Download or read book Is Investor State Dispute Settlement ISDS Superior to Litigation Before Domestic Courts An EU View on Bilateral Trade Agreements written by Marco Bronckers and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanism of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) allows private foreign investors to challenge government measures before an ad hoc international arbitral tribunal. ISDS has been in existence for a long time. Yet recently this mechanism has proven very controversial, notably in the European Union and then the United States, when it became part of the negotiations on a comprehensive free trade agreement (TTIP) between them. According to critics, ISDS unduly limits the policy space of the signatory governments, and suffers from inadequate procedures. Some have argued that foreign investor claims should be dealt with like other private claims, by domestic courts. Others have argued that domestic courts should not become involved at all, and that foreign investor claims should be dealt with exclusively by state-to-state dispute settlement. This debate about ISDS is actually connected to broader discussions in the EU about whether private parties (not just foreign investors) should be permitted to invoke international law before domestic courts. The paper's two main contentions are: First, the limited role domestic courts can play in resolving treaty-based claims is not a fact. This is largely the result of a surreptitious, and unfortunate policy choice of the EU institutions and Member States. Second, even if one assumes that relying on domestic courts could be problematic where treaties are concerned, it makes little sense to allow only foreign investors a better shot at enforcing treaty provisions through some kind of international mechanism. The new generation of bilateral agreements cover multiple subjects, from trade to investment, from environment to labor rights. Accordingly, beyond foreign investors other private stakeholders also have an interest in the correct implementation of these agreements. By denying all these stakeholders the right to rely on treaties the governments are putting a firm brake on the benefits they were hoping to generate. This contradicts the high expectations governments like to raise about the positive impact of the new bilateral trade agreements on economic growth, environmental protection etc.
Download or read book Investor State Dispute Settlement and National Courts written by Gabrielle Kaufmann-Kohler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book examines the multiple intersections between national and international courts in the field of investment protection, and suggests possible modes for regulating future jurisdictional interactions between domestic courts and international tribunals. The current system of foreign investment protection consists of more than 3,000 international investment agreements (IIAs), most of which provide for investment arbitration as the forum for the resolution of disputes between foreign investors and host States. However, national courts also have jurisdiction over certain matters involving cross-border investments. International investment tribunals and national courts thus interact in a number of ways, which range from harmonious co-existence to reinforcing complementation, reciprocal supervision and, occasionally, competition and discord. The book maps this complex relationship between dispute settlement bodies in the current investment treaty context and assesses the potential role of domestic courts in future treaty frameworks that could emerge from the States current efforts to reform the system. The book concludes that, in certain areas of interaction between domestic courts and international investment tribunals, the "division of labor" between the two bodies is not always optimal, producing inefficiencies that burden the system as a whole. In these areas, there is a need for improvement by introducing a more fruitful allocation of tasks between domestic and international courts and tribunals - whatever form(s) the international mechanism for the settlement of investment disputes may take. Given its scope, the book contributes not only to legal analysis, but also to the policy reflections that are needed for ongoing efforts to reform investor-State dispute settlement.
Download or read book China the EU and International Investment Law written by Yuwen Li and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an original and critical analysis of the most contentious subjects being negotiated in the China–EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI). It focuses on the pathway of reforming investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) from both Chinese and European perspectives in the context of the China–EU CAI and beyond. The book is divided into three parts. Part I examines key and controversial issues of the China–EU CAI negotiations, including market access, sustainable development and human rights, as well as comparing distinct features between the China–EU CAI and the China–US BIT. Part II concentrates on the institutional reform of investor-state arbitration with an extensive analysis of the EU’s approach to replacing the private nature of investment arbitration with the public nature of an investment court. Part III addresses the core substantive and procedural issues concerning ISDS, such as the role of domestic courts in investment dispute settlement, the status of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) as investors, transparency and the protection of victims in investment dispute resolution. This book will be of interest to scholars and practitioners in the field of international investment and trade law, particularly investment dispute settlement.
Download or read book Permanent Investment Courts written by Güneş Ünüvar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special issue focuses on the opportunities and challenges connected with investment courts. The creation of permanent investment courts was first proposed several decades ago, but it has only recently become likely that these proposals will be implemented. In particular, the European Commission has pushed for a court-like mechanism to resolve investment disputes in various recent trade and investment negotiations. Such a framework was included in some free trade agreements (FTAs) and investment protection agreements (IPAs) the European Union (EU) signed or negotiated with Vietnam, Singapore, Mexico and Canada. While it was shelved long before the publication of this Special Issue, the European Commission had also formally proposed a court system during the negotiations for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) agreement with the United States. The issue of a Multilateral Investment Court (MIC) has also been prevalent at the Working Group III proceedings of the UNCITRAL on investor-State dispute settlement reform, attracting scholarly and public attention.Will these developments lead to the creation of permanent investment courts? How will such courts change the future of international investment law? Will they bring about a real institutional change in adjudicatory mechanisms? Will they introduce a 'hybrid' system, which borrows important characteristics from both arbitration and institutional methods of international adjudication? How will the enforcement mechanisms work, and under which rules of ethics will its adjudicators function and exercise their duties? This special issue brings together leading scholars sharing a common interest in investment courts to address these questions.
Download or read book Dispute Settlement in Investment Treaties Private Courts of Arbitration and their Alternatives written by Christian Brandes and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,6, http://www.uni-jena.de/, language: English, abstract: In the era of Globalisation international investment flows are large. Even small and medium sized companies are active in foreign countries and economies are increasingly interdependent. Despite this globalisation process there is no unified legal framework concerning international investments and the disputes which may arise from them. In this perspective global governance is lacking behind globalisation. International investment is one of the key drivers of economic development. Investors demand legal security, also in countries where domestic governance is weak in order to minimise the non-commercial risks. International Investment Agreements (IIA) between two or more countries serve as primary legal basis to govern and protect international investments and to settle disputes between investors and states. The framework of thousands of IIAs and within it the system of Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) is fragmented and increasingly subject to harsh critique of providing inconsistent arbitration awards and lacking legitimacy in general. This paper addresses the development of ISDS provisions in investment agreements and how the current system could be reformed. Chapter two provides a historical overview of investment treaty practice, the roots of the current system and the development of private courts of arbitration. Main ISDS institutions and their rules will be introduced. The following section will point out the arguments in favour and opposing ISDS. Critique will be made visible on examples of prominent cases as well as on overall findings from treaty analysis. The final chapter deals with possibilities to reform, amend or even replace today’s ISDS regime. It will address recent megaregional agreements such like the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and their possible roles in shaping future rules which will govern international investment flows.
Download or read book Investor State Dispute Settlement written by Scott Miller and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-02-02 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) is a provision in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and other international investment agreements that allows investors to enter arbitration with states over treaty breaches. ISDS has become controversial in the United States and our negotiating partners; critics, including some governments, have argued that ISDS is unnecessary, while others insist it is illegitimate as public policy. Treaty-based investment protection represents a major advance in the fair treatment of aliens and the peaceful resolution of disputes. Given the alternatives, withdrawing from investment treaties—the logical conclusion of the critics’ position—would likely have negative consequences for economic growth and the rule of law. This report is an empirical review of ISDS, based on the record of disputes under existing investment treaties.
Download or read book EU External Relations Law written by Piet Eeckhout and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the legal and constitutional foundations of the EU's external relations. It focuses on the EU's external powers and objectives, on the instruments, principles and actors of external policies, and on the legal effects of international agreements and international law.
Download or read book The Investor State Dispute Settlement System written by Alan M. Anderson and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-11-27 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investor-State disputes are increasing and damage awards are often significant. It is thus no surprise that the investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) system has come under scrutiny. Perceptions have arisen that ISDS is inconsistent, lacks transparency, and is simply unfair. This book delves into the ongoing worldwide debate and discussions regarding the ISDS system. Drawing contributors from around the world, the authors provide insights on critical topics and address the key question facing the ISDS system and the international community it serves: Should the present ISDS system be reformed, replaced, or simply remain as is? The contributors represent points of view ranging from academia to practice to governmental entities, addressing such topics as: the possible consequences of wholesale replacement or elimination of the current ISDS system; mediation as an alternative to resolve ISDS disputes; the creation of a multinational investment court or appellate review mechanism; lack of an early dismissal mechanism to eliminate meritless claims; issues regarding arbitrators, including their appointment and ethical obligations; how investors may retain their right to pursue claims for violations of investment protection following termination of an agreement; a State’s right to assert a counterclaim against an investor-claimant; the role of ISDS in promoting and protecting renewable energy production; the liability of State-controlled entities; the effects and implications of third-party funding; the duty to mitigate damages in the light of excessive damages awards; and improvements and issues relating to post-award enforcement, duration, and cost of ISDS. This book considers the ongoing deliberations and reform measures proposed by UNCITRAL’s Working Group III and provides insights into how several geographic regions and economic cooperation areas have sought to address the question of reform of the ISDS system, including the European Union, the Middle East, and the new United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement. With its much-needed and deeply informed balancing of investor and State rights and duties, this book will be welcomed by all who practise in the ISDS field, including arbitrators, State governments and non-governmental organizations, regional economic organizations, and international investors.
Download or read book International Investment Law and the Law of the European Union written by Xaralampos Tagaroulias and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2024-07-15 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Arbitration Law Library The fragility of the relationship between international law and European Union (EU) law comes to the fore when a dispute arises between an EU Member State and a multinational corporate investor. This book analyzes the legislative and jurisprudential backbone affecting both policy and practice in this area, showing in the process how both the autonomy of the EU legal order and the sovereignty of Member States can be strengthened through a common investor protection policy inside the EU with an efficient adjudication mechanism promised by the EU’s “new generation” agreements. With a thorough analysis of the parameters that the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) arbitral tribunals have set for the interplay between EU law and international investment law, the following salient issues and topics and more are covered: operation of the EU’s exclusive competence regarding foreign direct investment; EU rules on capital movements related to investments; potential conflicts between EU law and extra-EU bilateral investment treaties; intra-EU bilateral investment treaties viewed from the perspectives of both international and EU law primacy; role of arbitral tribunals in intra-EU dispute settlement and ramifications in the light of applicable law; and problems arising when the lex arbitri in the proceedings is the law of a non-EU state. The relevant jurisprudence of the CJEU is analyzed against ISDS case law, and detailed attention is paid to scholarship in the relevant fields. The author presents substantial and procedural solutions that will prevent the violation of EU law without sacrificing the substantial protection that arbitration provides for the protection of investments. The book goes largely beyond existing literature and is the first to jointly address EU law, international investment law, and integration theories with actionable solutions. It will allow all concerned with international judicial decision-making to acquire an arsenal of available normative responses to issues raised by EU law’s autonomy, primacy of EU law, EU competences, international EU responsibility, compatibility of ISDS with EU law, and other issues, addressing all the challenges likely to be raised in arbitral or court proceedings. Practitioners will discover viable ways to identify, prevent, or resolve legal impasses stemming from the overlap of EU law and other international law regimes when structuring an investment inside the EU.
Download or read book Role of Domestic Courts in the Settlement of Investor State Disputes written by A. Saravanan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the interactions between the domestic courts and the international investment arbitral tribunals, one of the most pressing issues confronting both domestic legal systems and the international legal system. It deals with the core issues inherent in the above interactions, especially with regard to countries outside the ICSID system. It contrasts this narrative with the position under classical international investment law, where national courts are assigned a very specific and minimalistic role in the process of investment disputes settlement. For this purpose, the book chooses India, which follows the non-ICSID model, as the major point of focus and considers both domestic judicial decisions and investment arbitral decisions for critical analysis. The ICSID Convention grants limited powers to domestic courts to issue provisional measures and to enforce ICSID awards. As the central theme of the book lies at the intersection of domestic law and international law, the work is indispensable for any scholar working in the areas of general international law, international investment law, international economic law, law and economics, international dispute settlement, or international law in domestic courts, as well as domestic judges and international arbitrators. Further, as the subject matter has great implications for both domestic and global governance, it will benefit civil servants, opinion leaders, policy planners and subject experts in economics, the political economy and regional studies, to name a few. Excerpt from the Foreword: “One of the great merits of this book is that... It looks at bilateral investment treaties themselves to probe more deeply into the role of national courts in investment arbitration... This masterful book fills a major void as a resource in Indian international arbitration law. But is also the prototype of what any serious inquiry into the judicial role in investor-State arbitration in any jurisdiction should look like...” - George A. Bermann, Walter Gellhorn Professor of Law and Jean Monnet Professor of European Union Law, Columbia Law School, USA
Download or read book International Commercial Courts written by Stavros Brekoulakis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-21 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents international commercial courts from a comparative perspective and highlights their role in transnational adjudication.
Download or read book The Role of the European Union in the Systemic Reform of Investor state Dispute Settlement in International and Regional Trade Agreements written by Laurence Marquis and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legitimacy crisis of the investor state dispute settlement regime has been gaining ground for well-over a decade. At the heart of this crisis stands the status of the arbitrator. Ethics in international arbitration have been identified, together with lack of consistency between awards, as the foremost cause of concern by investors, states and civil society.5 These critics regarding independence and impartiality of the arbitrators pose issues to the respect of the rule of law in investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS). In 2014, to address this growing discontent, the European Union enacted a fundamental reform by replacing ISDS in its agreements by the new Investment Court System (ICS), in the wake of their negotiations for the largest ever free trade agreement with the United States. While this agreement was paused indefinitely shortly after, the reform was nevertheless implemented by the EU as part of its new policy on investment. To date, this reform has been implemented in the EU Agreements with Singapore, Canada, Viet Nam and Mexico. Some have hailed the EU’s approach as a fundamental reform of ISDS, and others have simply considered it a partial judicialization of ISDS. In this dissertation, we examine whether the reform enacted by the EU provides for a more robust rule of law with respect to the arbitrators’ independence and impartiality. 7 This analysis is completed through a comparative assessment between the two autonomous legal orders that are the EU legal order and the International arbitral order. The value of the rule of law is used to establish the extent to which the suggested ISDS reforms, whether the ICS, the Multilateral Investment Court (“MIC”) or the other debated proposals contribute to strengthen the rule of law. We seem, these days, to be witnessing the disintegration of the international economic order8 . International trade in the time of America First policies, the continuous rise of China, and the challenges related to the exit of the United Kingdom from the EU are mere reminders of these changing times. The European Union, after decreeing that “ISDS is dead”9, is now attempting to take on the role of leader and reformer of international trade and investment with the introduction of the ICS. The ongoing negotiations at UNCITRAL Working Group III for ISDS reform, including the establishment of the MIC, is another illustration of the EU’s growing impact and influence on the content and design of international trade agreements. The objective of this thesis is therefore to determine whether the EU investment policy reforms have a unifying effect at the supranational, regional and international levels or rather further contribute to its fragmentation by bringing to light the challenges and failings of the proposed reforms on the independence and impartiality of arbitrators.
Download or read book The Popular Legitimacy of Investor State Dispute Settlement written by Marius Dotzauer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-09-29 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers theoretical arguments and original empirical data on the legitimacy of the investor-state dispute settlement system in the eyes of the general public. The legitimacy of the investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) system has become a major issue in recent negotiations on new trade and investment agreements, such as the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP). This book considers the remarkable rise of investor-state arbitration, its politicization and the corresponding legitimacy crisis that has induced a political process of ISDS reform. The book applies theoretical arguments about legitimacy perceptions among the mass public and tests these arguments in survey experiments in Germany, France, and the United States to answer the question of whether ISDS reform can be successful. By showing that large parts of the population hold negative perceptions about the current system of private arbitration and believe that an international investment court and domestic courts are more legitimate dispute resolution systems, the book extends the debate on the legitimacy of the ISDS mechanism, which has so far been dominated by conflicting normative claims of supporters and critics. With regard to the academic debate about legitimacy in global governance, the author underlines that the legitimacy perceptions of ordinary citizens must be taken seriously to ensure the sustainability of global governance and international law in the long term. This book will be of interest to academics working in international relations, international political economy, international law, transnational law, authority, politicization, and legitimacy of global governance. It will also be of great use to practitioners in the field of international investment law, including lawyers, and government officials working in international dispute settlement.
Download or read book The Legitimacy of Investment Arbitration written by Daniel Behn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rigorous and empirically-based analysis of the legitimacy challenges facing investment arbitration and the potential for reforms to remedy critique.
Download or read book Contemporary Challenges to EU Legality written by Claire Kilpatrick and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume on the law of the European Union focuses on contemporary challenges to EU legality. Such challenges include actions or activities that cast doubt on, or sit uncomfortably with, the premises, principles, and norms that underpin the EU's legal order as proclaimed by the Treaties and the authoritative judgments of the European Court. These premises, principles, and norms range from the precisely formulated to the noticeably vague. The book develops a broader theoretical perspective as well as delving into a range of substantive areas including the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the EU's relationship with international law, migration, the sovereign debt crisis, and Brexit.
Download or read book International Arbitration and EU Law written by Nikos Lavranos and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this substantially revised and updated second edition, this work examines the intersection of EU law and international arbitration based on the experience of leading practitioners in both commercial and investment treaty arbitration law. It expertly illustrates the depth and breadth of EU lawÕs impact on party autonomy and on the margin of appreciation available to arbitral tribunals. This second edition covers all relevant new developments in law and practice, and tracks the ever-increasing influence of EU law and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) in international arbitration.
Download or read book The Investment Chapters of the EU s International Trade and Investment Agreements in a Comparative Perspective written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
