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Book The Experience of a Slave in South Carolina   Edited by W  M  S

Download or read book The Experience of a Slave in South Carolina Edited by W M S written by John Andrew Jackson and published by . This book was released on 1862 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Experience of a Slave in South Carolina by John Andrew Jackson, first published in 1862, is a rare manuscript, the original residing in one of the great libraries of the world. This book is a reproduction of that original, which has been scanned and cleaned by state-of-the-art publishing tools for better readability and enhanced appreciation. Restoration Editors' mission is to bring long out of print manuscripts back to life. Some smudges, annotations or unclear text may still exist, due to permanent damage to the original work. We believe the literary significance of the text justifies offering this reproduction, allowing a new generation to appreciate it.

Book Live at Jackson Station

    Book Details:
  • Author : Daniel M. Harrison
  • Publisher : Univ of South Carolina Press
  • Release : 2021-01-28
  • ISBN : 1643361465
  • Pages : 257 pages

Download or read book Live at Jackson Station written by Daniel M. Harrison and published by Univ of South Carolina Press. This book was released on 2021-01-28 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The smoke was thick, the music was loud, and the beer was flowing. In the fast-and-loose 1980s, Jackson Station Rhythm & Blues Club in Hodges, South Carolina, was a festive late-night roadhouse filled with people from all walks of life who gathered to listen to the live music of high-energy performers. Housed in a Reconstruction-era railway station, the blues club embraced local Southern culture and brought a cosmopolitan vibe to the South Carolina backcountry. Over the years, Jackson Station became known as one of the most iconic blues bars in the South. It offered an exciting venue for local and traveling musical artists, including Widespread Panic, the Swimming Pool Qs, Bob Margolin, Tinsley Ellis, and R&B legend Nappy Brown, who loved to keep playing long after sunrise. The good times ground to a terrifying halt in the early morning hours of April 7, 1990. A brutal attack—an apparent hate crime—on the owner Gerald Jackson forever altered the lives of all involved. In this fast-paced narrative, Jackson Station emerges as a cultural kaleidoscope that served as an oasis of tolerance and diversity in a time and place that often suffered from undercurrents of bigotry and violence—an uneasy coexistence of incongruent forces that have long permeated southern life and culture.

Book Black  White    Olive Drab

    Book Details:
  • Author : Andrew H. Myers
  • Publisher : University of Virginia Press
  • Release : 2006
  • ISBN : 9780813925752
  • Pages : 316 pages

Download or read book Black White Olive Drab written by Andrew H. Myers and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the first Army bases to implement on a large scale President Truman's call for racial integration of the armed forces, Fort Jackson, South Carolina, quickly took its place in the Defense Department's official history of the process. What reporters, and later on, historians, overlooked was the interaction between the integration of Fort Jackson and developments, in particular, the civil rights movement, in the wider communities in which the base is situated.In Black, White, and Olive Drab, Andrew H. Myers redresses this oversight; taking a case-study approach, Myers meticulously weaves together a wide range of official records, newspaper accounts, and personal interviews, revealing the impact of Fort Jackson's integration on the desegregation of civilian buses, schools, housing, and public facilities in the surrounding area. Examining the ways in which commanders and staff at the installation navigated challenges over racial issues in their dealings with municipal authorities, state politicians, federal legislators, and the upper echelons of the military bureaucracy, Myers also addresses how post leaders dealt with the potential for participation in civil rights demonstrations by soldiers under their command. Original and provocative, Black, White, and Olive Drab will engage historians and sociologists who study military-social relations, the civil rights movement, African American history, and the South, as well as those who are interested in or familiar with basic training or the American armed forces.

Book Fort Jackson

    Book Details:
  • Author : David Galassie
  • Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
  • Release : 2019
  • ISBN : 1467104205
  • Pages : 128 pages

Download or read book Fort Jackson written by David Galassie and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2019 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fort Jackson is a sprawling military base east of Columbia, South Carolina. With the impending entry of America into World War I, city fathers recognized the country's need for military training camps and made a successful proposal to the US Army for construction of a camp near Columbia. Named after Andrew Jackson, the hero of the Battle of New Orleans and the seventh US president, Camp Jackson soon became the home of the famous 81st "Wildcat" Division and, later, the 5th Infantry Division. Over time, the camp's prospects waned, but the advent of another world war brought renewed interest in the camp and its eventual designation as Fort Jackson in 1940. Fort Jackson has been instrumental in the mobilization and training of troops for service in the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Global War on Terror. Today, Fort Jackson is the Army's premier basic training installation, responsible for over 50 percent of Army trainees each year.

Book Andrew Jackson  Southerner

Download or read book Andrew Jackson Southerner written by Mark R. Cheathem and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2013-10-07 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many Americans view Andrew Jackson as a frontiersman who fought duels, killed Indians, and stole another man's wife. Historians have traditionally presented Jackson as a man who struggled to overcome the obstacles of his backwoods upbringing and helped create a more democratic United States. In his compelling new biography of Jackson, Mark R. Cheathem argues for a reassessment of these long-held views, suggesting that in fact "Old Hickory" lived as an elite southern gentleman. Jackson grew up along the border between North Carolina and South Carolina, a district tied to Charleston, where the city's gentry engaged in the transatlantic marketplace. Jackson then moved to North Carolina, where he joined various political and kinship networks that provided him with entrée into society. In fact, Cheathem contends, Jackson had already started to assume the characteristics of a southern gentleman by the time he arrived in Middle Tennessee in 1788. After moving to Nashville, Jackson further ensconced himself in an exclusive social order by marrying the daughter of one of the city's cofounders, engaging in land speculation, and leading the state militia. Cheathem notes that through these ventures Jackson grew to own multiple plantations and cultivated them with the labor of almost two hundred slaves. His status also enabled him to build a military career focused on eradicating the nation's enemies, including Indians residing on land desired by white southerners. Jackson's military success eventually propelled him onto the national political stage in the 1820s, where he won two terms as president. Jackson's years as chief executive demonstrated the complexity of the expectations of elite white southern men, as he earned the approval of many white southerners by continuing to pursue Manifest Destiny and opposing the spread of abolitionism, yet earned their ire because of his efforts to fight nullification and the Second Bank of the United States. By emphasizing Jackson's southern identity -- characterized by violence, honor, kinship, slavery, and Manifest Destiny -- Cheathem's narrative offers a bold new perspective on one of the nineteenth century's most renowned and controversial presidents.

Book Olive Branch and Sword

    Book Details:
  • Author : Merrill D. Peterson
  • Publisher : LSU Press
  • Release : 1999-03-01
  • ISBN : 9780807124970
  • Pages : 152 pages

Download or read book Olive Branch and Sword written by Merrill D. Peterson and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dominated by the personalities of three towering figures of the nation's middle period -- Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and President Andrew Jackson -- Olive Branch and Sword: The Compromise of 1833 tells of the political and rhetorical dueling that brought about the Compromise of 1833, resolving the crisis of the Union caused by South Carolina's nullification of the protective tariff.In 1832 South Carolina's John C. Calhoun denounced the entire protectionist system as unconstitutional, unequal, and founded on selfish sectional interests. Opposing him was Henry Clay, the Kentucky senator and champion of the protectionists. Both Calhoun and Clay had presidential ambitions, and neither could agree on any issue save their common opposition to President Jackson, who seemed to favor a military solution to the South Carolina problem. It was only when Clay, after the most complicated maneuverings, produced the Compromise of 1833 that he, Calhoun, and Jackson could agree to coexist peaceably within the Union.The compromise consisted of two key parts. The Compromise Tariff, written by Clay and approved by Calhoun, provided for the gradual reduction of duties to the revenue level of 20 percent. The Force Bill, enacted at the request of President Jackson, authorized the use of military force, if necessary, to put down nullification in South Carolina. The two acts became, respectively, the olive branch and the sword of the compromise that preserved the peace, the Union, and the Constitution in 1833.A careful study of what has become a neglected event in American political history, Merrill D. Peterson's work spans a period of over thirty years -- sketching the background of national policy out of which nullification arose, detailing the explosive events of 1832 and 1833, and then tracing the consequences of the compromise through the dozen or so years that it remained in public controversy. Considering as well the larger question of decision making and policy making in the Jacksonian republic, Peterson nonetheless never loses sight of the crucial role played by the ambitions, whims, and passions of such men as Calhoun, Clay, and Jackson in determining the course of history.

Book History  Annual Supplement

Download or read book History Annual Supplement written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Mutiny at Fort Jackson

    Book Details:
  • Author : Michael D. Pierson
  • Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
  • Release : 2009-01-01
  • ISBN : 0807887021
  • Pages : 265 pages

Download or read book Mutiny at Fort Jackson written by Michael D. Pierson and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Orleans was the largest city--and one of the richest--in the Confederacy, protected in part by Fort Jackson, which was just sixty-five miles down the Mississippi River. On April 27, 1862, Confederate soldiers at Fort Jackson rose up in mutiny against their commanding officers. New Orleans fell to Union forces soon thereafter. Although the Fort Jackson mutiny marked a critical turning point in the Union's campaign to regain control of this vital Confederate financial and industrial center, it has received surprisingly little attention from historians. Michael Pierson examines newly uncovered archival sources to determine why the soldiers rebelled at such a decisive moment. The mutineers were soldiers primarily recruited from New Orleans's large German and Irish immigrant populations. Pierson shows that the new nation had done nothing to encourage poor white men to feel they had a place of honor in the southern republic. He argues that the mutineers actively sought to help the Union cause. In a major reassessment of the Union administration of New Orleans that followed, Pierson demonstrates that Benjamin "Beast" Butler enjoyed the support of many white Unionists in the city. Pierson adds an urban working-class element to debates over the effects of white Unionists in Confederate states. With the personal stories of soldiers appearing throughout, Mutiny at Fort Jackson presents the Civil War from a new perspective, revealing the complexities of New Orleans society and the Confederate experience.

Book Selling Andrew Jackson

    Book Details:
  • Author : Rachel Stephens
  • Publisher : Univ of South Carolina Press
  • Release : 2018-06-15
  • ISBN : 1611178673
  • Pages : 342 pages

Download or read book Selling Andrew Jackson written by Rachel Stephens and published by Univ of South Carolina Press. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough examination of the portrait painter who helped shape the image and reputation of an American president Selling Andrew Jackson is the first book-length study of the American portrait painter Ralph E. W. Earl, who worked as Andrew Jackson's personal artist from 1817 until Earl's death in 1838. During this period Jackson held Earl in close council, even providing him residence at the Hermitage, Jackson's home in Tennessee, and at the White House during his presidency. In this well-researched and comprehensive volume, Rachel Stephens examines Earl's role in Jackson's inner circle and the influence of his portraits on Jackson's political career and historical legacy. By investigating the role that visual culture played in early American history, Stephens reveals the fascinating connections between politics and portraiture in order to challenge existing frameworks for grasping the inner workings of early nineteenth-century politics. Stephens argues that understanding the role Earl played within Jackson's coterie is critical to understanding the trajectory of Jackson's career. Earl, she concludes, should be credited with playing the propagandistic role of image-shaper—long before such a position existed within American presidential politics. Earl's portraits became fine art icons that changed in character and context as Jackson matured from the hero of the Battle of New Orleans to the first common-man president to the leader of the Democratic party, and finally to the rustic sage of the Hermitage. Jackson and Earl worked as a team to exploit an emerging political culture that sought pictures of famous people to complement the nation's exploding mass culture, grounded on printing, fast communications, and technological innovation. To further this cause, Earl operated a printmaking enterprise and used his portrait images to create engravings and lithographs to spread Jackson's influence into homes and businesses. Portraits became vehicles to portray political allegiances, middle-class cultural aspirations, and the conspicuous trappings of wealth and power. Through a comprehensive analysis of primary sources including those detailing Jackson's politics, contemporary political cartoons and caricatures, portraits and prints, and the social and economic history of the period, Stephens illuminates the man they pictured in new ways, seeking to broaden the understanding of such a complicated figure in American history.

Book Keowee Valley

    Book Details:
  • Author : Katherine Scott Crawford
  • Publisher : Bell Bridge Books
  • Release : 2012-09-27
  • ISBN : 161194192X
  • Pages : 348 pages

Download or read book Keowee Valley written by Katherine Scott Crawford and published by Bell Bridge Books. This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A glorious debut from a gifted author." - Adriana Trigiani, bestselling author of Big Stone Gap and The Shoemaker's Wife On the edge of the wilderness, her adventure began. "Keowee Valley is a terrific first novel by Katherine Scott Crawford--a name that should be remembered. She has a lovely prose style, a great sense of both humor and history, and she tells about a time in South Carolina that I never even imagined." --Pat Conroy, bestselling author of The Prince of Tides and South of Broad. She journeyed into the wilderness to find a kidnapped relative. She stayed to build a new life filled with adventure, danger, and passion. Spring, 1768. The Southern frontier is a treacherous wilderness inhabited by the powerful Cherokee people. In Charlestown, South Carolina, twenty-five-year-old Quincy MacFadden receives news from beyond the grave: her cousin, a man she'd believed long dead, is alive--held captive by the Shawnee Indians. Unmarried, bookish, and plagued by visions of the future, Quinn is a woman out of place . . . and this is the opportunity for which she's been longing. Determined to save two lives, her cousin's and her own, Quinn travels the rugged Cherokee Path into the South Carolina Blue Ridge. But in order to rescue her cousin, Quinn must trust an enigmatic half-Cherokee tracker whose loyalties may lie elsewhere. As translator to the British army, Jack Wolf walks a perilous line between a King he hates and a homeland he loves. When Jack is ordered to negotiate for Indian loyalty in the Revolution to come, the pair must decide: obey the Crown, or commit treason . . . Katherine Scott Crawford was born and raised in the blue hills of the South Carolina Upcountry, the history and setting of which inspired Keowee Valley. Winner of a North Carolina Arts Award, she is a former newspaper reporter and outdoor educator, a college English teacher, and an avid hiker. She lives with her family in the mountains of Western North Carolina, where she tries to resist the siren call of her passport as she works on her next novel. Visit her at: www.katherinescottcrawford.com.

Book North Augusta

    Book Details:
  • Author : Jeanne M. McDaniel
  • Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
  • Release : 2006
  • ISBN : 9780738541723
  • Pages : 138 pages

Download or read book North Augusta written by Jeanne M. McDaniel and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of James U. Jackson and the history of North Augusta are inseparable. In the 1800s, James U. Jackson was one of the youngest railroad officials in the country. As a boy, he dreamed of developing the area on the bluffs across the Savannah River from Augusta, Georgia. That dream became a reality in 1906, when the community of North Augusta was incorporated. Not only a man of vision, Jackson's energy, drive, and personality enabled him to secure financial backing from several cities for his business ventures. His interurban railway, one of the first in the South, contributed to the development of the area's resort hotel industry, which catered to many people from the North during the winter months. Today, North Augusta's riverfront development continues, distinguishing it as a strong and independent community. James U. Jackson's dream continues to prosper.

Book Andrew Jackson

Download or read book Andrew Jackson written by H. W. Brands and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2006-10-10 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BESTSELLER • From the two-time Pulitzer Prize finalist and New York Times bestselling author of The First American comes the first major single-volume biography in a decade of the president who defined American democracy • "A big, rich biography.” —The Boston Globe H. W. Brands reshapes our understanding of this fascinating man, and of the Age of Democracy that he ushered in. An orphan at a young age and without formal education or the family lineage of the Founding Fathers, Jackson showed that the presidency was not the exclusive province of the wealthy and the well-born but could truly be held by a man of the people. On a majestic, sweeping scale Brands re-creates Jackson’s rise from his hardscrabble roots to his days as frontier lawyer, then on to his heroic victory in the Battle of New Orleans, and finally to the White House. Capturing Jackson’s outsized life and deep impact on American history, Brands also explores his controversial actions, from his unapologetic expansionism to the disgraceful Trail of Tears. Look for H.W. Brands's other biographies: THE FIRST AMERICAN (Benjamin Franklin), THE MAN WHO SAVED THE UNION (Ulysses S. Grant), TRAITOR TO HIS CLASS (Franklin Roosevelt) and REAGAN.

Book Refuge

    Book Details:
  • Author : Dot Jackson
  • Publisher : Diversion Publishing Corp.
  • Release : 2017-12-12
  • ISBN : 1635763428
  • Pages : 436 pages

Download or read book Refuge written by Dot Jackson and published by Diversion Publishing Corp.. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An intensely readable novel of the complexity of family ties . . . Dot Jackson is a true Southern voice, a master storyteller and an Appalachian treasure” (Dori Sanders, author of Clover and Her Own Place). Early one morning in 1929, Mary Seneca Steele spontaneously packs a suitcase, gathers up her son and daughter, and drives away in her abusive and dissolute husband’s brand-new Auburn Phaeton automobile leaving her privileged life in Charleston behind. It is the beginning of a journey of enlightenment that leads Mary “Sen” to the mountains and mysteries of Appalachia where she will learn unexpected family secrets, create a new life for herself and her children, and finally experience love and happiness before tragedy will once again test her. Written by Pulitzer Prize–nominated author, Dot Jackson has spun a story that will captivate readers looking for an entertaining saga of self-discovery, family, love, loss, and redemption. “Refuge is a wonderful story about the need to find one’s place in the world—and the price paid to remain there. With her narrative gift and keen ear for Appalachian speech, Dot Jackson gives her readers a beautifully rendered portrait of a lost time and place.” —Ron Rash, author of Serena and The Cove

Book The Family Doctor Speaks

Download or read book The Family Doctor Speaks written by Jr. M. D. Jackson and published by Xulon Press. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: He couldn't believe what he was asked. At his medical school interview, Dr. Robert Jackson, Jr. remembers being asked his feelings about abortion, which being pro-life meant he was against. Little did he know he would journey a pro-life pilgrimage as a Christian doctor not only caring for patients' medical needs, but in speaking the truth in love against abortion. His medical testimony and patient stories embody his new book, The Family Doctor Speaks - The Truth About Life, where he describes becoming a Christian doctor in Manning, South Carolina during the early Roe vs. Wade generation. Over the years, he continued to strengthen his pro-life stance and became a doctor counseling patients with Christian principles of child-raising. Abortion statistics and its contrast to scriptural truths the book presents, but the stories of lives touched by Robert's pro-life guidance in love are most impactful in the battle of pro-life vs. abortion.

Book The American College in the Nineteenth Century

Download or read book The American College in the Nineteenth Century written by Roger L. Geiger and published by Vanderbilt University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Counter Roger L. Geiger's collection of essays and interpretive introduction shows the growth of colleges in America over the nineteenth century, from eighteen schools at the beginning of the century to 450 Universities by the end, which transformed the life of the nation.

Book In Defense of Andrew Jackson

Download or read book In Defense of Andrew Jackson written by Bradley J. Birzer and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-09-11 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "He was a man of the frontier, self-made but appreciative of those who gave him their loyalty and support. He was, pure and simple, and American..." He was controversial in his time—and even more controversial in our own. Indian fighter, ardent patriot, hero of the War of 1812, the very embodiment of America’s democratic and frontier spirit, Andrew Jackson was an iconic figure. Today, Jackson is criticized and reviled – condemned as a slave-owner, repudiated as the president who dispatched the Indians down the “Trail of Tears,” dropped with embarrassment by the Democratic Party, and demanded by many to be removed from the twenty-dollar bill. Who is the real Andrew Jackson? The beloved Old Hickory whom Americans once revered? Or the villain who has become a prime target of the Social Justice Warriors? Using letters, diaries, newspaper columns, and notes, historian Bradley Birzer provides a fresh and enlightening perspective on Jackson —unvarnished, true to history, revealing why President Donald Trump sees Andrew Jackson as a political role model, and illustrating the strong parallels between the anxieties of Jacksonian America and the anxieties of the "Hillbilly Elegy" voting bloc of today. In this brilliant new book, Bradley Birzer makes the case that Jackson was… The epitome of the American frontier republican. Passionately devoted to individual liberty. A staunch proponent of Christian morality. Not only dedicated but also vital to the preservation of the Union. A significant and influential role model to President Donald J. Trump. In Defense of Andrew Jackson sets the record straight on our seventh president, revealing a radically new but historically accurate perspective on Jackson. “I’m not an Andrew Jackson fan, but I’m definitely a Bradley Birzer fan. His case for Old Hickory is as strong as any I’ve seen and deserves to be reckoned with.”- THOMAS E. WOODS JR., author of The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History. “Most discussion of Andrew Jackson falls into predictable ruts, defaulting automatically to clichés that reflect more on our own time than his. Whether America is entering another ‘Jacksonian’ period depends upon understanding the first one more clearly, and we have Bradley Birzer to thank for taking up a spirited defense of this complicated man and his legacy.” - STEVEN F. HAYWARD, author of The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution 1980-1989. “Liberal revisionists have pounded Andrew Jackson down to the point where Democrats are ashamed to admit he founded their party. In Defense of Andrew Jackson sets the record straight on America’s first populist president.” - JAMES S. ROBBINS, author of Erasing America: Losing Our Future by Destroying Our Past. “As a man and a military hero, Andrew Jackson is as American as they come. But in this timely biography, Bradley Birzer has managed to peel back layers of cliché and reveal our seventh president as a more complex human being than current textbooks allow.” - GLEAVES WHITNEY, director of Grand Valley State University’s Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies.

Book Jesse

    Book Details:
  • Author : Marshall Frady
  • Publisher : Simon & Schuster
  • Release : 2006-11-28
  • ISBN : 9780743291446
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Jesse written by Marshall Frady and published by Simon & Schuster. This book was released on 2006-11-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A native South Carolinian, Marshall Frady was a journalist for over twenty-five years, writing principally on political figures and racial and social tensions in the American culture, first as a correspondent for Newsweek, then for Life, Harper's, Esquire, The New York Review of Books, The Sunday Times of London, Atlantic Monthly, and The New Yorker. In the 1980s, Frady was chief writer and host of ABC News Documentary Series "Closeup," for which he won two Emmy's, the Cine Golden Eagle, and the duPont-Columbia Award, and a correspondent for "Nightline." In the 90's, he co-wrote the screenplay for the TNT miniseries "George Wallace," directed by John Frankenheimer, which won three CableACE awards, a Golden Globe for best miniseries, the Humanitas Award for writing, three Emmy awards and the Peabody Award. He also wrote and narrated the PBS "Frontline" Documentary, "The Pilgrimage of Jesse Jackson." He was the author of seven books: Wallace (1968), Across a Darkling Plain: An American's Passage Through the Middle East (1971), Billy Graham: A Parable of American Righteousness (1979), Southerners: A Journalist's Odyssey (1980), which was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize, Jesse: The Life and Pilgrimage of Jesse Jackson (1996), and Martin Luther King Jr. (2002), a volume in the Penguin Lives series. He died on March 9, 2004.