Download or read book Research on Kaposi s sarcoma associated herpesvirus past present and future written by Keiji Ueda and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been 16 years since Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was found from Kaposi's sarcoma. Very extensive studies on KSHV have been performed and we now know well that KSHV is actually the very etiologic agent to cause Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease and this virus is an oncogenic DNA virus in such sense. Though a lot of reports have been published, there are lots of enigmas on its epidemiology, entry, lytic replication/induction, viral particle assembly/egress, latency, oncogenesis and so on. At this time point, it is better for us to review what we learned from the studies of this virus and consider what we have to clarify about this virus nature for future by comparing the virus with the other virus research.
Download or read book K bZIP of Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus written by Thomas James Ellison and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book K bZIP of Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus Human Herpesvirus 8 Self associates Via Key Leucine Residues written by Irena I. Yamboliev and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) has been implicated in several lymphoproliterative diseases. The viral protein K-bZIP has a regulatory role in lytic DNA replication during viral reactivation from latency, however the mechanism of K-bZIP function remains unclear. It appears that K-bZIP forms homodimers or multimers, which may be important for this protein's regulatory function. The major goal of this study was to identify the amino acids or protein domains involved in K-bZIP self-association. Specifically we focused on several regions of the protein containing features of interest, namely the characteristic basic region, sites of phosphorylation, nuclear localization sequence, and leucine zipper domain of the protein. The approach was to co-immunoprecipitate HA-tagged wild-type K-bZIP with FLAG-tagged mutants containing mutations within these regions of interest. Wild-type and mutant proteins were expressed in 293FT cells and co-immunoprecipitated using FLAG antibody-conjugated beads, followed by Western blot analysis with both HA and FLAG antibodies. The ability of mutant K-bZIP to pull down wild-type protein was not inhibited by mutations in the basic region or at the potential sites of phosphorylation. However, it was inhibited by mutation of two leucine residues within the leucine zipper, and by elimination of the nuclear localization signal. In conclusion, K-bZIP self-association is not mediated by the basic region or phosphorylation. However, we identified two key leucine residues within the leucine zipper which are involved in the formulation of K-bZIP oligomers."--Abstract.
Download or read book Kaposi Sarcoma New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kaposi Sarcoma: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Kaposi Sarcoma in a concise format. The editors have built Kaposi Sarcoma: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Kaposi Sarcoma in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Kaposi Sarcoma: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus New Perspectives written by Chris Boshoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-28 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: will follow
Download or read book Kaposi Sarcoma New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kaposi Sarcoma: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Kaposi Sarcoma in a concise format. The editors have built Kaposi Sarcoma: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Kaposi Sarcoma in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Kaposi Sarcoma: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Kaposi s Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus written by Zhi-Ming Zheng and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-10-04 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus" that was published in Viruses
Download or read book Regulation of Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus KSHV Lytic Gene Expression by Viral Transactivator RTA and Cellular Repressor K RBP written by Zhilong Yang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of the Cis and Trans acting Elements of Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus During Latent Infection written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic human herpesvirus that is causally associated with at least two malignancies. KSHV is present in proliferating cells of these malignancies primarily in its latent form as a multicopy plasmid. Its persistence in close to 100% of the proliferating tumor cells reveals two important features of its latency; first, the latent genomes have to replicate each cell cycle efficiently enough to ensure that they are retained in a majority of the daughter cells; and second, the latent genes must provide selective advantages, likely to be proliferative and/or anti-apoptotic in nature, to the tumor cells to ensure that the cells that retain them outgrow those that don't. This work describes findings on the necessary cis- and trans-acting factors that contribute to both of these features of KSHV's latency. Each KSHV genome encodes many potential origins of latent replication. Here I have shown that these many origins provide an essential advantage to KSHV allowing the DNAs not only to be synthesized and partitioned into daughter cells efficiently, but also to persist in the dividing cells for a long-term without rearrangement. I have also shown that the correct spacing between KSHV's origins of DNA synthesis is required for them to support synthesis efficiently. Additionally, this work has allowed us to generate a minimal replicon of KSHV that can be used as a model with which aspects of KSHV's latent replication can be studied. I have also provided insights into the selective advantages that latent KSHV provides infected tumor cells by forcing their loss from latently infected cells of Primary Effusion Lymphomas (PEL). The survival of more than 98% of the cells in multiple PEL cell lines tested was inhibited upon the eviction of KSHV genomes, providing direct evidence that KSHV provides survival factors to these cells. Complementation of these KSHV-evicted cells with anti-apoptotic genes was not sufficient to rescue their survival, indicating that the contributions of KSHV to PELs extend beyond protection from apoptosis. Evicting latent KSHV genomes from infected tumor cells could, thus, be therapeutically beneficial for patients with PELs and other KSHV-associated malignancies.
Download or read book Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus written by Patrick S. Moore and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Lytic Gene Expression in the Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus written by Jean L. Chang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In Vivo Studies of the Kaposi s Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus KSHV written by Sarah Kistler Turner and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural and Functional Analysis of the Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus VFLIP Internal Ribosome Entry Site written by Mariam K. Sulaiman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus Replication and Transcription Activator Regulates Extracellular Matrix Signal Pathway written by Daniel Pfalmer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy caused by infection with Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus [KSHV; also known as Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)] in which tumor cells show a characteristic ‘spindle-like’ morphology. The transcription factor RTA (Replication and Transcription Activator) is the viral protein responsible for reactivating KSHV from its latent state. Production of RTA in latently infected cells causes a number of viral proteins to be produced and leads to a cascade of gene expression changes in both viral and host genes. Previous work in our lab showed that RTA was capable of reprogramming cells in vitro to display a spindle-like morphology. In this study we aimed to identify the host gene expression changes caused directly by RTA which could be responsible for that reprogramming. To that end, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells (MDCK cells) were chosen as a model for KSHV-naïve mammalian cells. Differences in host gene expression levels in a culture of MDCK cells transfected with a plasmid coding for expression of RTA compared to MDCK cells transfected with a similar plasmid lacking the RTA gene were measured by whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Cells containing the RTA-coding plasmid adopted a spindle-like morphology and showed at least a two-fold change in expression level in approximately 180 genes. Those 180 genes were then screened for known associations to signaling pathways in order to determine which might be involved with the morphological changes observed and/or biological significance. The expression levels of the 10 genes identified by that screening were then verified by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Of those 10 genes, eight were identified as potentially associated with the morphological changes, including three genes associated with extra cellular matrix (ECM) destruction (MMP9, CTSD, and CTSS) that were down-regulated; two genes associated with blocking ECM destruction (TIMP1 and TIMP2) that were pregulated; two ECM component genes (LAMC2 and COL1A2) that were upregulated; and one gene associated with blocking cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion (MUC1) that was downregulated. The remaining two genes (MAP2K1 and podoplanin) were identified as potentially biologically significant, but not directly involved in regulating morphology. MAP2K1 is associated with epithelial dedifferentiation and was down-regulated; and the lymphatic endothelial specific marker podoplanin (PDPN) was up-regulated. Taken together, the differences in morphology and gene expression between RTA-producing cells and controls suggest a possible role for RTA in the formation of the spindle cells that characterize Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Download or read book Lytic Gene Regulation in Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus written by Jessica R. Kirshner and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book KAPOSI S SARCOMA ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS MODULATES THE UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE DURING LYTIC REPLICATION written by Benjamin P. Johnston and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the infectious cause of the complex endothelial neoplasm Kaposi's sarcoma, and two B cell malignancies, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease. KSHV activates multiple cellular stress responses during infection but the impact of stress on viral replication and tumorigenesis remain obscure. One such stress management pathway is the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Activation of the three host cell sensors of ER stress, IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, stimulates synthesis of transcription factors XBP1s, ATF4, and ATF6-N, respectively, which coordinate a transcriptional program to mitigate stress and restore protein homeostasis. Failure to restore homeostasis results causes the UPR to shift from an adaptive response to a pro-apoptotic response. In cells latently infected with KSHV, ER stress initiates lytic reactivation through XBP1s-mediated transcription of the KSHV lytic switch gene, RTA. Thus, it appears that KSHV has evolved a mechanism to respond to ER stress. I investigated the role of the UPR during lytic replication in this thesis. Here, I demonstrate that lytic replication activates all three sensors of the UPR, but the downstream transcription factors are inhibited. RNA silencing or chemical inhibition of any of the UPR sensors inhibits virion production, indicating that their activation is important for some aspect of productive viral replication. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of XBP1s can also inhibit viral production. Therefore, while XBP1s plays an important role in reactivation from latency, it inhibits later steps in lytic replication. This suggests that XBP1s downregulation by viral gene products may effectively remove an anti-viral host factor. To identify potential KSHV proteins that can modulate the UPR, I screened a KSHV lentiviral ORF library with a UPR fluorescent reporter cell line. I found multiple viral proteins that showed UPR-modulating ability. Of these hits, I found that ectopic expression of Kaposin C inhibits IRE1, and that ORF45 upregulates multiple UPR markers, but likely not through ER stress induction. Overall these findings suggest that KSHV modulates UPR signaling during lytic replication to promote virus production instead of resolving ER stress.
Download or read book Kaposi s Sarcoma associated Herpesvirus encoded Cyclin K cyclin Enhances NF kappaB dependent Transcription and Interacts with Latency associated Nuclear Antigen in Viral and Non virally Infected Cells written by Stephanie Duell and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
