Download or read book Isolation and Characterization of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cells derived from various organs and tumors that exhibit sphere-like growth in vitro include stem and early progenitors. Therefore, human prostate epithelial cells that can develop into "prostaspheres" may allow enrichment and characterization of these rare cell types. We have generated an extensive collection of prostaspheres, derived from normal and cancerous prostate specimens from patients undergoing urologic surgery at UCLA Medical Center. These prostaspheres have been evaluated for the functional abilities to self-renew and differentiate into the full complement of prostate epithelial cell types. In addition to interrogating stem-cell qualities, we evaluated whether normal and cancer prostaspheres could be distinguished. To do this, we performed FISH analysis on paraffin-embedded prostaspheres with probes detecting the TMPRSS-ERG translocation that has been described in the majority of human prostate cancers. We found that although approximately 70% of the prostate cancer specimens in our collection displayed the TMPRSS-ERG rearrangement, it was not present in the prostaspheres. The aims of our project are to define factors that enable prostate cancer cells containing the TMPRSS-ERG translocation to be isolated and maintained in vitro and in vivo so that cancer stem/progenitor populations can be characterized and interrogated.

Download or read book The Isolation and Characterization of Human Prostate Cancer Stem Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this proposal is to develop a durable cure for lethal prostate cancer through the elucidation of the role of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of the disease. During the past year, we have made the following significant findings: i) CD44, a putative prostate cancer stem cell marker, is localized to neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer, ii) employing a specific feeder layer, it is possible to model prostate cancer initiation in vitro and iii) classic tissue recombination utilizing primary human prostate cancer cells, to the recapitulate the human disease, does not work. We are currently working to optimize and validate our in vitro model of prostate cancer initiation to facilitate cancer stem cell discovery as well as drug targeting.

Download or read book The Isolation and Characterization of Prostate Stem Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells are of considerable importance in prostate cancer because of the theory that cancer cells represent the malignant counterparts of normal tissue stem cells. We have shown that murine prostatic stem cells reside in the proximal region of the prostatic ducts. The in vivo growth properties and proliferative potential of the proximal cells were examined in a tissue transplantation model and in an orthotopic model. Some in vitro characteristics of their growth have also been examined. Cells were isolated from the proximal and distal regions of the prostate and were embedded in collagen gels in the absence or presence of smooth muscle cells (SMC) or fetal mouse or rat urogenital mesenchyme (UGM). The collagen pellets were implanted under the renal capsule of athymic mice and left for 8 weeks, after which the grafts were removed and weighed. No significant difference was noted in grafts containing either proximal or distal cells. This result was unaffected by SMC or fetal mouse UGM. In the presence of fetal rat UGM, grafts containing proximal cells were l3.8 times larger than those containing distal cells, indicating a high proliferative potential in the proximal cells compared with the distal cells. In the orthotopic model, prostatic cells expressing GFP were injected into either intact prostates of juvenile mice or into the involuted prostates of castrated adult mice that were then given androgens to stimulate prostatic regrowth. In both cases, the GFP- expressing cells engrafted into the growing prostates, demonstrating the regenerative ability of the injected cells. Finally, to characterize the stem cells, in vitro growth assays were performed. Proximal cells were grown in vitro in the presence or absence of stem cell factor (SCF) and antibodies to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-13).

Download or read book Stem Cells and Prostate Cancer written by Scott D. Cramer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​​​​Recent evidence demonstrates that normal prostate tissue contains stem cells. There is also accumulating evidence that prostate cancer contains a population of cells with stem cell-like characteristics referred to as cancer stem cells, or tumor initiating cells. Both the normal prostate stem cell and cancer stem cell populations have important implications for the generation, therapeutic targeting, and prevention of prostate cancer. The purpose of this book is to explore the role of stem cells in prostate cancer, which is becoming an increasingly hot trend in cancer research. ​

Download or read book Isolation and characterization of the stem cell phenotype in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer written by Paul E. Gilmore and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Isolation and Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer written by Kit-Man Sunny Wong and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Isolation and Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer" by Kit-man, Sunny, Wong, 王傑民, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Tumor heterogeneity has long been observed and recognized as a challenge to cancer therapy. The cancer stem cell (CSC) model is one of the hypotheses proposed to explain such a phenomenon. A specific cancer stem cell marker has not been determined for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), preventing the definitive evaluation of whether the biology of NSCLC is governed by the CSC model. This study aimed to analyze the expression of candidate CSC markers and using the identified putative marker, to isolate CSC and determine the applicability of the CSC model in NSCLC. The expression or activities of four putative stem cell markers, CD24, CD44, CD133 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) were measured by flow cytometry in eight NSCLC cell lines before and after chemotherapy for 24 hours. Markers with increased expression after treatment were considered potential CSC markers and used for isolating tumor cell subpopulations from the untreated cell lines by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Confirmatory analyses using widely acceptable methodology were performed to test for CSC properties in the marker+ and marker- subpopulations. Isolated subpopulations were further characterized by functional and phenotypic studies. Flow cytometry showed amongst the 4 markers, only ALDH1 expression was significantly enhanced by chemotherapeutic treatment, suggesting ALDH1 could be a CSC marker. Untreated ALDH1+ cells formed significantly more and larger cell spheres in non-adherent, serum-free conditions than ALDH1- cells. Likewise, higher in vitro tumorigenic ability was observed in ALDH1+ subset using colony formation assay. Furthermore, a higher resistance to cytotoxic drugs was observed in ALDH1+ compared to ALDH1- cells. In vivo studies also showed ALDH1+ cells showed higher tumorigenicity than ALDH1- cells; as few as 2,500 ALDH1+ cells formed tumor in SCID mice which were serially transplantable to 2nd and 3rd recipients, while no tumor was formed from ALDH- cells with even ten times the number of cells. Also, expression analysis revealed higher expression of the pluripotency genes, OCT4, NANOG, BMI1 and SOX9, in ALDH1+ cells. In view of previous studies reporting CD44 as a CSC marker in lung cancer, double marker selection of putative CSC was performed to compare ALDH1+CD44+ and ALDH1-CD44+ subpopulations. Results of the spheroid body formation assay and cisplatin treatment experiments revealed the ALDH1+CD44+ subpopulation possessed higher self-renewal ability and chemo-resistance. Cell migration and invasion assays showed differences between the ALDH1+CD44+ and ALDH1- CD44+ subpopulations. The significance of these observations require further investigation. In conclusion, the result showed that ALDH1 could be a marker for NSCLC stem cells as evidenced by enhanced self-renewal and differentiation abilities in ALDH1+ subpopulation. Furthermore, this study observed the presence of at least two potential stem cell subpopulations in NSCLC cells with differential selfrenewal, chemotherapy resistance and cell mobility properties. Further investigations are required to validate th

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells New Horizons in Cancer Therapies written by Surajit Pathak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-17 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the recent developments in the therapeutic implications of cancer stem cells for the effective diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. It summarizes the various stem cells of common cancers including colon, pancreas, lungs, prostate, melanoma, and glioblastoma, and reviews the potential role of cancer stem cells in tissue aggressiveness, examining the functional contribution of cancer stem cells in the establishment and recurrence of cancerous tumors. Further, it explores the potential of cancer stem cells as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of tumor progression. The book also discusses the various approaches for detecting, isolating, and characterizing different cancer stem cells and signaling pathways that control their replication, survival, and differentiation. Lastly, it explores the key features and mechanisms of drug resistance, chemo-resistance, and radio-resistance in cancer stem cells to improve therapeutic rationale.

Download or read book Identification of Human Prostate Cancer Stem Cells by Creation and Characterization of Prostaspheres written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells (SCs) are present in specialized niches within tissues and enable long-term organ function by replacing dying cells over time. SCs have the unique capability for self-renewal and can be stimulated to transform into different cell types within the organ. Since SCs are genetically coded to live longer than other cells and resist mechanisms that would normally induce cell death, they may be especially susceptible to carcinogenic changes. Recent evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist and are responsible for cancer propagation, despite representing the minority of cells within tumors. Consequently, the development of drugs that target CSCs may result in better clinical outcomes. As a first step, identifying CSCs in solid tumors must occur. Early studies to identify SCs within normal prostate and prostate cancers are promising, but limited by the difficulty of cultivating these rare cells. Development of the prostasphere assay, using cells derived from human tissue specimens, may enable in-depth characterization of prostate stem cells. Prostaspheres are globes of stem and early progenitor cells that can be induced to grow in culture. The prostasphere assay may enable enrichment of SCs from normal and cancerous specimens for further characterization, with the long-term goal of defining new therapeutic targets within this population.

Download or read book Isolation and Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells in Non small Cell Lung Cancer written by Kit-man Wong (Sunny) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Stem like Cancer Cells in Prostate Tumor Recurrence After Radiotherapy written by Man-Tzu Wang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiotherapy is a primary treatment modality for prostate cancer but its efficacy is limited by the recurrence of resistant tumors. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor initiating cells, are a small subset of tumor cells that are responsible for transplantability of tumors, but its role in tumor recurrence after treatment remains unproven. To investigate the biology of CSCs in tumor recurrence after radiotherapy, tumor cells were irradiated in vitro and then injected s.c. into mice to model tumor recurrence from radioresistant tumor cells. The data suggest that prostate CSCs are inherently more resistant to radiotherapy than non-CSCs and surviving CSCs may lead to recurrence of tumors after radiotherapy.

Download or read book Characterization of Cultured Early Human Prostate Cancer Stem progenitor Cells written by Melissa Jennifer Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Androgen-dependent ("AD") early prostate cancer often switches to a lethal, castration-resistant (CR) phenotype. We show that early, "AD" prostate cancers contain CR Cancer Initiating Cells (CIC) that drive its growth. We have isolated CR CIC cells from early PrCa, which possess (i) a high degree of self-renewal, (ii) differentiation ability into hormone-responsive prostate cells, (iii) potent tumorgenicity, (iv) the capacity to grow as "sphere" cells and (v) the potential to metastasize. The propagation of CR PrCa cells from localized AD-PrCa facilitates their characterization. Characterization of CIC-spheres and their adherent progenitor Prostate Tumor Cells (PrTuC) utilized RT-PCR, FACS analysis, and immunofluorescent staining. The markers analyzed include AR, ER[alpha], ER[beta], TERT, TMPRSS2-ERG fusion RNA, and ALDH. PrTuCells and their CIC-sphere embodiment are unresponsive to physiological concentrations of steroid hormones. PrTuCells and CIC-spheres express abundant AR mRNA but no AR protein; ER[alpha] is up-regulated and ER[beta] down-regulated compared with normal human prostate epithelial cells. PrTuCells and CIC-sphere cells express the TERT gene; normal prostate epithelial are TERT-negative. The PrCa-associated fusion mRNA TMPRSS2-ERG was undetectable in PrTuCells. The stemness of PrTuCells and CIC-sphere cells was supported by their expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Propagation of PrCa CIC facilitates complete exome-sequencing, leading to the identification of causative/etiological events in PrCa initiation and potentially permitting the discovery of targetable entities on early human prostate cancer cells. Our work points to the existence of CR ("androgen-independent") CIC in the early stages of human prostate cancer, representing a paradigm change with far-reaching consequences to the field.

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells written by Sharmila A. Bapat and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2008-10-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because the concept and discoveries of cancer stem cells are relatively new, scientists and researchers need an introduction to this dynamic area. Cancer Stem Cells presents a consolidated account of the research done to date and recent progresses in the studies of cancer stem cells. Such a presentation facilitates a better understanding of and draws attention to stem cell and cancer biology - two fields that enhance, move, and evolve into each other continuously. It provides an informative study in designing approaches to apply stem cell principles to cancer biology while offering an overview of the challenges in developing combination stem and cancer biology targets for therapeutics. This book serves as a primer for new researchers in the field of cancer biology.

Download or read book Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells written by Mark Jesus M. Magbanua and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-29 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous studies have shown that elevated levels of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood of cancer patients are associated with poor response to treatment and inferior survival probabilities. Despite this clinical significance, the molecular biology of CTCs remains poorly understood. The paucity in molecular information can be attributed to the tremendous technical challenges involved in isolating these extremely rare cells. Recent technological advancements in rare-cell technology, however, have allowed for the reliable enrichment and isolation of CTCs. Consequently, the use of recently developed molecular approaches —e.g., multiplexed QPCR, microarray, and next generation sequencing analyses— to profile CTCs have provided novel insights into the molecular makeup of these tumor cells. This book discusses approaches for enrichment and isolation of CTCs as well as recent advances in comprehensive molecular profiling of CTCs using cutting-edge omics technology.

Download or read book Characterization of IPS 87 a Prostate Cancer Stem Cell Like Cell Line written by Erika Nicole Assoun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostate Cancer is a Stem Cell disease, and the stem cell of interest must be identified and characterized in order to develop viable treatments that cure the disease and minimize undesirable consequences for patients. A patient sample, sample 87, was obtained from the UCSD and induced into pluripotent stem cells. To characterize this cell line, cells were stained with various stem cell and receptor markers including ALDH7a1, LGR5, Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Androgen Receptor, and Retinoid X Receptor. All markers were expressed within the cell line, and the tumorigenicity of the cell line was confirmed with H & E staining analysis. This research characterizes the iPS 87 cell line as a stem cell like cell line in hopes of turning to differentiative treatment alternatives for the disease.

Download or read book Isolation Characterization and Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Prostate Cancer derived Cell Lines written by Gloria Polanco and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Prominin 1 CD133 New Insights on Stem Cancer Stem Cell Biology written by Denis Corbeil and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-19 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​​​​​​​Prominin-1 or otherwise known as CD133 is a glycoprotein that is present in humans and mice. Since the first description of prominin in 1997, in mouse neuroepithelial cells and in human hematopoietic stem cells as AC133 antigen, this molecule has aroused a large interest especially, as a stem cell marker, that gave rise to an ever growing body of publications and more recently its expression in cancer stem cells. Controversies as to its role as a cancer stem and its detection in different models, as well as its use as a prognostic marker have emerged. Yet, beyond its use as a stem cell and cancer stem cell marker, prominin-1/CD133 displays unique biological features and appears of importance in other processes like for example in retinal biogenesis. Indeed, this five-transmembrane plasma membrane glycoprotein, which marks membrane protrusions is associated with several essential processes like cell polarity, asymmetric cell division and membrane remodeling. We propose to review current knowledge about this intriguing molecule and present pertinent information to determine the biological role of prominins and assess their importance in medicine and cancer research. The primary audience for this book is geared towards scientists and researchers with interest in cancer stem cells, stem cells, cell biology, neurobiology, and regenerative medicine.

Download or read book Identification and Functional Characterization of Murine Prostate Epithelial Stem Cells written by Devon Ann Lawson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: