Download or read book Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells written by Mark Jesus M. Magbanua and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-29 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous studies have shown that elevated levels of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood of cancer patients are associated with poor response to treatment and inferior survival probabilities. Despite this clinical significance, the molecular biology of CTCs remains poorly understood. The paucity in molecular information can be attributed to the tremendous technical challenges involved in isolating these extremely rare cells. Recent technological advancements in rare-cell technology, however, have allowed for the reliable enrichment and isolation of CTCs. Consequently, the use of recently developed molecular approaches —e.g., multiplexed QPCR, microarray, and next generation sequencing analyses— to profile CTCs have provided novel insights into the molecular makeup of these tumor cells. This book discusses approaches for enrichment and isolation of CTCs as well as recent advances in comprehensive molecular profiling of CTCs using cutting-edge omics technology.

Download or read book Circulating Tumor Cells written by Richard J. Cote and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides the latest research on circulating tumor cells aimed for cancer researchers, scientists, and molecular oncologists. It presents the basic concepts behind circulating tumor cells (CTCs), metastatic biology, and potential applications as to how CTCs can be used in diagnostic biomarkers. CTCs are cells that have detached from the primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. Such cells may become "seeds" for the growth of additional tumors. The field of analysis surrounding cancer metastasis has been steadily growing, and CTCs provide effective biomarkers that can be examined in peripheral blood through a minimally invasive “liquid biopsy” procedure. CTCs offer several exciting applications, not only as markers of disease progression but also as biomarkers of monitoring response to therapy and companion diagnostics for novel anticancer drug development. In recent years there has been rapid growth and worldwide developments on CTCs, which span both the basic sciences and biomedical engineering fields.

Download or read book Enrichment Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Circulating Tumour Cells for Treatment Optimization in Metastatic Breast Cancer written by Rita Lampignano and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Circulating Tumor Cells written by Z. Hugh Fan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-18 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the reader to Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), their isolation method and analysis, and commercially available platforms Presents the historical perspective and the overview of the field of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) Discusses the state-of-art methods for CTC isolation, ranging from the macro- to micro-scale, from positive concentration to negative depletion, and from biological-property-enabled to physical-property-based approaches Details commercially available CTC platforms Describes post-isolation analysis and clinical translation Provides a glossary of scientific terms related to CTCs

Download or read book Label Free Isolation and Molecular Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells written by Manjima Dhar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are important biomarkers for monitoring tumor dynamics and efficacy of cancer therapy. When these cells disseminate from tumors and enter the blood stream, they carry the tumor's genetic and proteomic information. They are particularly attractive because they can be obtained in a minimally invasive manner. Using microfluidic devices, we can isolate these rare cells from the background of blood cells. Here we study clinically relevant use cases of these CTCs. We characterize two aspects of CTCs: i) the PD-L1 expression levels on CTCs from non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy ii) the secretion of proteases as it relates to cancer metastasis. In the process of molecular profiling the CTCs, we use a novel label free Vortex isolation system. A modification to the original Vortex device enabled us to capture a wider size range of CTCs at a higher capture efficiency, uncovering further heterogeneity. This simple biophysical method opens doors for a range of downstream analysis. After CTC isolation, we test the hypothesis that tumor cells secrete proteolytic enzymes to facilitate tissue invasion and spread. Given recent work suggesting CTCs can be produced by early stage tumors, MMP production by CTCs could provide a more precise biomarker of the level of metastatic activity for the disease beyond a simple CTC count. We developed a unique integrated microfluidic system able to perform three functions: i) Isolate CTCs rapidly by size. ii) Exchange the fluid around CTCs to both remove contaminants, and introduce a fluorogenic MMP-substrate. iii) Encapsulate purified CTCs into a small number of microdroplets to interrogate MMPs secreted at the single-CTC level. Total analysis from blood input to secretion assay takes minutes and preserves viability, making this system compatible with studying live cells while they retain physiologic conditions. We found that isolated CTCs from metastatic prostate cancer patients, identified through surface markers and nucleus size, release active MMPs. Assaying protease activity of circulating tumor cells will ultimately be important in uncovering the biology of metastasis and serve as a key component of future phenotypic liquid biopsies, potentially enabling companion diagnostics for MMP inhibitor therapies currently in clinical trials.

Download or read book Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Metastatic Disease written by Roberto Piñeiro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-17 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed to summarise the key aspects of the role of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in breast cancer, with special attention to their contribution to tumour progression and establishment of metastatic disease. We aim to give a clear overview of the knowledge about CTCs, framed in the context of breast cancer, by analysing basic and clinical research carried out so far. In a broader sense, we will address what are the main clinical needs of this disease based on its molecular heterogeneity (subtypes) and lay out the knowledge and understanding that CTCs are giving about it and how they are contributing and can still improve the better monitoring and management of breast cancer patients. We will discuss the evidences of the use of CTCs as a tool to monitor cancer progression and therapy response, based on the prognostic and predictive value they have, as well as a tool to unravel mechanisms of resistance to therapy and to identify new biomarkers allowing to predict therapy success. Moreover, we will analyse the main aspects of ongoing clinical trials and how they can contribute to determine the clinical utility of CTCs as a breast cancer biomarker. We will also touch upon general knowledge or basic notions of the biology of the metastatic process in epithelial cancers, in order to understand the origin and biology of CTCs. In this sense, we will pay special attention to EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition), dormancy and minimal residual disease, three key aspects that determine the outcome of the disease. We will also cover general aspects on the isolation and characterization techniques applies to the study of CTCs, and also the possibilities that the study of CTCs, as a biomarker with biological function, is opening in terms of understanding the biology of metastatic cells and the identification of therapeutic targets based on the functional and molecular characterization of CTCs. Lastly, we will try to foresee the future of CTCs in terms of clinical application and implementation in the clinical routine.

Download or read book Circulating Tumor Cells written by Mark Jesus M. Magbanua and published by Humana. This book was released on 2018-08-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores various approaches for enrichment, detection, isolation, and molecular profiling of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Each chapter provides comprehensive descriptions and guidelines on how to perform innovative experiments in CTC research. Included are protocols for capture of CTCs via filtration and density gradient centrifugation; microfluidic and immunomagnetic separation of CTCs; detection of CTCs by immunocytochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and flow cytometry; assays designed for genomic characterization and functional analyses of CTCs, and many more. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, the chapters in this book include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Circula ting Tumor Cells: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for laboratory researchers and clinicians who are interested in furthering their studies on CTCs.

Download or read book Minimal Residual Disease and Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer written by Michail Ignatiadis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book provides up-to-date information on a series of topical issues relating to the approach to minimal residual disease in breast cancer patients. It first explains how the study of minimal residual disease and circulating and disseminated tumor cells (CTCs/DTCs) can assist in the understanding of breast cancer metastasis. A series of chapters then discuss the various technologies available for the detection and characterization of CTCs and DTCs, pinpointing their merits and limitations. Detailed consideration is given to the relevance of CTCs and DTCs, and their detection, to clinical research and practice. The role of other blood-based biomarkers is also addressed, and the closing chapters debate the challenges facing drug and biomarker co-development and the use of CTCs for companion diagnostic development. This book will be of interest and assistance to all who are engaged in the modern management of breast cancer.

Download or read book Minimal Residual Disease in Melanoma written by U. Reinhold and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge about diagnostic procedures in melanoma has in creased rapidly within the past few years. Single tumor cells have been identified in normal tissue such as sentinel lymph nodes, as well as in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other bodily fluids and cells, by molecular technologies. The introduction of polymerase chain reaction-based methods can be regarded as a prototype of this dramatic development towards molecular approaches in new diagnostic procedures. This fact opens up the possibility of clinical use in patients and of influencing treatment strategies. Considerable discrepancies have been described, how ever, in the success rates of these new techniques for the detec tion of minimal residual disease in cancer patients. Despite fav orable results reported by different groups of investigators, it will take several years to define the clinical and pathophysiological relevance of new diagnostic procedures. The 1st International Symposium "Minimal Residual Disease in Melanoma: Biology, Detection and Clinical Relevance of Microme tastases", held in September 1999 in Homburg/Saar, Germany, fo cused on recent developments in this particular area of cancer re search. The purpose of the meeting was to stimulate discussion and exchange of new data and ideas by renowned international scientists. The aim of this volume is to summarize major topics of basic research and clinical investigations presented by invited experts in this fascinating but still. controversial field of melanoma re search.

Download or read book Circulating Tumor Cells written by Catherine Alix-Panabieres and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a real-time liquid biopsy approach can be used to obtain new insights into metastasis biology, and as companion diagnostics to improve the stratification of therapies and to obtain insights into the therapy-induced selection of cancer cells. In this book, we will cover all the different facets of CTCs to assemble a huge corpus of knowledge on cancer dissemination: technologies for their enrichment, detection, and characterization; their analysis at the single-cell level; their journey as CTC microemboli; their clinical relevance; their biology with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); their stem-cell properties; their potential to initiate metastasis at distant sites; their ex vivo expansion; and their escape from the immune system.

Download or read book Atlas of Liquid Biopsy written by Ludmilla Thomé Domingos Chinen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a wealth of images and extensive information on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and other cells usually observed in blood from patients with cancer, such as giant macrophages, and circulating tumor microemboli (CTM). The field of “liquid biopsy” began with the analysis of CTCs in the early 2000s. In the beginning, molecular techniques were developed to detect these cells in the blood. However, it has since become clear that CTCs initially require a cytopathological analysis to be detected without false positive and negative results. After detection, molecular analysis can be subsequently performed. Cancer is an important cause of mortality, especially when detected in late stages. Even with all the advances that have been made in its treatment, cancer is still challenging, as many patients do not respond to any therapy. Many health agencies have considered early diagnosis as a feasible tool. In this context, it is of the utmost importance to know the morphology and characteristics of CTCs to determine a correct diagnosis. Currently much of the scientific community is committed to expanding our knowledge of CTCs, and this work makes a valuable contribution, presenting hundreds of cell images from patients with various types of cancer, in many different stages of disease, and after receiving various treatments. The Atlas of Liquid Biopsy: Circulating Tumor Cells and Other Rare Cells in Cancer Patients’ Blood is an essential reference guide for all physicians, biologists, biomedics, and professionals working at clinical and research laboratories, hospitals and research centers.

Download or read book Circulating Tumor Cells From Biotech Innovation to Clinical Utility Part A written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-21 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Circulating Tumor Cells, from biotech innovation to clinical utility" provides an overview of the most recent technological and clinical advances with regards to the study of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in solid tumors. The volumes cover studies on CTCs in breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer, with a focus on clinical utility, and also include methodological and biological topics such as CTC culture, multi-omic characterization of CTCs, atypical CTC populations and interaction between CTCs and immunity. Provide a summary of the latest advances of CTC studies in the most common solid tumors Give an overview of the most advanced methods for CTC characterization and functional analysis Present new perspective on the clinical utility of CTCs

Download or read book Automated Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells and Their Molecular Biological Analysis written by Janis Hendrik Stiefel and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Isolation Detection and Functional Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells Using Microfluidic based Technologies written by Leyla Kermanshah and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primary tumors shed thousands of cells into blood circulation every day. These circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a key role in metastasis. The application of CTCs, regarded as a real-time, non-invasive and cost-effective "liquid biopsy", has drawn much attention in the last two decades. However, their application in clinical practice has been limited due to their extreme rarity and heterogeneity. Highly specialized technologies have been developed to address these challenges. So far, the majority of technologies have focused on separating CTCs from a background of millions of blood cells with high purity and sensitivity. Despite the technological advancement in CTC enrichment, the clinical relevance of these cells is still controversial. In-depth characterization is therefore needed to elucidate their functionality in the metastatic cascade. The principal aim of this thesis is to characterize heterogeneous populations of CTCs, sorting them into subpopulations and assessing the CTCs for aggressive phenotypes. In this thesis, specialized microfluidic-based technologies are used for isolating CTCs and profiling their phenotypes according to a surface marker expression. We describe a two-dimensional separation approach that separates phenotypically-distinct subpopulations of cancer cells. Profiling CTCs based on an epithelial marker enabled us to identify CTCs that have undergone the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The EMT-transformed cells exhibited greater invasive phenotypes, as confirmed by an in vitro collagen uptake assay. Using magnetic ranking cytometry (MagRC), a new technology designed for profiling rare cells, we successfully obtained phenotypic profiles from cancer cells and xenograft CTCs. To investigate metastatic phenotypes of CTCs, CTCs from mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts with different levels of aggressiveness were analysed by MagRC. Real-time monitoring of dynamic changes in CTC phenotypes during cancer progression and a course of chemotherapy gave us insights into tumor evolution and treatment efficiency. Metastatic xenografts showed a heterogeneous population of CTCs with epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. A decrease in heterogeneity followed by a reduction in metastasis incidence was observed after a course of chemotherapy administered to highly metastatic xenografts. Phenotypic profiling of CTCs can potentially be used for cancer prognostic profiling and therapeutic selection.

Download or read book Isolation and Characterization of Human Breast Circulating Tumor Cells Via Whole Blood Volume Apheresis written by Ramy Saleh and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Introduction: In breast cancer (BC), metastasis is the major determinant of poor outcome, a highly organized, non-random and organ selective process. Most patients undergo surgery and also receive other treatments (hormone therapy, radiation or chemotherapy) before or after surgery. Drug resistance and tumor relapse are the main potential problems. Metastasis seeds may be already present at diagnosis as isolated tumor cells within lymph nodes, bone marrow or in the peripheral circulation as circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTCs hence, are released together with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to the peripheral blood circulation. The current challenge is the collection and characterization of CTCs and the more important subtype, cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs).Objective: The main objective of this study was to use and study CTCs heterogeneity using a specific methodology for isolation, characterization, and molecular analysis.Methodology: Whole blood apheresis was used for isolation and enrichment. To analyze CTCs heterogeneity flow cytometry (FCM) was used with specific antibodies for the desired markers and then create and optimize platforms for CTCs identification. Subsequently, EpCAM positive CTCs and EpCAM negative CSCs subpopulations were isolated and collected with a technology using immunomagnetic particles coated with EpCAM mononuclear antibody. Finally, flow cytometry was used to compare the EpCAM positive (CTCs) and negative (CSCs) cell populations isolated from breast cancer patients.Results:We successfully collected and isolated CTCs from 20 patients with breast cancer, representing all different subtypes. There was a much higher concentration and quantity of CD45(-) in patients compared to healthy controls. Gating CD45(-) cells, we also noted that patients had a higher count of EpCAM(+)cells. Two patients had EPCAM (-) CD24 (+) cells compared to healthy control which have been reported as CSC-like features. In addition , it was noted that most patients also exhibited a population not seen in healthy individuals where cells expressed both CD24(+) and CD44(+) cell surface markers.Conclusion: Overall, our new methodology was successful in characterizing patient-specific EpCAM negative and positive CTCs indicative of heterogeneity. Our proposed platform is, to our knowledge, unique and at present the only one capable of examining in detail these rare populations particularly the EpCAM negative CSCs subpopulation. Current knowledge indicates that CSCs should be the prime target for therapeutic intervention and development of new drugs or drug combination. Future studies will incorporate further characterization of CTCs"--

Download or read book Cancer Immunosurveillance written by Alejandro López-Soto and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the latest techniques used to study tumor immunology. The chapters in this book detail methodologies for functional analysis and expansion of T lymphocytes for cancer research. The chapters also cover topics such as how single-cell RNA-sequencing can be exploited to dissect immune cell heterogeneity and precursors; isolating and expanding natural killer (NK) cells; evaluating NK cell-mediated anti-tumor killing activity in vitro; immunosurveillance orchestrated by specific immune subsets; use of HLA peptidomics for cancer-exome based identification of tumor neo-antigens; gold standard assessment of immunogenic cell death in oncological mouse models and methods to look at the therapeutic relevance of immune modulation in cancer. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Cancer Immunosurveillance: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource to aid researchers in better understanding and experimenting in this exciting and developing field.

Download or read book Microfluidic Platform for Capturing Circulating Tumor Cells from Whole Blood written by Sweta Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viable tumor cells that are disseminated in the blood stream, also known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), are often the cause of metastasis in cancer patients. Although these cells are rare in blood, they can be isolated and used to study various aspects of the tumor such as molecular characterization of the tumor cells, effectiveness of treatment therapies in metastatic carcinoma patients, and also to determine the primary site of the tumor in cases where the tumor itself is undetectable. Previous researches have demonstrated microfluidic platforms capable of selectively capturing rare cells from raw liquid samples, using adhesion-mediated binding of the target cells with complementary ligand proteins that are immobilized on arrays of micropillars. In these systems, the circular or square shaped micropillars which provide increased surface area for cell-protein interactions, were fabricated on a silicon chip by an expensive and skillfully demanding technique called deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) [1,2]. Based on the concept of protein-coated micropillars, we used soft lithographic techniques to develop microfluidic devices using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymer. PDMS molds consisting of thirty five different device designs with varied micropillar features like shape, size, spacing, and array arrangement were fabricated. The devices were tested with five different cancer cell lines, at different flow rates and cell concentrations, and a comparative study was performed to determine the most efficient design in terms of cell capture efficiency. Some designs achieved mean capture yields of>45%, thereby making this low-cost, quick and easy technique an attractive cancer screening tool.