of our current understanding of the association between hypertension and kidney diseases: The pathogenesis of increased blood pressure, the mechanisms by which systemic hypertension promotes progressive kidney failure, and the impact of antihypertensive agents on experimental renal mechanisms involved in hypertension. Furthermore, the role of angiotensin II receptor blockers in both the control of systemic blood pressure and the reduction of proteinuria is examined in an attempt to define optimal therapeutic strategies to prevent the otherwise inexorable deterioration of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Download or read book Renovascular and Renal Parenchymatous Hypertension written by Thomas Luescher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides a timely update on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of renovascular and renal parenchymatous hypertension. The underlying causes of the most common forms of hypertension are discussed in separate chapters. Special emphasis is laid on newer pathophysiological aspects of the disease, in particular the vascular wall renin-angiotensin system. Furthermore, there is in depth discussion of all the new techniques that are currently available for use in the diagnosis of renal hypertension, e.g., ultrasound and Doppler techniques, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear renography. These techniques are discussed by internationally renowned experts in the field. The book also covers topics such as the value of medical therapy, surgical techniques, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, with special reference to the treatment of renal hypertension.
Download or read book Kidney and Blood Pressure Regulation written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation written by Adel E. Berbari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to present a comprehensive classification of hypertensive phenotypes based on underlying target organ involvement. Particular emphasis is placed on review and assessment of clinical presentation, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and possible specific therapeutic options for each hypertension phenotype. Several of these phenotypes are well known and well described in the literature, such as prehypertension, white coat and masked hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, renovascular hypertension, endocrine hypertension, pediatric hypertension, and gestational hypertension. Other hypertension phenotypes, however, are not widely recognized, being reported only in special reviews; examples include hypertension associated with renal calculus disease and other rarer causes such as Turner syndrome, herbal and medicinal compounds, and pharmacologic agents. A detailed account of the various causes of monogenic hypertension is also included. Finally, a section is devoted to general aspects of hypertension, including the significance of blood pressure indices, the natural course of untreated and treated hypertension, hypertension mechanisms, genetics, and guidelines for blood pressure control.
Download or read book Neural Control of Renal Function written by Ulla Kopp and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion by activation of α1-adrenoceptors and increase renin secretion rate by activation of β1-adrenoceptors. In response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Activation of the sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance. In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and afferent renal nerves in hypertension. Table of Contents: Part I: Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy / Neural Control of Renal Hemodynamics / Neural Control of Renal Tubular Function / Neural Control of Renin Secretion Rate / Part II: Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy / Renorenal Reflexes / Mechanisms Involved in the Activation of Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Part III: Pathophysiological States / Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Conclusions / References
Download or read book Hypertension in Kidney Disease written by J.S. Cheigh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blood pressure control is central to all bodily functions. There are many points in the multifaceted cybernetic system wherein hypertension may be produced. Hypertension is a 'young' disorder whose existence has been known for less than a century. It is not only extremely prevalent among every popula tion, but also deleterious to the health of mankind. The more we understand about hypertension's harmful effects, the more urgent is the need for its effective control. The kidney is the central organ that controls vascular tone and body fluid volume; these two factors are dominant in determining arterial blood pres sure. Hence, it is not surprising to find in hypertensive disorders that there are abnormalities in the kidneys, functional or anatomical, subtle or overt, that cause or are the consequence of hypertension. The first suggestion that the kidney could cause hypertension was made in 1836, before arterial pressure could even be measured, by Richard Bright. He observed that cardiac hypertrophy was often present in patients who died of renal disease. It was, however, Goldblatt and his colleagues in 1934 who opened the modern era of experimental and clinical research in renal hypertension. Since then, although far from complete, enthusiastic and intensive research efforts have greatly improved our understanding of the nature of renal hypertension.
Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of the Kidney in the Regulation of Blood Pressure written by Paul Gregg Rhodes and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Circulatory Physiology written by Arthur C. Guyton and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chronic Kidney Disease CKD and Hypertension Essentials written by Andrew S. Bomback and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World's Leading Experts Provide all the 'Essentials' Needed to Manage Patients in the Office and on the Ward! Nearly 17% of adults in the United States have Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and one of the most common causes of CKD is hypertension. Treatment of hypertension has become the most important intervention in the management of all forms of Chronic Kidney Disease. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Hypertension Essentials is a current, concise, and practical step-by-step guide to the identification, treatment and management of hypertension in patients with CKD. This quick reference is an ideal resource for primary care physicians, cardiologists, nephrologists and physicians in training.
Download or read book Core Concepts in Hypertension in Kidney Disease written by Ajay K. Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide provides a comprehensive review of the full spectrum of hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Targeted towards the busy practitioner, the focus of this volume is on various therapies and how to lower blood pressure through lifestyle changes. Specialist patient populations and hypertension and causes of hypertension are also covered in detail. Clinically-focused and authoritative, this resource offers a rationalized approach to diagnosing and treating hypertension in CKD.
Download or read book Hypertension in the Dog and Cat written by Jonathan Elliott and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-29 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth review on various aspects of canine and feline hypertension. Physiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology and pathological consequences of high blood pressure in cats and dogs are discussed. A comparative approach is taken, the underpinning research is critically evaluated and knowledge gaps identified. In addition, the reader is presented with evidence-based treatment strategies. The book targets researchers, graduate students and clinical specialists in small animal internal medicine as well as veterinary clinicians with interest in nephrology, cardiology, neurology and ophthalmology.
Download or read book Novel Regulators of Kidney Homeostasis and Blood Pressure Regulation written by Usman Mohammad Ashraf and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension is a complex polygenic trait influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. However, the genetic factors and the molecular mechanism by which they influence hypertension is not completely understood. Our laboratory is currently focusing on understanding the physiological and molecular aspects of two candidate genes for hypertension; Regulated Endocrine Specific Protein 18 (Resp18) and Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (Coup-TFII). Previously, we have shown that a targeted disruption of Resp18 locus in Dahl Salt Sensitive (SS) rats (Resp18mutant) resulted in higher blood pressure (BP), increased renal fibrosis, urinary protein excretion, and decreased mean survival time on a long term (6-week) exposure to 2% high salt (HS) diet. To further our investigations, we tested the vascular reactivity in mesenteric arteries and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by using FITC-sinistrin clearance measured by NIC- transdermal device. Through our study, we found that the Resp18mutant rats exhibited vascular dysfunction, as evidenced by a decrease in vasorelaxation in response to SNP and ACH. Furthermore, we found that Resp18mutant rats demonstrated a decrease in GFR. Furthermore, dopaminergic agonists decrease the expression of Resp18, whereas dopaminergic antagonists increase its expression suggesting a molecular link between Resp18 and dopamine. Hence, we are interested in testing the renal dopaminergic pathway in the kidney and renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells isolated from Resp18mutant and SS rats. Dopamine levels in the renal cortical specimens obtained from Resp18mutant rats were significantly decreased along with a decrease in D1-like dopamine receptors (D1R & D5R) expression in the kidney. Upon urine analysis and dopamine release assay in RPT cells, we observed that the Resp18mutant rats secrete an increased amount of dopamine compared to the SS rats. Based on the prominent kidney injury phenotype, we tested the hypothesis that targeted disruption of Resp18 in the SS rat, changes the renal transcriptomic response to HS diet. We tested this hypothesis, using deep RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach and subsequent pathway analysis of the complete renal transcriptome of SS and Resp18mutant rats. To test this, both SS and Resp18mutant rats were exposed to a one-week HS diet treatment. Through radio-telemetry procedure, we found that the systolic BP was increased in the Resp18mutant rats compared with SS rats even with short term (one-week) exposure to HS diet. Using RNA-seq approach, we found that Resp18mutant rats showed a differential expression of 25 genes, of which one was an upregulation of Renin (Ren) gene. We confirmed the upregulation of Ren and other differentially expressed genes via qRT-PCR analysis. Furthermore, the renin activity is found to be higher in Resp18mutant rats serum compared with SS rats maintained on a HS diet for week. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that upon disruption of the Resp18 gene in SS rats alters the transcriptomics signatures in the kidney as an early response to salt insult and thus increase BP. Coup-TFII, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily act as a critical player in various physiological process, including regulating metabolism. Previously, we have shown that upon targeted disruption of Coup-TFII locus in SS rats (Coup-TFIImutant) resulted in lower BP, improved cardiac function, and lower urinary protein excretion on a long-term exposure to HS diet. Coup-TFIImutant rats on HS diet exhibited lower levels of renal fibrosis and showed a superior kidney function by displaying a higher GFR. Furthermore, targeted disruption of Coup-TFII favors antifibrotic signaling, which is evident through a significant downregulation of R-SMAD (pro-fibrotic; SMAD3) levels, while exhibiting an upregulation of I-SMAD (antifibrotic; SMAD7) levels. In concert with these findings, there was a significant reduction in pro-fibrotic proteins such as Col3A1. In summary, our study provides enough evidence to show that targeted disruption of Coup-TFII in SS rats protects the kidney from fibrosis through regulating SMAD family proteins. Our studies thus far serve as a fundamental basis to validate the candidate genes for BP and investigate their potential roles and mechanisms in BP regulation.
Download or read book Anesthesiology Core Review written by Brian Freeman and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2014-07-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rigorous, high-yield review for the new ABA Part 1: BASIC Examination The year 2014 marks the beginning of a new phase in board certification for anesthesiology residents in the United States. The Part 1 exam is now split into two written examinations: Basic and Advanced. Anesthesiology. Residents who are unable to pass the Basic examination will not be allowed to finish their training. That's why this book is a true must read for every anesthesiology resident. It is the single best way to take the stress out of this make-or-break exam, focus your study on nearly 200 must-know topics found on the board exam outline, and identify your areas of strength and weakness. Written by program directors with many years of board examination advising experience, Anesthesiology Core Review Part One: BASIC Exam is designed to be the cornerstone of your study preparation. Each chapter of Anesthesiology Core Review succinctly summarizes key concepts in basic science and clinical anesthesia practice. Space is conveniently provided throughout the book to add notes from other study resources. Anesthesiology Core Review Part One: BASIC Exam is logical divided into four sections: Basic Science Clinical Sciences Organ-Based Sciences Special Issues in Anesthesiology (covering important topics such as professionalism and licensure, ethics, and patient safety) With its expert authorship and concise yet thorough coverage, Anesthesiology Core Review Part One: BASIC Exam is biggest step you can take to assure effective preparation for the new ABA BASIC Examination.
Download or read book Silva s Diagnostic Renal Pathology written by Xin J. Zhou and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An algorithmic approach to interpreting renal pathology, updated in light of recent advances in understanding and new classification schemes.
Download or read book Stress and Hypertension written by Kevin T. Larkin and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does living a stress-filled life lead to elevated blood pressure? And if so, do strategies to better manage stress effectively lower blood pressure? In this authoritative and comprehensive book, Kevin T. Larkin examines more than a half-century of empirical evidence obtained to test the common assumption that stress is associated with the onset and maintenance of essential hypertension (high blood pressure). While the research confirms that stress does play a role in the exacerbation of essential hypertension, numerous other factors must also be considered, among them obesity, exercise, and smoking, as well as demographic, constitutional, and psychological concerns. The author discusses the effectiveness of strategies developed to manage stress and thereby lower blood pressure and concludes with suggestions and directions for further study.
Download or read book Vascular Medicine A Companion to Braunwald s Heart Disease E Book written by Mark Creager and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 963 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With authoritative coverage of everything from recent discoveries in the field of vascular biology to recent clinical trials and evidence-based treatment strategies, Vascular Medicine, 3rd Edition, is your go-to resource for improving your patients' cardiovascular health. Part of the Braunwald family of renowned cardiology references, this updated volume integrates a contemporary understanding of vascular biology with a thorough review of clinical vascular diseases, making it an ideal reference for vascular medicine specialists, general cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, vascular surgeons, and interventional radiologists. - Incorporates technologic advances in vascular imaging – including ultrasound, MRI, CTA, and catheter-based angiography – along with more than 230 new figures, providing an up-to-date and complete view of the vascular system and vascular diseases. - Covers novel antithrombotic therapies for peripheral artery disease and venous thromboemboism, advances in endovascular interventions for aortic aneurysms, and today's best surgical treatments for vascular diseases. - Includes seven new chapters: Pathobiology of Aortic Aneurysms; Pathobiology and Assessment of Cardiovascular Fibrosis; Large Vessel Vasculitis; Medium and Small Vessel Vasculitis; Epidemiology and Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolic Disease; Fibromuscular Dysplasia; and Dermatologic Manifestations of Vascular Disease. - Discusses methods for aggressive patient management and disease prevention to ensure minimal risk of further cardiovascular problems. - Keeps you current with ACC/AHA and ECC guidelines and the best ways to implement them in clinical practice. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices
