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Book Judgement the Difference Between Behavioral Economy and Psychological Methods to Predict Consumption

Download or read book Judgement the Difference Between Behavioral Economy and Psychological Methods to Predict Consumption written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2017-07-30 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral economics can provide more realistic psychological foundations. This book is intended to provide an introduction to the approach and methods of behavioral economics, and to some of its major findings, application, and promising new directions. In this book, it divides part one and part two and part three In part one, it shall indicate how the process of behaviour economic field develops, then I shall show what methods are used to measure behavioural economy. Next, I shall indicate what the main two categories of behavioural economy are as well as I shall explain what risky and uncertain outcomes of individual behavior economic theories are as well as what behavioral game theory is. Finally, I shall explain behavioral economic principles of policy makers or decision makers as well as I shall also analyze whether behavioral economy and psychology which has close relationship. In part two, I shall indicate underground train and Disney entertainment theme park and University and unground train transportation and environmental protection businessmen etc. enterprises to explain how which can apply psychological methods to predict which client's preferable behavioral choice to achieve economic benefits more easily. Thus, if company or individual businessman can predict labour psychology or client psychologic consumption behavior. Then, which can have more confidence to attract more clients or reduce labour turnover. This book is suitable to any economists or policy makers or individual consumption makers or students or businessmen who have interest to learn how to apply behavioural economy methods to judge to do the most reasonable or the most right economic activities to achieve economic benefit in everyday life. Finally, in part three, I shall explain why to apply either behavioral economy or psychological method to predict as above sample cases which is more suitable to predict consumer behavior. I wrote this book for several reasons. I want to give my opinions to let businessmen to know how to apply psychological method or behavioral economic method to predict consumer behavior. Psychological method prediction is concentrated on consumer individual emotion, such as between salespeople and customers contact in one shop. Otherwise, behavioral economic method prediction is concentrated on serving consumers in public service industry, e.g. education, transportation, entertainment etc. public service businesses.

Book Neuroeconomics  Judgment  and Decision Making

Download or read book Neuroeconomics Judgment and Decision Making written by Evan A. Wilhelms and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores how and why people make judgments and decisions that have economic consequences, and what the implications are for human well-being. It provides an integrated review of the latest research from many different disciplines, including social, cognitive, and developmental psychology; neuroscience and neurobiology; and economics and business. The book has six areas of focus: historical foundations; cognitive consistency and inconsistency; heuristics and biases; neuroeconomics and neurobiology; developmental and individual differences; and improving decisions. Throughout, the contributors draw out implications from traditional behavioral research as well as evidence from neuroscience. In recent years, neuroscientific methods have matured, beyond being simply correlational and descriptive, into theoretical prediction and explanation, and this has opened up many new areas of discovery about economic behavior that are reviewed in the book. In the final part, there are applications of the research to cognitive development, individual differences, and the improving of decisions. The book takes a broad perspective and is written in an accessible way so as to reach a wide audience of advanced students and researchers interested in behavioral economics and related areas. This includes neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, clinicians, psychologists (developmental, social, and cognitive), economists and other social scientists; legal scholars and criminologists; professionals in public health and medicine; educators; evidence-based practitioners; and policy-makers.

Book Difference Between Behavioral Economy and Psychological Methods Predict Consumer Behavior

Download or read book Difference Between Behavioral Economy and Psychological Methods Predict Consumer Behavior written by Johnny LOK and published by . This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to explain consumer behavior? Consumer behavior is said to be an applied discipline as some decisions are significantly affected by their behavior or expected action. The two significantly perspective that are micro and societal perspectives. The micro perspectives involve understanding consumer for the purpose of helping a firm or organization to achieve its objectives. Whereas, the societal or macro perspective applies knowledge of consumers to aggregate-level faced by mass or society as a whole. The behavior of consumer has significant influence on the quality of the standard of living. Consumers can divide either organization buyer or individual buyer. First, organizational buyers are more geographically concentrated than consumer markets, who are fewer in number , but who are bulk buyers compared to individual buyers, whose markets are either vertical or horizontal. ( vertical structures who cater only one or two industries, whereas, in horizontal structure , the buyer base is too broad. Organizational demand is derived from consumer demand. The nature of demand is influential and inelastic. Organizational buying lot of formalities have proposals , quotations, procedures are to be followed unlike consumer buying, e.g. decision process is much complex with high financial risk, technical aspects, multiple influencing factors etc. Also, it requires more extensive negotiation over larger time period than consumer buyer. Second, in psychological view point, individual consumer whose personal and/or product and/or situational factors can influence consumer decision making? self-concept, needs, and values are the three psychological factors that influence individual consumer how who chooses to buy one product or consume one service. For example, the more number of consumers share a certain self image, certain value and needs. They tend to use products and services the reflect whose life style. They get highly involved in purchasing products like designer wear, imported cars, health care products etc. On the product factor aspect, e.g. the consumer involvement grows as the level of perceived risk in the purchase of a product on or service increase. It is likely that consumers will feel more involved in the purchase of their house than in the purchase of tooth paste. It is a much riskier purchase. Beside, product differentiation can also affect consumer have to choose from increases. This may be due to the fact that consumers feel variety which means greater risk. On the situational factor aspect, the product is brought or used can generate emotional involvement. For example, buying a pair of socks for yourself is far less involved than buying a gift for a close friend. Social pressure can significantly increase involvement. One is likely to be more self conscious about the products and brand one looks at when shopping with friends than when shopping alone. So, individual consumer shopping decision will be influenced by whos friends, when whose friends give ideas to influence whose buying choice decision easily.

Book Misbehaving  The Making of Behavioral Economics

Download or read book Misbehaving The Making of Behavioral Economics written by Richard H. Thaler and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2015-05-11 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics Get ready to change the way you think about economics. Nobel laureate Richard H. Thaler has spent his career studying the radical notion that the central agents in the economy are humans—predictable, error-prone individuals. Misbehaving is his arresting, frequently hilarious account of the struggle to bring an academic discipline back down to earth—and change the way we think about economics, ourselves, and our world. Traditional economics assumes rational actors. Early in his research, Thaler realized these Spock-like automatons were nothing like real people. Whether buying a clock radio, selling basketball tickets, or applying for a mortgage, we all succumb to biases and make decisions that deviate from the standards of rationality assumed by economists. In other words, we misbehave. More importantly, our misbehavior has serious consequences. Dismissed at first by economists as an amusing sideshow, the study of human miscalculations and their effects on markets now drives efforts to make better decisions in our lives, our businesses, and our governments. Coupling recent discoveries in human psychology with a practical understanding of incentives and market behavior, Thaler enlightens readers about how to make smarter decisions in an increasingly mystifying world. He reveals how behavioral economic analysis opens up new ways to look at everything from household finance to assigning faculty offices in a new building, to TV game shows, the NFL draft, and businesses like Uber. Laced with antic stories of Thaler’s spirited battles with the bastions of traditional economic thinking, Misbehaving is a singular look into profound human foibles. When economics meets psychology, the implications for individuals, managers, and policy makers are both profound and entertaining. Shortlisted for the Financial Times & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award

Book Psychological Perspectives on Financial Decision Making

Download or read book Psychological Perspectives on Financial Decision Making written by Tomasz Zaleskiewicz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the latest research from psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral economics evaluating how people make financial choices in real-life circumstances. The volume is divided into three sections investigating financial decision making at the level of the brain, the level of an individual decision maker, and the level of the society, concluding with a discussion of the implications for further research. Among the topics discussed: Neural and hormonal bases of financial decision making Personality, cognitive abilities, emotions, and financial decisions Aging and financial decision making Coping methods for making financial choices under uncertainty Stock market crashes and market bubbles Psychological perspectives on borrowing, paying taxes, gambling, and charitable giving Psychological Perspectives on Financial Decision Making is a useful reference for researchers both in and outside of psychology, including decision-making experts, consumer psychologists, and behavioral economists.

Book The Behavioral Economy and Psychological Methods to Predict Consumption

Download or read book The Behavioral Economy and Psychological Methods to Predict Consumption written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concerns how to apply psychological and economic behavioral methods to predict customeremotion. The first part concerns to how to apply psychological method to predict consumer emotion. The second part concerns to explain what behavioral economy means and how to apply behavioral economic method to predict consumer behavior.The first part concerns how to apply psychological method to predict how to manufacture the right food taste to let your consumers to like to eat your food aswell as how to produce or design your products to sell to them successfully. I shall use three science and psychology ethnographic research and facial reading technology and online consumption behavioral methods to explain how to predict your client's individual taste and need more accurate.First part concerns how to apply psychological method to predict consumer behavior. The first secton, I shall indiate how to use face reading technology predicts consumer emotion to predict how to do the acceptable ingradients to produce foods to let them to feel more enjoyable to eat sweet foods or drink softdrinking as well as how to use video camera to investigate to predict customer emotion to find what factors had attracted them to choose to buy the manufacturers' products to use and judge whether how to increase your product more attractive to win your competitors.The second section concerns how to find both what the worst attributed factor(s) had influenced the consumers to be caused to decide not to choose to buy your product as well as what the best attributed factor(s) had influenced the consumers to be caused to decide to buy your product in constructive choice process. I shall indicate how manufacturers can analyze to judge whether what the best and worst attributed factor(s) are during every consumer chooses to buy which kind of product or food in constructive choice process. The final third section concerns how to judge whether the online sale channel is more suitable or is not more suitable to compare to the visiting shop sale channel to let the product manufacturers to decide to choose to concentrate on selling their products from either of these two sale channels. Moreover, I shall indicate how to solve their website weaknesses to attract customers like to visit their websites to make final purchase decision more easily. Finally, I hope manufacturers can learn how to predict consumer emotion to decide how to invent your products to sell in the correct attitude to achieve to increase client numbers and you can learn whether you ought to choose to use which method(s) to predict your clients emotion before you invent your products or manufacture which taste foods to sell. The second part concerns how to explain what behavioral economy means and how to apply behavioral economy method to predict consumer behavior. Behavioral economics can provide more realistic psychological foundations. This part is intended to explain why consumer behaviors and economy has close relationship and apply economic concept to explain how the consumer chooses to do whose consumption of decision.In second part, it shall indicate how the process of behaviour economic field develops, then I shall show what methods are used to measure behavioural economy. Next, I shall indicate what the main two categories of behavioural economy are as well as I shall explain what risky and uncertain outcomes of individual behavior economic theories are as well as what behavioral game theory is. Finally, I shall explain how policy makers or decision makers can apply behavioral economy concept to do whose policy decision as well as I shall also indicate why behavioral economy and psychology which has close relationship to influence consumption of decision. It aims to show what the weaknesses of the standard economic model are and the behavioral economic model strengths are to predict consumer behavior. I find to use the behavioral economic mod

Book Advances in Behavioral Economics

Download or read book Advances in Behavioral Economics written by Colin F. Camerer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty years ago, behavioral economics did not exist as a field. Most economists were deeply skeptical--even antagonistic--toward the idea of importing insights from psychology into their field. Today, behavioral economics has become virtually mainstream. It is well represented in prominent journals and top economics departments, and behavioral economists, including several contributors to this volume, have garnered some of the most prestigious awards in the profession. This book assembles the most important papers on behavioral economics published since around 1990. Among the 25 articles are many that update and extend earlier foundational contributions, as well as cutting-edge papers that break new theoretical and empirical ground. Advances in Behavioral Economics will serve as the definitive one-volume resource for those who want to familiarize themselves with the new field or keep up-to-date with the latest developments. It will not only be a core text for students, but will be consulted widely by professional economists, as well as psychologists and social scientists with an interest in how behavioral insights are being applied in economics. The articles, which follow Colin Camerer and George Loewenstein's introduction, are by the editors, George A. Akerlof, Linda Babcock, Shlomo Benartzi, Vincent P. Crawford, Peter Diamond, Ernst Fehr, Robert H. Frank, Shane Frederick, Simon Gächter, David Genesove, Itzhak Gilboa, Uri Gneezy, Robert M. Hutchens, Daniel Kahneman, Jack L. Knetsch, David Laibson, Christopher Mayer, Terrance Odean, Ted O'Donoghue, Aldo Rustichini, David Schmeidler, Klaus M. Schmidt, Eldar Shafir, Hersh M. Shefrin, Chris Starmer, Richard H. Thaler, Amos Tversky, and Janet L. Yellen.

Book Handbook of Economic Psychology

Download or read book Handbook of Economic Psychology written by W.F. Van Raaij and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea to publish a Handbook of Economic Psychology came up as a natural consequence of a discussion concerning appropriate reading material for courses in economic psychology. The discussion took place a few years ago in the Department of Economic Psychology at Tilburg University, The Netherlands. It was noted that there was a surprising lack of collections of pertinent readings, to say nothing about the lack of textbooks in the English language. So the present editors, who had been involved in the discussion, decided to start working on a Handbook. The situation has changed quite a lot since then. There are now a number of books, internationally available in the English language, in economic psy chology or behavioral economics. The interest in this field of study is expanding quite impressively. The Journal of Economic Psychology is now (1988) in its ninth volume and many other journals are publishing articles in the field. The application of psychological theories and methods to economic prob lems or the study of economic experiences and behavior is variously referred to as economic psychology or behavioral economics. While in principle we do not want to overdo the differences between the two, we have a feeling that economic psychology has a slightly stronger flavor of psychology than behavioral economics which in its turn seems to be closer to economics. Psychologists tend to feel more at home in economic psychology, while economists seem to favor behavioral economics.

Book Social Psychology and Economics

Download or read book Social Psychology and Economics written by David De Cremer and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines chapters written by leading social psychologists and economists, illuminating the developing trends in explaining and understanding economic behavior in a social world. It provides insights from both fields, communicated by eloquent scholars, and demonstrates through recent research and theory how economic behaviors may be more effectively examined using a combination of both fields. Social Psychology and Economics comes at a particularly fitting time, as a psychological approach to economics has begun to flourish in recent years, and papers exploring the intersection of these two disciplines have appeared in peer-reviewed journals, opening a dynamic dialogue between previously separated fields. This volume, the first in the Society for Judgment and Decision Making Series since acquired by Psychology Press, includes chapters by economists and psychologists. It addresses a variety of economic phenomena within a social context, such as scarcity and materialism, emphasizing the importance of integrating social psychology and economics. Social Psychology and Economics is arranged in seven parts that discuss: an introduction to the topic; preferences, utility, and choice; emotions; reciprocity, cooperation, and fairness; social distance; challenges to social psychology and economics; and collaborative reflections and projections. The market for this book is students, researchers, and professionals in the disciplines of economics, psychology, business, and behavioral decision making. Graduate students and upper-level undergraduate students will consider it a useful supplemental text.

Book Handbook of Behavioural Economics and Smart Decision Making

Download or read book Handbook of Behavioural Economics and Smart Decision Making written by Morris Altman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-26 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook is a unique and original contribution of over thirty chapters on behavioural economics, examining and addressing an important stream of research where the starting assumption is that decision-makers are for the most part relatively smart or rational. This particular approach is in contrast to a theme running through much contemporary work where individuals’ behaviour is deemed irrational, biased, and error-prone, often due to how people are hardwired. In the smart people approach, where errors or biases occur and when social dilemmas arise, more often than not, improving the decision-making environment can repair these problems without hijacking or manipulating the preferences of decision-makers. This book covers a wide-range of themes from micro to macro, including various sub-disciplines within economics such as economic psychology, heuristics, fast and slow-thinking, neuroeconomics, experiments, the capabilities approach, institutional economics, methodology, nudging, ethics, and public policy.

Book Behavioral Decision Theory

Download or read book Behavioral Decision Theory written by Kazuhisa Takemura and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-29 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second edition of Behavioral Decision Theory, published in 2014. The main approach and structure of this book have been retained in the new edition. However, this second edition provides a fresh overview of the idea of behavioral decision theory and related research findings such as theoretical and empirical discoveries of preference formation, time discounting, social interaction, and social decision making. The book covers a wide range from classical to relatively recent major studies concerning behavioral decision theory, which, in brief, is a general term for descriptive theories to explain the psychological knowledge related to people’s decision-making behavior. It is called a theory but is actually a combination of various psychological theories, for which no axiomatic systems—such as those associated with the utility theory widely used in economics—have been established. The utility theory is often limited to qualitative knowledge; however, as the studies of Nobel laureates H. A. Simon, D. Kahneman, and R. Thaler have suggested, the psychological methodology and knowledge of behavioral decision theory have been applied widely in such fields as economics, business administration, and engineering and are expected to become even more useful in the future. Research into people’s decision making represents an important part in those fields, various aspects of which overlap with the scope of behavioral decision theory. This theory is closely related to behavioral economics and behavioral finance, which have come into greater use in recent years. This book will appeal especially to graduate students, advanced undergraduate students, and researchers who are interested in decision-making phenomena.

Book Neuroeconomic and Behavioral Aspects of Decision Making

Download or read book Neuroeconomic and Behavioral Aspects of Decision Making written by Kesra Nermend and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume presents the latest scientific research and trends in experimental economics, with particular focus on neuroeconomics. Derived from the 2016 Computational Methods in Experimental Economics (CMEE) conference held in Szczecin, Poland, this book features research and analysis of novel computational methods in neuroeconomics. Neuroeconomics is an interdisciplinary field that combines neuroscience, psychology and economics to build a comprehensive theory of decision making. At its core, neuroeconomics analyzes the decision-making process not only in terms of external conditions or psychological aspects, but also from the neuronal point of view by examining the cerebral conditions of decision making. The application of IT enhances the possibilities of conducting such analyses. Such studies are now performed by software that provides interaction among all the participants and possibilities to register their reactions more accurately. This book examines some of these applications and methods. Featuring contributions on both theory and application, this book is of interest to researchers, students, academics and professionals interested in experimental economics, neuroeconomics and behavioral economics.

Book Research Business Behavior and Consumer Psychology

Download or read book Research Business Behavior and Consumer Psychology written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PrefaceThis book is concerned how to apply behavioral economy method to predict consumer behavior. Also I shall compare to explain what advantages and disadvantages between any one of my solvable suggestions and the any one of the company's choice of solvable method to these any one sample industry consumer behavioral economic challenges to aim to let any reader to judge whether how to choose the solvable method is better. This book can provide sample industries to let students to learn how to behavioral economy method to predict consumer behaviors. This book divides part one and part two. Part one explains what behavioral economy function and mean is and how applying this method to predict consumer behavior. Part two explains what psychological method mean and function and how appling this method to predict consumer behavior.In Behavioral economics part, it can provide more realistic psychological foundations. This book is intended to explain why consumer behaviors and economy has close relationship and apply economic concept to explain how the consumer chooses to do whose consumption of decision. In part one, it shall indicate how the process of behaviour economic field develops, then I shall show what methods are used to measure behavioural economy. Next, I shall indicate what the main two categories of behavioural economy are as well as I shall explain what risky and uncertain outcomes of individual behavior economic theories are as well as what behavioral game theory is. Finally, I shall explain how policy makers or decision makers can apply behavioral economy concept to do whose policy decision as well as I shall also indicate why behavioral economy and psychology which has close relationship to influence consumption of decision. In this part, I shall indicate underground train and Disney entertainment theme park and University and unground train transportation and environmental protection businessmen etc. enterprises to explain how which can apply psychological methods to predict which client's preferable behavioral choice to achieve economic benefits more easily. Thus, if company or individual businessman can predict labour psychology or client psychologic consumption behavior. Then, which can have more confidence to attract more clients or reduce labour turnover. This book is suitable to any economists or policy makers or individual consumption makers or students or businessmen who have interest to learn how to apply behavioural economy methods to judge to do the most reasonable or the most right economic activities to achieve economic benefit in everyday life.

Book Handbook of Behavioral Economics   Foundations and Applications 1

Download or read book Handbook of Behavioral Economics Foundations and Applications 1 written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Behavioral Economics: Foundations and Applications presents the concepts and tools of behavioral economics. Its authors are all economists who share a belief that the objective of behavioral economics is to enrich, rather than to destroy or replace, standard economics. They provide authoritative perspectives on the value to economic inquiry of insights gained from psychology. Specific chapters in this first volume cover reference-dependent preferences, asset markets, household finance, corporate finance, public economics, industrial organization, and structural behavioural economics. This Handbook provides authoritative summaries by experts in respective subfields regarding where behavioral economics has been; what it has so far accomplished; and its promise for the future. This taking-stock is just what Behavioral Economics needs at this stage of its so-far successful career. Helps academic and non-academic economists understand recent, rapid changes in theoretical and empirical advances within behavioral economics Designed for economists already convinced of the benefits of behavioral economics and mainstream economists who feel threatened by new developments in behavioral economics Written for those who wish to become quickly acquainted with behavioral economics

Book Behavioral Law and Economics

Download or read book Behavioral Law and Economics written by Eyal Zamir and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic analysis of law: an overview -- Behavioral studies -- An overview of behavioral law and economics -- Normative implications -- Behavioral insights and basic features of the law -- Property law -- Contract law -- Consumer contracts -- Tort law -- Commercial law -- Administrative, constitutional, and international law -- Criminal law and enforcement -- Tax law and redistribution -- Litigants' behavior -- Judicial decision-making -- Evidence law

Book Behavioral Economics and Healthy Behaviors

Download or read book Behavioral Economics and Healthy Behaviors written by Yaniv Hanoch and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of behavioural economics can tell us a great deal about cognitive bias and unconscious decision-making, challenging the orthodox economic model whereby consumers make rational and informed choices. But it is in the arena of health that it perhaps offers individuals and governments the most value. In this important new book, the most pernicious health issues we face today are examined through a behavioral economic lens. It provides an essential and timely overview of how this growing field of study can reframe and offer solutions to some of the biggest health issues of our age. The book opens with an overview of the core theoretical concepts, after which each chapter assesses how behavioral economic research and practice can inform public policy across a range of health issues. Including chapters on tobacco, alcohol and drug use, physical activity, dietary intake, cancer screening and sexual health, the book integrates the key insights from the field to both developed and developing nations. Also asking important ethical questions around paternalism and informed choice, this book will be essential reading for students and researchers across psychology, economics and business and management, as well as public health professionals wishing for a concise overview of the role behavioral economics can potentially play in allowing people to live healthier lives.

Book Economic Psychology and Experimental Economics

Download or read book Economic Psychology and Experimental Economics written by Simon Kemp and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last ten years have seen an enormous surge of interest in issues that are common to psychology and economics. How do people make decisions about economic issues? How should they make such decisions? Does public policy or regulation succeed in its aim of helping people make these decisions? What situations aid cooperation? This volume explores some of the ways in which economists and psychologists have tried to answer these questions. The authors are an international mix of economists and psychologists, and as such they demonstrate a diverse range of approaches to tackling different aspects of these issues. This is a frontier area for both psychology and economics, and consequently it is relatively free, lawless and, above all, exciting. This collection reflects the diversity and energy that characterise this rapidly growing interdisciplinary field. This book was originally published as a special issue of New Zealand Economic Papers.