Download or read book KENYA Staff Report for the 2001 Article IV Consultation written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-04-19 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2001 Article IV Consultation highlights that Kenya’s economic performance during the past decade has been well below its potential. This reflects the failure to sustain prudent macroeconomic policies and the slow pace of structural reform. Consequently, Kenya’s real per capita GDP is now lower than it was in 1990, and poverty is much more prevalent. Executive Directors have commended the authorities for achieving a measure of macroeconomic stability during recent years, in difficult circumstances. To help obtain tangible results, they have stressed the importance of departing from the “stop-go” policies of the 1990s.

Download or read book GABON Staff Report for the 2001 Article IV Consultation written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-05-03 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2001 Article IV Consultation highlights that the fiscal and structural reform efforts in Gabon continued during 2001 under the government’s program supported by an 18-month Stand-by Arrangement, approved on October 23, 2000. Non-oil economic activity in Gabon rose by 4 percent in 2001, following a severe contraction in 1999 and a moderate recovery in 2000. Private investment picked up as confidence strengthened further, helped by substantial repayments of government domestic debt. Services, agriculture, and wood processing were the main sectors contributing to growth.

Download or read book Kenya Staff Report for the Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Monetary Geography of Africa written by Paul R. Masson and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2004-11-30 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Africa is working toward the goal of creating a common currency that would serve as a symbol of African unity. The advantages of a common currency include lower transaction costs, increased stability, and greater insulation of central banks from pressures to provide monetary financing. Disadvantages relate to asymmetries among countries, especially in their terms of trade and in the degree of fiscal discipline. More disciplined countries will not want to form a union with countries whose excessive spending puts upward pressure on the central bank's monetary expansion. In T he Monetary Geography of Africa, Paul Masson and Catherine Pattillo review the history of monetary arrangements on the continent and analyze the current situation and prospects for further integration. They apply lessons from both experience and theory that lead to a number of conclusions. To begin with, West Africa faces a major problem because Nigeria has both asymmetric terms of trade—it is a large oil exporter while its potential partners are oil importers—and most important, large fiscal imbalances. Secondly, a monetary union among all eastern or southern African countries seems infeasible at this stage, since a number of countries suffer from the effects of civil conflicts and drought and are far from achieving the macroeconomic stability of South Africa. Lastly, the plan by Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda to create a common currency seems to be generally compatible with other initiatives that could contribute to greater regional solidarity. However, economic gains would likely favor Kenya, which, unlike the other two countries, has substantial exports to its neighbors, and this may constrain the political will needed to proceed. A more promising strategy for monetary integration would be to build on existing monetary unions—the CFA franc zone in western and central Africa and the Common Monetary Area in southern Africa. Masson and Pattillo argue that the goal of a creating a s

Download or read book Kenya written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008-10-17 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kenya’s macroeconomic performance continued to improve until violence erupted in the aftermath of the general elections of December 2007. This 2008 Article IV Consultation highlights that GDP growth reached 7.0 percent in 2007, the highest in more than two decades. Monetary policy was tightened in June 2008 to address rising inflation pressures. Executive Directors have welcomed the recent tightening of monetary policy and the authorities’ readiness to tighten further to prevent the second-round effect of rising food and fuel prices.

Download or read book Publications Catalog written by International Monetary Fund and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Canada written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth has slowed to a more sustainable level and financial vulnerabilities have eased. But risks remain. Household debt is high, the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) awaits legislative approval, and ongoing trade tensions between the United States (U.S.) and its major trading partners are weighing on the global outlook.

Download or read book Globalization 2 volumes written by Ashish Vaidya and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2005-12-19 with total page 981 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge scholarship on the economic, international business, political, legal, and environmental ramifications of globalization—one of the hottest topics of the day. International trade is as old as nations. During the last five decades, however, advances in technology and transportation have changed the scope and method of international trade. Disputes rage about the effects of these changes; advocates for different positions offer argument, but little factual or theoretical analysis. Globalization offers all the information readers need to sort out the arguments. Written with the highest degree of scholarship, intended for college students or working professionals, the encyclopedia provides both introductory material to broad economic, legal, political, and environmental theory, and in-depth analysis of how theory interacts with practice in the framework of global trade. A trader in New York can, in a matter of seconds, execute a billion-dollar currency transaction in Hong Kong. What does this transaction mean to New Yorkers, to residents of Hong Kong, and to the rest of the world? This book gives readers the tools to answer those questions.

Download or read book Global Waves of Debt written by M. Ayhan Kose and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.

Download or read book Estimated Policy Rules for Capital Controls written by Gurnain Kaur Pasricha and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-06-05 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper borrows the tradition of estimating policy reaction functions from monetary policy literature to ask whether capital controls respond to macroprudential or mercantilist motivations. I explore this question using a novel, weekly dataset on capital control actions in 21 emerging economies from 2001 to 2015. I introduce a new proxy for mercantilist motivations: the weighted appreciation of an emerging-market currency against its top five trade competitors. This proxy Granger causes future net initiations of non-tariff barriers in most countries. Emerging markets systematically respond to both mercantilist and macroprudential motivations. Policymakers respond to trade competitiveness concerns by using both instruments—inflow tightening and outflow easing. They use only inflow tightening in response to macroprudential concerns. Policy is acyclical to foreign debt; however, high levels of this debt reduces countercyclicality to mercantilist concerns. Higher exchange rate pass-through to export prices, and having an inflation targeting regime with non-freely floating exchange rates, increase responsiveness to mercantilist concerns.

Download or read book Financial Regulation in Africa written by Iwa Salami and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of the global financial crisis, there has been a worldwide search for alternative investment opportunities, away from advanced markets. The African continent is now one of the fastest-growing economic regions in the world and represents a viable destination for foreign direct and portfolio investment. This book, which is the first comprehensive analysis of financial integration and regulation in Africa, fills a huge gap in the literature on financial regulation and would constitute an invaluable source of information to policy makers, investors, researchers and students of financial regulation from an emerging and frontier markets perspective. It considers how financial integration can facilitate African financial markets to achieve their full potential and provides a comparative study with the EU framework for financial integration and regulation. It assesses the implementation of effective and regional domestic infrastructures and how these can be adapted to suit the African context. The book also provides an assessment of government policies towards the integration of financial regulation in keeping with the regional agenda of the African Union (AU) and the African Economic Community (AEC).

Download or read book Tuvalu 2021 Article IV Consultation Press Release Staff Report and Statement by the Executive Director for Tuvalu written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-08-04 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swift implementation of containment measures, limited spillovers from tourism, and COVID-related fiscal spending financed by buoyant fishing revenues and donor grants have allowed Tuvalu—a fragile Pacific micro-state—avoid a recession in 2020. The economy is expected to expand by 2.5 percent in 2021, supported by fiscal expenditures and resumption of infrastructure projects. But significant challenges remain: Tuvalu is vulnerable to the effects of climate change, its economy is dominated by the public sector, and its revenue base is narrow. Uncertainty around donor commitments complicates fiscal planning.

Download or read book Energy Wealth and Governance in the Caucasus and Central Asia written by Richard Auty and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-08-21 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon recent progress in development economics and political science, the book provides fresh analysis of the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) countries transition to a market economy by tracing the impact of natural resource endowment. The book examines the synergies between energy-rich and energy-poor states and highlights the practical consequences of both well-managed and poorly-managed deployment of energy. Featuring contributions from prominent specialists on resource-driven economies, the book argues that unless CCA elites change the way in which they deploy natural resource, revenues regional development will fall short of its potential with possible disastrous consequences. The contributors apply the experience of the developing market economies to demonstrate that the region still holds considerable potential to become an important, stable supplier of raw materials and a source of industrial demand to the global economy. However, the CCA is equally likely to become a threat to the global economy as a consequence of the misuse of energy revenues to promote the interests of predatory political elites.

Download or read book Fortifications Post colonialism and Power written by João Sarmento and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 500 years, the Portuguese built or adapted fortifications along the coasts of Africa, Asia and South America. At a macro scale, mapping this network of power reveals a gigantic territorial and colonial project. Forts articulated the colonial and the metropolitan, and functioned as nodes in a mercantile empire, shaping early forms of capitalism, transforming the global political economy, and generating a flood of images and ideas on an unprecedented scale. Today, they can be understood as active material legacies of empire that represent promises, dangers and possibilities. Forts are marks and wounds of the history of human violence, but also timely reminders that buildings never last forever, testimonies of the fluidity of the material world. Illustrated by case studies in Morocco, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe and Kenya, this book examines how this global but chameleonic network of forts can offer valuable insights into both the geopolitics of Empire and their postcolonial legacies, and into the intersection of colonialism, memory, power and space in the postcolonial Lusophone world and beyond.

Download or read book Rwanda Staff Report for the 2004 Article IV Consultation written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2004-12-03 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2004 Article IV Consultation of Rwanda reports that although the recovery in primary activities has been relatively rapid, formal sector activity registered a mixed performance. The expansion of government programs in health, education, water and energy, would widen the structural deficit over the medium term. The shift in the structure of the monetary base could weaken the effectiveness of central bank policy instruments. Rwanda’s export base remains highly concentrated and vulnerable to climatic and international price shocks.

Download or read book Review of the IMF s Communications Strategy written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-06-30 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The framework guiding the IMF’s communications—established by the Executive Board in 2007—has enabled the institution to respond flexibly to the changing global context. The framework is based on four guiding principles: (i) deepening understanding and support for the Fund’s role and policies; (ii) better integrating communications into the IMF’s daily operations; (iii) raising the impact of new communications materials and technologies; and (iv) rebalancing outreach efforts to take account of different audiences. In addition, greater emphasis has been placed on strengthening internal communications to help ensure institutional coherence in the Fund’s outreach activities. Continued efforts are needed to strengthen communications going forward. Several issues deserve particular attention. First, taking further steps to ensure clarity and consistency in communication in a world where demand for Fund services continues to rise. Second, doing more to assess the impact of IMF communications and thus better inform efforts going forward. Third, engaging strategically and prudently with new media—including social media.

Download or read book International Monetary Fund Annual Report 2021 written by International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-10-04 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recovery is underway, but the economic fallout from the global pandemic could be with us for years to come. With the crisis exacerbating prepandemic vulnerabilities, country prospects are diverging. Nearly half of emerging market and developing economies and some middle-income countries are now at risk of falling further behind, undoing much of the progress made toward achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals.