Download or read book Is There Discrimination in Mortgage Pricing written by Harold Alonza Black and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Is There Discrimination in Mortgage Pricing The Case of Overages written by Harold A. Black and published by . This book was released on with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta presents the full text of the April 2001 working paper entitled "Is There Discrimination in Mortgage Pricing? The Case of Overages," written by Harold A. Black, Thomas P. Boehm, and Ramon P. DeGennaro. The text is available in PDF format. The authors conclude that the most effective way to eliminate racial differences in overages is to develop policies that allow minorities to bargain more effectively.
Download or read book Is There Discrimination in Overage Pricing written by Harold A. Black and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mortgage overage pricing is little understood by consumers and has received little academic scrutiny. We consider the impact of the market power of individual loan officers on overages paid by borrowers, particularly minorities. We include numerous borrower and lender characteristics unavailable previously.We find that minorities who purchase homes pay larger overages than whites, but our evidence suggests that this traces to differences in the pools of borrowers rather than to racial discrimination. We conclude that a more effective way to eliminate racial differences in overages is to increase minorities' ability to bargain rather than to enact additional anti-discrimination laws.
Download or read book Overages Mortgage Pricing and Race written by Harold A. Black and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overages, or yield spreads, are common in the pricing of mortgages. However, few customers realize that such yield spreads exist. Given that overages often constitute a significant portion of the income of the mortgage loan officer, one would assume that the loan officer seeks to maximize the yield spreads. Our analysis finds that overages are seldom maximized and in most instances are not included in the price of the mortgage. We find that the bargaining abilities of the loan officers and the borrowers are important in determining the amount of overages paid by borrowers. In particular, we note that there are differences in the incidence of overages and the amount of overages by the race of the applicants. Thus, such behavior would lend itself to scrutiny by the regulatory authorities. The data set is unique and is proprietary data from a national mortgage lending institution located in a major U.S. city with a high population of Hispanics and African-Americans. We find that bargaining power of market participants is an important determinant of overages. We find that the yield spreads of Hispanic applicants who purchase homes are larger than those of whites. We also find that there are no differences by race for black applicants when compared to white applicants. We also find significant racial differences in overages for Hispanics and blacks for houses that are refinanced.
Download or read book Is Discretionary Pricing Discretionary The Case of Overages in Mortgage Lending written by Harold A. Black and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on moral hazard and adverse selection indicates that restricting the ability of lenders to price loans could result in less credit being extended to those in the riskiest credit tier. Given that blacks have worse credit than similarly situated whites, then they would be worse off if overages were banned. Second, borrowers who are unfamiliar with the financial system, such as first-time customers, may require more effort by the loan officer to guide the applicant through the process. Unless lenders can recover the cost of this service, the number of loans to such borrowers will probably decrease. Third, research indicates that blacks do not bargain or comparison shop as much as whites. This implies that, ceteris paribus, markup differences will persist even after accounting for risk, service and demographic variables. Finally, these differences may vary across local markets throughout the country.Future research efforts should analyze loan payment performance after controlling for market forces within the relevant local market. If unexplained pricing differentials exist between minorities and whites, yet loan payments performance is the same, then clearly there exists an arbitrary component to pricing that is probably discriminatory. Alternatively, if unexplained differentials correspond to payment performance, then these differentials are not arbitrary and discriminatory but market driven. Thus, policy makers and regulators should not strive to eliminate differential pricing but should concern themselves with those differences that are unrelated to market forces.
Download or read book Fair Lending Analysis of Mortgage Pricing written by Yan Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Overages in Mortgage Pricing written by Harold A. Black and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conduct an empirical investigation of the relative importance of competing hypotheses that attempt to explain observed differentials in overage pricing. Our analysis makes several contributions. First, we use tobit techniques to estimate the parameters of the model. Second, we include a number of variables that are not available in previous analysis. Specifically, we use borrower and lender characteristics that go beyond gender and race. Third, we are able to consider the impact of the bargaining capabilities of individual loan officers on the overages paid by borrowers, including minorities and women.Using proprietary data from different branches of a particular bank, this paper demonstrates that a large component of the explained variance in overages traces to variables proxying for the degree of competitiveness in the markets associated with these loans, and to differences in the bargaining power and expertise of both loan officers and borrowers. We find differences in overages collected from different ethnic groups, and though it is far too soon to conclude that this is due to bigotry, to the extent that our models are well-specified, this would probably constitute discrimination from a regulatory perspective. Variables controlling for risk prove less effective in explaining overages, perhaps because our sample includes only loans that were actually approved and made. Thus, they all represent relatively good risks, and might not display enough risk variation to detect.
Download or read book Does Credit Scoring Produce a Disparate Impact written by Robert B. Avery and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rooting Out Discrimination in Mortgage Lending written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Consumer Financial Services written by Andrew L. Sandler and published by Law Journal Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an analysis including the impact of more than fifteen federal statutes-ranging from the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act-on the banking.
Download or read book Discrimination in Financial Services written by George J. Benston and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Equal treatment in access to credit has long been a fundamental social goal in the United States. However, despite the passage of several laws in the U.S. prohibiting discrimination in the provision of financial services on the basis of race, gender, and marital status, among other factors, questions concerning the existence of racial discrimination in such areas as home mortgage loans and small business credit continue, and confound public policy makers. This book is composed of nine articles and a panel discussion, originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Financial Services Research. These contributions explore the complex issue of discrimination in financial services.
Download or read book What We Know About Mortgage Lending Discrimination in America written by Margery Austin Turner and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000-07 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Housing and Human Development (HUD) presents the report "What We Know About Mortgage Lending Discrimination in America." The report outlines how discrimination can affect access to mortgage capital for minorities.
Download or read book Microfinance Debt and Over Indebtedness written by Isabelle Guérin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although microcredit programmes have long been considered efficient development tools, many forms of debt-induced distress have emerged in their wake. This has brought to light the problem of over-indebtedness, a topic which has been previously underexplored in the literature. This new book, from a group of leading scholars, explores the manifestations, scale, and economic and social implications of household over-indebtedness in areas conventionally considered as financially excluded. The book approaches debt not only as a financial transaction, but also as a form of social bond, and offers a socioeconomic analysis of over-indebtedness. The volume puts forward a broad definition of over-indebtedness, highlighting its situational and semantic complexity and diversity. It provides a close analysis of local conceptions of debt and over-indebtedness, highlighting frameworks of calculation and the constant renegotiation of their boundaries. On top of this, it looks far beyond microcredit to examine all the financial practices that individuals juggle. The volume argues that over-indebtedness has more to do with social inequalities than financial illiteracy, and should therefore be understood in the light of global trends of financialization. It also reveals the ambiguity of "financial inclusion" policies, and in many respects questions the actions of new credit providers. This book will be valuable reading for students, researchers and policy makers interested in microfinance and development issues.
Download or read book Economic Analysis of Law written by Richard A. Posner and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 1717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lucid, comprehensive, and definitive in its field, this text covers every aspect of economic analysis of the law. Features: Two new chapters, one on intellectual property, one on international and comparative law, both exploding fields of great importance. Earlier editions' questions have been converted to answers, making the book more accessible and informative. Revised to be clearer and less technical. More eclectic, reflecting recent criticisms of "rational choice" theory, in particular the need to supplement it with insights from psychology. Greater attention paid to judicial behavior, realistically modeled and explained in economic terms. Incorporates insights from the veritable explosion of books and articles published in the last few years on economic analysis of law.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Housing Policy and Planning written by Katrin B. Anacker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Housing Policy and Planning provides a comprehensive multidisciplinary overview of contemporary trends in housing studies, housing policies, planning for housing, and housing innovations in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Continental Europe. In 29 chapters, international scholars discuss aspects pertaining to the right to housing, inequality, homeownership, rental housing, social housing, senior housing, gentrification, cities and suburbs, and the future of housing policies. This book is essential reading for students, policy analysts, policymakers, practitioners, and activists, as well as others interested in housing policy and planning.
Download or read book Marketing Management written by Michael R. Czinkota and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 901 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides students with comprehensive insights on the classical and contemporary marketing theories and their practical implications. A fourth, revised edition of Marketing Management, the text features new classical and contemporary cases, new interdisciplinary and cross-functional implications of business management theories, contemporary marketing management principles and. futuristic application of marketing management theories and concepts. The core and complex issues are presented in a simplified manner providing students with a stimulating learning experience that enables critical thinking, understanding and future application. Each chapter features a chapter summary, key terms, review and discussion questions and a practice quiz. Throughout the text there are also specific teaching features to provide students and instructors with an enhanced pedagogical experience. These features include: The Manager’s Corner: These sections provide real-world examples that instructors may highlight to exemplify theory or as mini-cases for discussion. Marketing in Action: These sections ask students to apply concepts and theories to actual business situations. Web Exercises: These mini sections provide students with real world issues and suggest websites for more information. In addition, the authors provide ancillary lecture notes and Solution/Instructors manual online to aid instructors in their teaching activities.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Financial Literacy written by Gianni Nicolini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial literacy and financial education are not new topics, even though interest in these topics among policymakers, financial authorities, and academics continues to grow. The Routledge Handbook of Financial Literacy provides a comprehensive reference work that addresses both research perspectives and practical applications to financial education. This is the first volume to summarize the milestones of research in financial literacy from multiple perspectives to offer an overview. The book is organized into six parts. The first three parts provide a conceptual framework, which discusses what financial literacy is, how it should be measured, and explains why it represents a relevant topic and effective tool in enhancing decision-making among consumers as well as consumer protection strategies. Part IV addresses the connection between financial education and financial literacy, with chapters about financial education in school settings as well as for adults. This part includes an analysis of the role of Fintech and the use of gamification in financial education. Part V is a collection of contributions that analyze financial literacy and financial education around the world, with a focus on geographical areas including the U.S., South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa. This part also considers how financial literacy should be addressed in the case of Islamic finance. The concluding part of the book examines how financial literacy is related to other possible approaches to consumer finance and consumer protection, addressing the relationships between financial literacy and behavioral economics, financial well-being, and financial inclusion. This volume is an indispensable reference for scholars who are new to the topic, including undergraduate and graduate students, and for experienced researchers who wish to enrich their knowledge, policymakers seeking a broader understanding and an international perspective, and practitioners who seek knowledge of best practices as well as innovative approaches.
