Download or read book Isospin breaking Interactions in the Nuclear Shell Model written by Aaron Magilligan and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ever advancing scale of experimental nuclear physics has lit a fire under nuclear theorists. With the inevitable explosion in the number of exotic isotopes available for study at the soon to be operational Facility for Rare Isotope Beams and other rare isotope labs, the need for quantitative descriptions of nuclei far from stability is clear.The Nuclear Shell Model allows for the calculation of realistic nuclear wavefunctions using configuration-interaction theory. This theory examines only the valence nucleons in a restricted model space or "nuclear shell" and treats the filled shells in the core of the nucleus as inert. Interactions used in this theory usually take the form of one- and two-body terms which can be built up from fundamental theory using various many body methods and are continually being improved. The ab initio based methods now include three-body interactions together with improved methods for handling short-ranged correlations and model space truncations. This enables them to describe binding energies within several MeV and energy spectra within about 500 keV.One can phenomenologically improve upon these interactions by using the energy data for nuclei in a given mass region to obtain effective two-body matrix elements for a given model space. An effective method for doing this is to start with an ab initio based Hamiltonian and then to modify the best determined linear combinations of interaction parameters as determined by the energy data using what is called the singular value decomposition method. This can be thought of as a truncation of the allowed parameter space. The result is that both binding and excitation energies can be described to within 150-200 keV. The relatively small modifications to the ab initio interaction parameters reflect deficiencies in the many-body methods and their inputs.This method has resulted in widely used Hamiltonians for several model spaces. Universal effective sd-shell Hamiltonians have a history dating back to the 1970s, and the newest updates are presented in this dissertation. The USDC interaction, as it is called, and its companion interactions are the first effective sd-shell interactions that incorporate energies in the fitting protocol from proton rich nuclei and explicitly includes isospin-breaking terms. Apart from the addition of a Coulomb interaction, an isotensor term is added to the strong interaction in order to reproduce the oscillation found in the c-coefficients of the Isobaric Multiplet Mass Equation. A modified version of Coulomb is used in the USDCm interaction, which was constrained to better reproduce mirror energy differences.Experimental binding and excitation energies across the shell are reproduced by USDC, apart from the known island of inversion nuclei and the neutron-rich fluorine isotopes. A single-particle model of the Thomas-Ehrman shift is developed to account for coupling to the continuum not present in the shell model results for nuclei at or near the proton dripline. Using this model and the improved theoretical binding energies, new predictions for the proton and neutron driplines are presented. The possibility of 34Ca being a two-neutron emitter is explored.Isospin level mixing of isobaric analogue states with nearby states can significantly impact nuclear decays. Several cases with experimentally measured isospin mixing are explained with the new interactions. However, USDCm over predicts the strength of the associated matrix elements. This motivates a refinement of USDC in which an isovector term is added to the strong interaction and constrained to reproduce changes of mirror energy differences in the isobaric doublets. This is shown to provide the benefits of the modified Coulomb interaction without its detriments.An effective fp-shell interaction is presented tailored to the neutron rich calcium isotopes out to 60Ca. This is constrained with the nuclear interaction fitting code FINCH, developed during the creation of the USDC interactions. This interaction is shown to be a good renormalized fp-shell interaction and several predictions for unobserved states are presented. Using this and inter-model comparisons leads us to conclude that 60Ca is likely doubly-magic to a similar level as $. {68}$Ni.Following these successful implementations of effective universal configuration-interaction Hamiltonians, future research aims to develop an sdpf model space interaction for deeper study of the N=20, 28, and 42 islands of inversion.
Download or read book Isospin Symmetry Breaking in Sd Shell Nuclei written by Yek Wah Lam and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the thesis, we develop a microscopic approach to describe theisospin-symmetry breaking effects in sd-shell nuclei.The work is performed within the nuclear shell model.A realistic isospin-conserving Hamiltonian is supplementedby a charge-dependent part consisting of the Coulomb interaction andYukawa-type meson exchange potentials to model charge-dependent forces ofnuclear origin. The extended database of the experimental isobaric mass multiplet equation coefficients is compiled during the thesis work and is used in a fit of the Hamiltonian parameters.The constructed Hamiltonian provides an accurate theoretical description ofthe isospin mixing nuclear states. A specific behaviour of the IMME coefficients have been revealed.We present two important applications (i) calculations of isospin-forbiddenproton emission amplitudes, which is often of interest for nuclearastrophysics, and (ii) calculation on corrections to nuclear Fermi beta decay, which is crucial for the tests of fundamental symmetries of the weak interaction.
Download or read book Handbook of Nuclear Physics written by Isao Tanihata and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 4180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is a comprehensive, systematic source of modern nuclear physics. It aims to summarize experimental and theoretical discoveries and an understanding of unstable nuclei and their exotic structures, which were opened up by the development of radioactive ion (RI) beam in the late 1980s. The handbook comprises three major parts. In the first part, the experiments and measured facts are well organized and reviewed. The second part summarizes recognized theories to explain the experimental facts introduced in the first part. Reflecting recent synergistic progress involving both experiment and theory, the chapters both parts are mutually related. The last part focuses on cosmo-nuclear physics—one of the mainstream subjects in modern nuclear physics. Those comprehensive topics are presented concisely. Supported by introductory reviews, all chapters are designed to present their topics in a manner accessible to readers at the graduate level. The book therefore serves as a valuable source for beginners as well, helping them to learn modern nuclear physics.
Download or read book Isospin symmetry Violation in Light Nuclei written by William Erich Ormand and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nuclear Shell Model written by Kris L. G. Heyde and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Frontiers Of Nuclear Structure Physics Proceedings Of The International Symposium Held In Honor Of Akito Arima written by Takaharu Otsuka and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-01-11 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the proceedings of the symposium on Frontiers of Nuclear Structure Physics which was held from March 2-5, 1994, in honor of Akito Arima. Nuclear structure physics is approaching a new era owing to various recent developments such as radioactive nuclear beams, multiple gamma-ray detectors, massive parallel computers, etc. In the near future RHIC, CEBAF and other facilities will further extend the horizons of the field and this meeting offered a look at these exciting possibilities ahead. Topics discussed included (i) new trends in shell model, (ii) electroweak interactions in nuclei, (iii) unstable nuclei, (iv) Interacting Boson Model, (v) proton-neutron degrees of freedom in nuclear collectivity, (vi) quarks in hadrons and nuclei, (vii) nuclear astrophysics, (viii) nuclear and atomic clusters.
Download or read book Weak And Electromagnetic Interactions In Nuclei Wein 95 Proceedings Of The Iv International Symposium On Yamada Conference Xl Iv written by Hiroyasu Ejiri and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-11-22 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the symposium is to discuss current experimental and theoretical studies of weak and electromagnetic interactions in nuclei, emphasizing fundamental problems of particle, nuclear and astrophysics. Subjects discussed included symmetries and conservation laws, neutrino physics, nuclear weak process and weak form factors, electromagnetic probes for hadrons and nuclear structures, symmetries and flavornuclei, new facilities, and others.
Download or read book Advances in Nuclear Physics written by J.W. Negele and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-27 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains two major articles, one providing a historical retrosp- tive of one of the great triumphs of nuclear physics in the twentieth century and the other providing a didactic introduction to one of the quantitative tools for understanding strong interactions in the twenty-first century. The article by Igal Talmi on “Fifty Years of the Shell Model – the Quest for the Effective Interaction”, pertains to a model that has dominated nuclear physics since its infancy and that developed with astonishing results over the next five decades. Talmi is uniquely positioned to trace the history of the Shell Model. He was active in developing the ideas at the shell model’s inception, he has been central in most of the subsequent initiatives which expanded, cl- ified and applied the shell model and he has remained active in the field to the present time. Wisely, he has chosen to restrict his review to the domin- ing issue: the choice of the effective interactions among valence nucleons that determine the properties of low lying nuclear energy levels. The treatment of the subject is both bold and novel for our series. The ideas pertaining to the effective interaction for the shell model are elucidated in a historical sequence.
Download or read book Nuclear Isospin written by John D. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nuclear Shell Model and Two body Interactions written by Robert J. Wagner and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Future of Nuclear Structure Challenges and Opportunities in the Microscopic Description of Nuclei written by Luigi Coraggio and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gamow Shell Model written by Nicolas Michel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-24 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first graduate-level, self-contained introduction to recent developments that lead to the formulation of the configuration-interaction approach for open quantum systems, the Gamow shell model, which provides a unitary description of quantum many-body system in different regimes of binding, and enables the unification in the description of nuclear structure and reactions. The Gamow shell model extends and generalizes the phenomenologically successful nuclear shell model to the domain of weakly-bound near-threshold states and resonances, offering a systematic tool to understand and categorize data on nuclear spectra, moments, collective excitations, particle and electromagnetic decays, clustering, elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections, and radiative capture cross sections of interest to astrophysics. The approach is of interest beyond nuclear physics and based on general properties of quasi-stationary solutions of the Schrödinger equation – so-called Gamow states. For the benefit of graduate students and newcomers to the field, the quantum-mechanical fundamentals are introduced in some detail. The text also provides a historical overview of how the field has evolved from the early days of the nuclear shell model to recent experimental developments, in both nuclear physics and related fields, supporting the unified description. The text contains many worked examples and several numerical codes are introduced to allow the reader to test different aspects of the continuum shell model discussed in the book.
Download or read book Coupling Schemes and Effective Interactions in the Nuclear Shell Model written by Ira Myron Green and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure And Reactions Of Unstable Nuclei Proceedings Of The International Symposium written by Yoichiro Suzuki and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1992-01-30 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings focuses on the recent developments in the physics of unstable nuclei. The topics include: masses and radii of exotic nuclei, structure and decay of unstable nuclei, neutron-halo and excitations of neutron drip-line nuclei, new aspects of reaction dynamics induced by exotic nuclear projectiles, production and reactions of radioactive nuclear beams, and synthesis of superheavy elements.
Download or read book Seventy Years Of Double Beta Decay From Nuclear Physics To Beyond standard model Particle Physics written by Hans Volker Klapdor-kleingrothaus and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 1559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 20 years the disciplines of particle physics, astrophysics, nuclear physics and cosmology have grown together in an unprecedented way. A brilliant example is nuclear double beta decay, an extremely rare radioactive decay mode, which is one of the most exciting and important fields of research in particle physics at present and the flagship of non-accelerator particle physics.While already discussed in the 1930s, only in the 1980s was it understood that neutrinoless double beta decay can yield information on the Majorana mass of the neutrino, which has an impact on the structure of space-time. Today, double beta decay is indispensable for solving the problem of the neutrino mass spectrum and the structure of the neutrino mass matrix. The potential of double beta decay has also been extended such that it is now one of the most promising tools for probing beyond-the-standard-model particle physics, and gives access to energy scales beyond the potential of future accelerators.This book presents the breathtaking manner in which achievements in particle physics have been made from a nuclear physics process. Consisting of a 150-page highly factual overview of the field of double beta decay and a 1200-page collection of the most important original articles, the book outlines the development of double beta decay research — theoretical and experimental — from its humble beginnings until its most recent achievements, with its revolutionary consequences for the theory of particle physics. It further presents an outlook on the exciting future of the field.
Download or read book The Euroschool Lectures on Physics with Exotic Beams Vol III written by J.S. Al-Khalili and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-14 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third and ?nal volume in a series of Lecture Notes based on the highlysuccessfulEuroSummerSchoolonExoticBeamsthathasbeenrunning yearly since 1993 (apart from 1999) and is planned to continue to do so. It is the aim of the series to provide an introduction to Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) physics at the level of graduate students and young postdocs starting out in the ?eld. Each volume contains lectures covering a range of topics from nuclear theory to experiment to applications. Our understanding of atomic nuclei has undergone a major re-orientation over the past two decades and seen the emergence of an exciting ?eld of research: the study of ‘exotic’ nuclei. The availability of energetic beams of short-lived nuclei, referred to as ‘radioactive ion beams’ (RIBs), has opened the way to the study of the structure and dynamics of thousands of nuclear species never before observed in the laboratory. This ?eld has now become one of the most important and fast-moving in physics worldwide. And it is fair to say that Europe leads the way with a number of large international projects starting up in the next few years, such as the FAIR facility at GSI in Germany. From a broader perspective, one must also highlight just how widely RIB physics impacts on other areas, from energy and the environment to medicine and materials science.
Download or read book Sixty Years Of Double Beta Decay From Nuclear Physics To Beyond Standard Model written by Hans Volker Klapdor-kleingrothaus and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001-04-30 with total page 1313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear double beta decay is one of the most promising tools for probing beyond-the-standard-model physics on beyond-accelerator energy scales. It is already now probing the TeV scale, on which new physics should manifest itself according to theoretical expectations. Only in the early 1980s was it known that double beta decay yields information on the Majorana mass of the exchanged neutrino. At present, the sharpest bound for the electron neutrino mass arises from this process. It is only in the last 10 years that the much more far-reaching potential of double beta decay has been discovered. Today, the potential of double beta decay includes a broad range of topics that are equally relevant to particle physics and astrophysics, such as masses of heavy neutrinos, of sneutrinos, as SUSY models, compositeness, leptoquarks, left-right symmetric models, and tests of Lorentz symmetry and equivalence principle in the neutrino sector. Double beta decay has become indispensable nowadays for solving the problem of the neutrino mass spectrum and the structure of the neutrino mass matrix — together with present and future solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillation experiments. Some future double beta experiments (like GENIUS) will be capable to be simultaneously neutrino observatories for double beta decay and low-energy solar neutrinos, and observatories for cold dark matter of ultimate sensitivity.This invaluable book outlines the development of double beta research from its beginnings until its most recent achievements, and also presents the outlook for its highly exciting future.
