Download or read book Iron Oxy Hydroxide Minerals and Their Application for Phosphate Removal from Wastewater Via Adsorption and for Prebiotic Reactions on the Early Earth written by Erika Flores and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iron (oxy)hydroxide minerals are chemically reactive, possess adsorptive properties and have been shown to be involved in a variety of reactions. These minerals can occur naturally in the environment and can be synthesized in the lab. In this work, iron minerals were studied for their applications to phosphate removal from wastewater and prebiotic reactions on the Early Earth (anoxic environment before existence of life). Phosphorus (P) is a fundamental element for biochemistry and life as we know it. In nature it exists as its oxidized form, phosphate (PO43-), it is a structural component in both DNA and RNA and is an essential nutrient for humans, animals and plants. The P cycle, a biogeochemical cycle, allows P to move through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere yet in the early Earth, these processes would not have been the same and PO4 would have been less available for reactions due to its insolubility. It could have been possible, however, for PO4 to have been concentrated long enough for changes in the environment to occur which could have allowed PO4 to be released and become more available. Although PO4 is essential to life, excess loading in the environment due to anthropogenic activities such as agricultural runoff, urban runoff, and wastewater discharge can lead to nutrient pollution. Elevated amounts of PO4 in bodies of water has detrimental effects to human health and the environment; resulting in contamination of drinking water and death of aquatic life. Nutrient pollution is a worldwide problem and it is imperative to deal with the problem at the source and this necessitates new technologies for treatment in small-scale wastewater treatment systems.In this work, several studies were conducted to synthesize iron (oxy)hydroxide minerals at various iron redox state (0% Fe2+ to 100% Fe3+) and pH (6 to 9) and anoxic/oxic conditions to test their reactivity in prebiotic reactions and their adsorption of PO4 for concentration of PO4 on the early Earth and for P-removal in septic systems. These studies demonstrated that iron (oxy)hydroxides are highly reactive (producing amino acids and Îł-hydroxy acids) and efficiently adsorb phosphate ( > 90%) at a range of experimental conditions. Geochemical gradients such as redox, pH and temperature had an effect on reactions. Mechanism and kinetic experiments are needed to better understand the adsorption reaction system so that proper implementation techniques to septic systems to enhance P-removal can be sought. Overall, it is important to further study iron (oxy)hydroxide minerals as they can be applicable to a variety of fields including environmental engineering and astrobiology.
Download or read book Adsorptive Iron Removal from Groundwater written by Sharoz Kumar Sharma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pilot study conducted at the Gilze water treatment plant of Water Supply North West Brabant demonstrated that adsorptive filtration has several potential advantages over floc filtration, namely: longer filter runs due to slower head loss development; better filtrate quality; shorter ripening time; and less backwash water use. In existing groundwater treatment plants, the high iron (II) adsorption capacity of the iron oxide coated filter media makes it potentially possible to switch the governing mode of operation from floc filtration to adsorptive filtration. To achieve this two options can be considered: iron (II) adsorption under anoxic conditions followed by oxidation with oxygen-rich water; and adsorption of iron (II) in the presence of oxygen and simultaneous oxidation. The first option might be attractive specifically when two filtration steps are available.
Download or read book Phosphate Sorption in Single and Mixed Fe and Al oxide Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction of phosphate with Fe(III) and Al(III) is important in soils, wastes and other systems of environmental significance. The goal of this research was to characterize phosphate sorption in single- and mixed Fe- and Al-oxide systems using XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy). The specific objectives of this research were: 1) To determine the quantitative distribution of phosphate between Fe-and Al-oxide minerals in mixtures containing these minerals; 2) To assign XANES spectral features for phosphate associated with Fe(III) or Al(III) to specific electronic transitions; and 3) To characterize adsorption versus surface precipitation in single- and binary mixtures of Fe- and Al-oxide minerals. Phosphate was sorbed in single-mineral aqueous suspensions of ferrihydrite (ferric hydroxide), boehmite (aluminum oxyhydroxide), goethite (iron oxyhydroxide), or non-crystalline (non-xl) Al-hydroxide, and mixtures of ferrihydrite/boehmite, goethite/boehmite, and ferrihydrite/non-xl Al-hydroxide at pH 6. Samples were reacted at 22 degrees Celsius for 42 h. Phosphate sorption isotherm trends for mixed-mineral systems were L-curves and were intermediate to those of the respective minerals in the mixture. Phosphorus K-XANES spectra for phosphate on Fe- vs. Al-oxide minerals differed in that a weak doublet peak was observed for Fe-oxides on the low-energy side of the P K-edge, i.e., in the pre-edge region. The quantitative distribution of phosphate between ferrihydrite and boehmite in mixtures of these minerals was determined using linear combination fitting (LCF) analysis of the XANES pre-edge region. Results showed that phosphate essentially distributed itself in proportion to the maximum phosphate sorption capacity of each of these minerals. Using a XANES fitting procedure, phosphate was found to show a greater apparent preference for boehmite and non-xl Al-hydroxide minerals in goethite/boehmite and ferrihydrite/non-xl Al-hydroxide mixtures, respec.
Download or read book The Reaction of Phosphate with Mineral Surfaces and Iron Oxide Gels written by Arnold Gerhard Scholten and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Formation of Ferric Phosphate Minerals and Adsorption of Phosphate on Amorphous Iron Oxide written by Norman David Warry and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phosphate and Mineral Homeostasis written by Shaul G. Massry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phosphorus in Environmental Technology written by E. Valsami-Jones and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-05-31 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus in Environmental Technology: Principles and Applications, provides a definitive and detailed presentation of state-of-the-art knowledge on the environmental behaviour of phosphorus and its applications to the treatment of waters and soils. Special attention is given to phosphorus removal for recovery technologies, a concept that has emerged over the past 5-6 years. The book features an all-encompassing approach: the fundamental science of phosphorus (chemistry, geochemistry, mineralogy, biology), key aspects of its environmental behaviour and mobility, industrial applications (treatment, removal, recovery) and the principles behind such applications, novel biotechnologies and, importantly, it also addresses socio-economic issues which often influence implementation and the ultimate success of any new technology. A detailed subject index helps the reader to find their way through the different scientific and technological aspects covered, making it an invaluable reference work for students, professionals and consultants dealing with phosphorus-related environmental technologies. State-of-the-art knowledge on the behaviour of phosphorus and its applications to environmental science and technology. Covers all aspects of phosphorus in the environment, engineered and biological systems; an interdisciplinary text.
Download or read book Classical And Quantum Dynamics In Condensed Phase Simulations Proceedings Of The International School Of Physics written by Bruce J Berne and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-06-17 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The school held at Villa Marigola, Lerici, Italy, in July 1997 was very much an educational experiment aimed not just at teaching a new generation of students the latest developments in computer simulation methods and theory, but also at bringing together researchers from the condensed matter computer simulation community, the biophysical chemistry community and the quantum dynamics community to confront the shared problem: the development of methods to treat the dynamics of quantum condensed phase systems.This volume collects the lectures delivered there. Due to the focus of the school, the contributions divide along natural lines into two broad groups: (1) the most sophisticated forms of the art of computer simulation, including biased phase space sampling schemes, methods which address the multiplicity of time scales in condensed phase problems, and static equilibrium methods for treating quantum systems; (2) the contributions on quantum dynamics, including methods for mixing quantum and classical dynamics in condensed phase simulations and methods capable of treating all degrees of freedom quantum-mechanically.
Download or read book Chemical Biomarkers in Aquatic Ecosystems written by Thomas S. Bianchi and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a unique and thorough look at the application of chemical biomarkers to aquatic ecosystems. Defining a chemical biomarker as a compound that can be linked to particular sources of organic matter identified in the sediment record, the book indicates that the application of these biomarkers for an understanding of aquatic ecosystems consists of a biogeochemical approach that has been quite successful but underused. This book offers a wide-ranging guide to the broad diversity of these chemical biomarkers, is the first to be structured around the compounds themselves, and examines them in a connected and comprehensive way. This timely book is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students seeking training in this area; researchers in biochemistry, organic geochemistry, and biogeochemistry; researchers working on aspects of organic cycling in aquatic ecosystems; and paleoceanographers, petroleum geologists, and ecologists. Provides a guide to the broad diversity of chemical biomarkers in aquatic environments The first textbook to be structured around the compounds themselves Describes the structure, biochemical synthesis, analysis, and reactivity of each class of biomarkers Offers a selection of relevant applications to aquatic systems, including lakes, rivers, estuaries, oceans, and paleoenvironments Demonstrates the utility of using organic molecules as tracers of processes occurring in aquatic ecosystems, both modern and ancient
Download or read book Microbial Bioremediation Biodegradation written by Maulin P. Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial or biological degradation has long been the subject of active concern, and the rapid expansion and growing sophistication of various industries in the last century has significantly increased the volume and complexity of toxic residues of wastes. These can be remediated by plants and microbes, either natural origin or adapted for a specific purpose, in a process known as bioremediation. The interest in microbial biodegradation of pollutants has intensified in recent years in an attempt to find sustainable ways to clean contaminated environments. These bioremediation and biotransformation methods take advantage of the tremendous microbial catabolic diversity to degrade, transform or accumulate a variety of compounds, such as hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polaromatic hydrocarbons pharmaceutical substances, radionuclides and metals. Unlike conventional methods, bioremediation does not physically disturb the site. This book describes the basic principles of biodegradation and shows how these principles are related to bioremediation. Authored by leading, international environmental microbiologists, it discusses topics such as aerobic biodegradation, microbial degradation of pollutants, and microbial community dynamics. It provides valuable insights into how biodegration processes work and can be utilised for pollution abatement, and as such appeals to researchers and postgraduate students as well as experts in the field of bioremediation.
Download or read book Adsorption at Natural Minerals Water Interfaces written by Shaoxian Song and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-10 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the latest research regarding the adsorption of heavy metals, toxic ions, and organic compounds at the interfaces of water/minerals, such as mineralogical characterizations, surface chemistry, and modification of natural minerals as adsorbents, as well as the adsorption of cations, anions, and organic compounds in water. Presenting findings by the authors and their co-workers, the book helps readers grasp the principals and benefits of using minerals for water treatment, as well as the advanced technologies in the area developed over last 30 years, especially the last 10 years.
Download or read book Green Photocatalytic Semiconductors written by Seema Garg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises a detailed overview on the role of photocatalysts for environmental remediation, hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction. Effective ways to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the material via doping, hybrid material, laser light and nanocomposites have been discussed in this book. The book also further elaborates the role of metal nanoparticles, rare earth doping, sensitizers, surface oxygen vacancy, interface engineering and band gap engineering for enhancing the photocatalytic activity. An approach to recover the photocatalytic material via immobilization is also presented. This book brings to light much of the recent research in the development of such semiconductor photocatalytic systems. The book will thus be of relevance to researchers in the field of: material science, environmental science & technology, photocatalytic applications, newer methods of energy generation & conversion and industrial applications.
Download or read book Advanced Organic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids written by Zoe A. Shabarova and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequencing, cloning, transcription - these are but a few key techniques behind the current breathtaking advances in molecular biology and biochemistry. As these methods continuosly diversify, biochemists need a sound chemical understanding to keep the pace. Chemists beginning working in the molecular biology lab need an introduction to this field from their point of view. This book serves both: it describes most of the known chemical reactions of nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids in sufficient detail to provide the desired background, and additionally, the fundamental relations between sequence, structure and functionality of nucleic acids are presented. The first edition of this book, which was published in Russian, has immediately become a recognized standard reference. This second, thoroughly revised and updated edition, now published in English, is likely to achieve a similar position in the international scientific community.
Download or read book Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in Biomedical Industries written by Inamuddin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the applications of ion-exchange materials in the biomedical industries. It includes topics related to the application of ion exchange chromatography in determination, extraction and separation of various compounds such as amino acids, morphine, antibiotics, nucleotides, penicillin and many more. This title is a highly valuable source of knowledge on ion-exchange materials and their applications suitable for postgraduate students and researchers but also to industrial R&D specialists in chemistry, chemical, and biochemical technology. Additionally, this book will provide an in-depth knowledge of ion-exchange column and operations suitable for engineers and industrialists.
Download or read book Essential Microbiology written by Stuart Hogg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential Microbiology 2nd Edition is a fully revised comprehensive introductory text aimed at students taking a first course in the subject. It provides an ideal entry into the world of microorganisms, considering all aspects of their biology (structure, metabolism, genetics), and illustrates the remarkable diversity of microbial life by devoting a chapter to each of the main taxonomic groupings. The second part of the book introduces the reader to aspects of applied microbiology, exploring the involvement of microorganisms in areas as diverse as food and drink production, genetic engineering, global recycling systems and infectious disease. Essential Microbiology explains the key points of each topic but avoids overburdening the student with unnecessary detail. Now in full colour it makes extensive use of clear line diagrams to clarify sometimes difficult concepts or mechanisms. A companion web site includes further material including MCQs, enabling the student to assess their understanding of the main concepts that have been covered. This edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect the developments that have occurred in recent years and includes a completely new section devoted to medical microbiology. Students of any life science degree course will find this a concise and valuable introduction to microbiology.
Download or read book Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology written by Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-27 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a complete overview of a wide range of nanomaterials from their synthesis and characterization to current and potential applications with special focus on the use of such nano-based products as functional agents in biomedical, environmental and industrial applications. It addresses the intrinsic relationship between aspects involving the synthesis of nanocompounds, their bio-physico-chemical properties and their interactions occurring in biomedical, environmental and industrial matrix. This book is of interest to engineers, academics and research scholars working in these fields.
Download or read book Polymeric and Self Assembled Hydrogels written by Xian Jun Loh and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book to give a complete picture of current hydrogel research, covering all the major applications as well as the fundamental principles behind them.
