Download or read book Isospin violating Dark Matter and Direct Detection Experiments written by Zakary Whittamore and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hints of direct detection of dark matter have been presented by the DAMA, CoGeNT, and CRESST collaborations, despite a number of null results that seem to contradict such claims. Although standard spin-independent dark matter is not capable of reconciling the results, dark matter models containing isospin-violating couplings have shown promise in solving the issues surrounding direct detection of dark matter. Inelastic or momentum-dependent scattering dark matter has also been shown to help alleviate these tensions. In light of the 2012 XENON100 observations, updated analysis of surface event contamination at CoGeNT, revision of the energy resolution employed by XENON10, and new results from the CDMS-II silicon detectors, we study the extent to which spin-independent, spin-dependent, and combined models of isospin-violating dark matter are capable of explaining current direct detection data. Moreover, we explore the effect of an energy-dependent sodium quenching factor $Q_{\rm Na}$ for fitting the DAMA observations, and give an isospin-violating prediction for XENON1T. In addition to the usual analysis involving phase space plots, we investigate a halo-independent model of dark matter in the space of minimum velocities required for a dark matter particle to scatter off a given nucleus. For the first time, such an analysis is performed for models of dark matter which embrace both inelastic and isospin-violating couplings, as well as for dark matter with momentum- and spin dependent interactions. With respect to the models considered herein, our results do not support a dark matter interpretation of direct detection data in either the standard or halo-independent formalisms." --

Download or read book Direct Dark Matter Detection Phenomenology written by Jayden L. Newstead and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The identity and origin of dark matter is one of the more elusive mysteries in the fields of particle physics and cosmology. In the near future, direct dark matter detectors will offer a chance at observing dark matter non-gravitationally for the first time. In this thesis, formalisms are developed to analyze direct detection experiments and to quantify the extent to which properties of the dark matter can be determined. A range of non-standard assumptions about the dark matter are considered, including inelastic scattering, isospin violation and momentum dependent scattering. Bayesian inference is applied to realistic detector configurations to evaluate parameter estimation and model selection ability. A complete set of simplified models for spin-0, spin-1/2 and spin-1 dark matter candidates are formulated. The corresponding non-relativistic operators are found, and are used to derive observational signals for the simplified models. The ability to discern these simplified models with direct detection experiments is demonstrated. In the near future direct dark matter detectors will be sensitive to coherent neutrino scattering, which will limit the discovery potential of these experiments. It was found that eleven of the fourteen non-relativistic operators considered produce signals distinct from coherent scattering, and thus the neutrino background does not greatly affect the discovery potential in these cases.

Download or read book New Constraints on Isospin Violating Dark Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aspects of Dark Matter Phenomenology written by Christopher McCabe and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying the relic particles that constitute the cold dark matter in our Universe is an outstanding problem in astro-particle physics. Direct detection experiments are among the most promising methods of detecting particle dark matter through non-gravitational interactions. In this thesis, the usual assumptions made when calculating the event rate at direct detection experiments are examined. Varying astrophysical parameters and the dark matter velocity distribution leads to significant changes in acceptance regions and exclusion curves for scenarios in which the tail of the velocity distribution is sampled; this includes 'light dark matter' (mass less than 10 GeV) and 'inelastic dark matter'. The DAMA and CoGeNT collaborations both report an annual modulation in their event rate that they attribute to dark matter. Two analyses of these experiments are performed. In the first, it is shown that these experiments can be compatible with each other and with the constraints from other direct detection experiments. This requires some isospin violation in the couplings of dark matter to protons and neutrons and a small inelastic splitting to boost the modulation fraction. The second analysis provides a comparison of the modulation signals free from all astrophysical parameters, under the assumption that dark matter scatters elastically. Again it is found that some isospin violation and a boosted modulation fraction is required in order that DAMA and CoGeNT are consistent with all experiments. A boosted modulation fraction may arise from a velocity distribution different from the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, which is usually assumed. Finally, a supersymmetric theory in which the dark matter candidate is a mixture of left- and right-handed sneutrino is considered. This theory has many novel signatures at colliders, indirect detection and direct detection experiments.

Download or read book The Theory of Direct Dark Matter Detection written by Eugenio Del Nobile and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a pedagogical guide on how to make computations in direct dark matter (DM) detection. The theory behind the calculation of direct detection cross sections and rates is presented, touching aspects related to elementary particle physics, hadronic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. The book is structured in self-contained sections, covering several topics ranging from the scattering kinematics to the phenomenology of direct DM searches. It follows a model-independent approach, aiming at providing the readers with all that is needed to understand the theory and start their own analysis. Meant for graduate students and researchers with interests in particle physics and phenomenology, it is enriched with several worked examples from standard and non-standard particle DM models. Senior researchers working in different areas related to dark matter, like particle and nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, find in this book a useful and updated guide for reference.

Download or read book Tests of WIMP Dark Matter Candidates with Direct Dark Matter Detection Experiments written by Andreea Georgescu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We reexamine the current direct dark matter (DM) detection data for several types of DM candidates, both assuming the Standard Halo Model (SHM) and in a halo-independent manner. We consider the potential signals for light WIMPs that have appeared in three direct detection searches: DAMA, CDMS-II-Si, and CoGeNT, and we analyze their compatibility with the null results of other direct detection experiments. We first consider light WIMPs with exothermic scattering with nuclei (exoDM). Exothermic interactions favor light targets, thus reducing the importance of upper limits derived from Xe targets, the most restrictive of which is at present the LUX limit. In our SHM analysis the CDMS-II-Si and CoGeNT regions become allowed by these bounds, however the SuperCDMS limit rejects both regions for exoDM with isospin-conserving couplings. An isospin-violating coupling of the exoDM, in particular one with a neutron to proton coupling ratio of -0.8 (which we call "Ge-phobic"), maximally reduces the DM coupling to Ge and allows the CDMS-II-Si region to become compatible with all upper bounds. This is also clearly shown in our halo-independent analysis. Next, we extend and correct a recently proposed maximum-likelihood halo-independent method to analyze unbinned direct DM detection data. Instead of the recoil energy as an independent variable, we use the minimum speed a DM particle must have to impart a given recoil energy to a nucleus. This has the advantage of allowing us to apply the method to any type of target composition and interaction, e.g. with general momentum and velocity dependence, and with elastic or inelastic scattering. We prove the method and provide a rigorous statistical interpretation of the results. As first applications, we find that for dark matter particles with elastic spin-independent interactions and neutron to proton coupling ratio $f_n/f_p=-0.7$ ("Xe-phobic", which reduces maximally the coupling to Xe), the WIMP interpretation of the signal observed by CDMS-II-Si is compatible with the constraints imposed by all other experiments with null results. We also find a similar compatibility for exothermic inelastic spin-independent interactions with $f_n/f_p=-0.8$. Finally, we reexamine the interpretation of the annual modulation signal observed by the DAMA experiment as due to WIMPs with a spin-dependent coupling mostly to protons. We consider both axial-vector and pseudo-scalar couplings, and elastic as well as endothermic and exothermic inelastic scattering. We conclude that the DAMA signal is in strong tension with null results of other direct detection experiments, particularly PICASSO and KIMS.

Download or read book Light Dark Matter in the Light of CRESST II written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently the CRESST collaboration has published the long anticipated results of their direct Dark Matter (DM) detection experiment with a CaWO4 target. The number of observed events exceeds known backgrounds at more than 4[sigma] significance, and this excess could potentially be due to DM scattering. We confront this interpretation with null results from other direct detection experiments for a number of theoretical models, and find that consistency is achieved in non-minimal models such as inelastic DM and isospin-violating DM. In both cases mild tension with constraints remain. The CRESST data can, however, not be reconciled with the null results and with the positive signals from DAMA and CoGeNT simultaneously in any of the models we study.

Download or read book Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe written by David Cline and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings provide the latest results on dark matter and dark energy research. The UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy hosted its tenth Dark Matter and Dark Energy conference in Marina del Rey and brought together all the leaders in the field. The symposium provided a scientific forum for the latest discussions in the field. Topics covered at the symposium: •Status of measurements of the equation of state of dark energy and new experiments •The search for missing energy events at the LHC and implications for dark matter search •Theoretical calculations on all forms of dark matter (SUSY, axions, sterile neutrinos, etc.) •Status of the indirect search for dark matter •Status of the direct search for dark matter in detectors around the world •The low-mass wimp search region •The next generation of very large dark matter detectors •New underground laboratories for dark matter search

Download or read book Particle Dark Matter written by Gianfranco Bertone and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology for graduate students and researchers.

Download or read book High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider HL LHC written by G.. Apollinari and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Search for Dark Matter with the ATLAS Detector written by Johanna Gramling and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses searches for Dark Matter at the CERN’s LHC, the world’s most powerful accelerator. It introduces the relevant theoretical framework and includes an in-depth discussion of the Effective Field Theory approach to Dark Matter production and its validity, as well as an overview of the formalism of Simplified Dark Matter models. Despite overwhelming astrophysical evidence for Dark Matter and numerous experimental efforts to detect it, the nature of Dark Matter still remains a mystery and has become one of the hottest research topics in fundamental physics. Two searches for Dark Matter are presented, performed on data collected with the ATLAS experiment. They analyze missing-energy final states with a jet or with top quarks. The analyses are explained in detail, and the outcomes and their interpretations are discussed, also in view of the precedent analysis of theoretical approaches. Given its depth of coverage, the book represents an excellent reference guide for all physicists interested in understanding the theoretical and experimental considerations relevant to Dark Matter searches at the LHC.

Download or read book Strangeness and Charge Symmetry Violation in Nucleon Structure written by Phiala Elisabeth Shanahan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis discusses two key topics: strangeness and charge symmetry violation (CSV) in the nucleon. It also provides a pedagogical introduction to chiral effective field theory tailored to the high-precision era of lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Because the nucleon has zero net strangeness, strange observables give tremendous insight into the nature of the vacuum; they can only arise through quantum fluctuations in which strange–antistrange quark pairs are generated. As a result, the precise values of these quantities within QCD are important in physics arenas as diverse as precision tests of QCD, searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, and the interpretation of dark matter direct-detection experiments. Similarly, the precise knowledge of CSV observables has, with increasing experimental precision, become essential to the interpretation of many searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. In this thesis, the numerical lattice gauge theory approach to QCD is combined with the chiral perturbation theory formalism to determine strange and CSV quantities in a diverse range of observables including the octet baryon masses, sigma terms, electromagnetic form factors, and parton distribution functions. This thesis builds a comprehensive and coherent picture of the current status of understanding of strangeness and charge symmetry violation in the nucleon.

Download or read book Yet Another Introduction to Dark Matter written by Martin Bauer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark matter is a frequently discussed topic in contemporary particle physics. Written strictly in the language of particle physics and quantum field theory, these course-based lecture notes focus on a set of standard calculations that students need in order to understand weakly interacting dark matter candidates. After introducing some general features of these dark matter agents and their main competitors, the Higgs portal scalar and supersymmetric neutralinos are introduced as our default models. In turn, this serves as a basis for exploring four experimental aspects: the dark matter relic density extracted from the cosmic microwave background; indirect detection including the Fermi galactic center excess; direct detection; and collider searches. Alternative approaches, like an effective theory of dark matter and simplified models, naturally follow from the discussions of these four experimental directions.

Download or read book Poker Face of Inelastic Dark Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The XENON100 and CRESST experiments will directly test the inelastic dark matter explanation for DAMA's 8.9[sigma] anomaly. This article discusses how predictions for direct detection experiments depend on uncertainties in quenching factor measurements, the dark matter interaction with the Standard Model and the halo velocity distribution. When these uncertainties are accounted for, an order of magnitude variation is found in the number of expected events at CRESST and XENON100. The process of testing the DAMA anomaly highlights many of the challenges inherent to direct detection experiments. In addition to determining the properties of the unknown dark matter particle, direct detection experiments must also consider the unknown flux of the incident dark matter, as well as uncertainties in converting a signal from one target nucleus to another. The predictions for both the CRESST 2009 run and XENON100 2010 run show an order of magnitude uncertainty. The nuclear form factor for 184W, when combined with additional theoretical and experimental uncertainties, will likely prevent CRESST from refuting the iDM hypothesis with an exposure of [Omicron](100 kg-d) in a model-independent manner. XENON100, on the other hand, will be able to make a definitive statement about a spin-independent, inelastically scattering dark matter candidate. Still, the CRESST 2009 data can potentially confirm iDM for a large range of parameter space. In case of a positive signal, the combined data from CRESST and XENON100 will start probing the properties of the Milky Way DM profile and the interaction of the SM with the dark matter.

Download or read book Supersymmetry After the Higgs Discovery written by Ignatios Antoniadis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supersymmetry (SUSY) is a new symmetry that relates bosons and fermions, which has strong support at both the mathematical and the physical level. This book offers a comprehensive review, following the development of SUSY from its very early days up to present. The order of the contributions should provide the reader with the historical development as well as the latest theoretical updates and interpretations, and experimental constraints from particle accelerators and dark matter searches. It is a great pleasure to bring together here contributions from authors who initiated or have contributed significantly to the development of this theory over so many years. To present a balanced point of view, the book also includes a closing contribution that attempts to describe the physics beyond the Standard Model in the absence of SUSY. The contributions to this book have been previously published in The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields.

Download or read book Noble Gas Detectors written by Elena Aprile and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the physical properties of noble fluids, operational principles of detectors based on these media, and the best technical solutions to the design of these detectors. Essential attention is given to detector technology: purification methods and monitoring of purity, information readout methods, electronics, detection of hard ultra-violet light emission, selection of materials, cryogenics etc. The book is mostly addressed to physicists and graduate students involved in the preparation of fundamental next generation experiments, nuclear engineers developing instrumentation for national nuclear security and for monitoring nuclear materials.

Download or read book Dark Matter Limits Froma 15 Kg Windowless Bubble Chamber written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COUPP collaboration has successfully used bubble chambers, a technology previously applied only to high-energy physics experiments, as direct dark matter detectors. It has produced the world's most stringent spin-dependent WIMP limits, and increasingly competitive spin-independent limits. These limits were achieved by capitalizing on an intrinsic rejection of the gamma background that all other direct detection experiments must address through high-density shielding and empirically-determined data cuts. The history of COUPP, including its earliest prototypes and latest results, is briefly discussed in this thesis. The feasibility of a new, windowless bubble chamber concept simpler and more inexpensive in design is discussed here as well. The dark matter limits achieved with a 15 kg windowless chamber, larger than any previous COUPP chamber (2 kg, 4 kg), are presented. Evidence of the greater radiopurity of synthetic quartz compared to natural is presented using the data from this 15 kg device, the first chamber to be made from synthetic quartz. The effective reconstruction of the three-dimensional positions of bubbles in a highly distorted optical field, with ninety-degree bottom lighting similar to cloud chamber lighting, is demonstrated. Another innovation described in this thesis is the use of the sound produced by bubbles recorded by an array of piezoelectric sensors as the primary means of bubble detection. In other COUPP chambers, cameras have been used as the primary trigger. Previous work on bubble acoustic signature differentiation using piezos is built upon in order to further demonstrate the ability to discriminate between alpha- and neutron-induced events.