Download or read book Iron Nickel Separation at High Concentration Solutions Using Ion Exchange written by René Alberto Silva Jimenez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation of iron from nickel and other base metals is an indispensable step of leach liquor purification in hydrometallurgy. Currently, the removal of Fe3+ is carried out by precipitation increasing pH of leach liquor to the limits of iron solubility. Depending on the process conditions Fe3+ precipitates into jarosite, hematite, goethite, or magnetite. Mechanical filtration processes separate the Fe-precipitates from nickel leach solutions. The disposal of precipitate requires strict measures of waste management to reduce the potential of pollution. Iron removal through precipitation is a resource intensive process. Therefore, the pursuit of alternative processes for iron removal signify an opportunity for overall process improvements. Ion exchange is a potential alternative for Fe removal. Hydrometallurgy currently uses ion exchange resin at industrial scale for removal and purification of non-ferrous metals. However, the industry remains reluctant in applying ion exchange for iron removal. Partly due to relatively simplicity of Fe precipitation processes and the lack of environmental regulation related to waste disposal. Previous research on Fe removal by ion exchange focuses on systems at low concentrations (>0.1 M) and research related to Fe removal from electrolytes at high metal concentration is scarce. At large, most of the work is unavailable. It is protected by intellectual properties and company secrecy. Although selectivity of resins is stablished at low concentration systems, theory suggest that selectivity trends and adsorption potential change as metal concentration increases. Therefore, there is a need for investigation to confirm resins technical feasibility at electrolytes of high metal concentration. In this work, the adsorption capabilities and selectivity for Fe3+ over Ni2+ were evaluated using 30 commercial ion exchange resins of cross-linked polystyrene with divinylbenzene body with 16 different functional groups. The selected resins were classified into strong cationic exchangers (i.e., sulfonic resins), weak cationic exchangers (i.e., carboxylic resins), chelating resins (i.e., N-methyl-glucamine, amidoxime, iminodiacetic, bis-picolylamine, phosphinic, phosphoric, thiol, thiourea and isothiouronium, aminophosphonic, and combination of sulfonic and phosphonic resins), and mixed bed resin (i.e., combination of sulfonic and quaternary ammonium groups). Additionally, resin containing strong anion exchange characteristics (i.e., quaternary ammonium resins) acted as control experiments while non-functionalized resin acted as blank experiments. The potential for Fe3+ adsorption and selectivity was evaluated in bimetallic (Fe:Ni) and polymetallic (Fe:Ni:Co:Cu) systems. The bimetallic systems contained equimolar concentration of Fe3+ and Ni2+ satisfying rough averages of common concentration found in Ni-bearing sulfide and laterite ore leach liquors. The polymetallic systems contained excess of Ni2+ to represent leach liquors obtained from Ni-bearing sulfide ores. Among the resins tested, resins containing aminophosphonic acid groups (up to 94% removal), a combination of phosphonic and sulfonic (93%), iminodiacetic acid (92%), methylglucamine (91%), carboxylic acid (78%), quaternary ammonium (62%), amidoxime (67%), phosphoric acid (92%), and phosphinic acid (84%) were the best performing resins obtaining satisfactory results for the selective adsorption of Fe3+ from bimetallic and polymetallic systems. The best performing resins underwent systematic studies of single factor optimization to elucidate the parameters that most affect the efficiency of Fe3+ separations. Metal concentrations above 20 g/L and solution pH between 1.0 and 2.3 were dominant solution factors affecting the adsorption trends. Adsorption selectivity changed in time. Adsorption of Fe3+ increased with time up to a maximum of 120 min. Thereafter, the adsorption of Fe3+ was negligible. In periods under 10 min, resins obtained significant co-adsorption of base metals. After that, the co-adsorption of base metal decreased suggesting a base metal displacement by Fe3+. Conversely, temperature had little effect on the metal adsorption trends suggesting that ion exchange do perform appropriately at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 90°C. Not all best performing resins sustained Fe3+ adsorption selectivity after modification of process variables. Among the best performers, the resins sustaining Fe3+ adsorption selectivity were resins with a combination of phosphonic and sulfonic groups, resins with aminophosphonic acid, with carboxylic acid, iminodiacetic acid, phosphoric acid, quaternary ammonium, and methylglucamine. These best performing resins underwent a series of elution studies in H2SO4 and HCl solutions of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10% v/v. Resins with a combination of phosphonic and sulfonic group showed the best elution performance amidst the resins analyzed and underwent a systematic analysis to determine the best conditions to enhance metal elution. A combination of primary and secondary elution using solutions of H2SO4 5% v/v and EDTA 5% w/w resulted in almost 100% elution of Fe3+ and Ni2+. The thermodynamic characteristics of the metal adsorption on ion exchange resins with a combination of phosphonic and sulfonic groups confirmed preference for Fe3+ over Ni2+. The calculation of heat of adsorption, entropy, and the degree of spontaneity of the adsorption reaction was difficult due to the high metal concentration in electrolyte. However, the results showed that the adsorption of Fe3+ in ion exchange resins was favourable with exothermic and exergonic characteristics and positive changes in entropy. Conversely, Ni2+ adsorption was not favourable having negative changes in entropy while the change in Gibbs energy was positive. These observations confirmed the low adsorption percentages of Ni2+ compared to that of Fe3+. None of the kinetic models employed described satisfactory the adsorption rate of Fe3+ as they failed to achieve correlations above 90%. This suggest that the adsorption rate of Fe3+ on resins with a combination of phosphonic and sulfonic groups may be governed by unknown transport phenomena not accounted on the kinetic models used. Overall, the results obtained suggest ion exchange can potentially be an alternative to iron precipitation as an iron removal process in nickel purification. However, economic studies are still required to determine the cost benefit of ion exchange resins against precipitation.
Download or read book Anion Exchange Separations of Metal Ions in Partially Nonaqueous Solutions written by Donald J. Pietrzyk and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ion Exchange written by C E Harland and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion Exchange, 2nd Edition is a totally revised and updated version of the highly popular Monograph for Teachers, first published by The Royal Society of Chemistry in 1975. It covers the practical application of ion exchange and the synthesis of organic ion exchange resins, which have spanned nearly 60 years of development since the pioneering work of Adams and Holmes in 1935. This book covers the theory, development, and application in considerable detail and describes the history of development of ion exchange materials and the advances in their utilization in industrial processes. Key applications in such areas as water purification, hydrometallurgy, and chromatography are described and supported by chapters on the related scientific fundamentals governing equilibria and kinetics of ion exchange. Twenty-two experiments using inexpensive equipment are detailed, which not only complement a chapter dedicated to the characterization of organic exchangers, but also serve to illustrate several other pure and applied principles related to ion exchange phenomena. It is anticipated that the unique inclusion of experiments and the broad coverage of the whole text should appeal to a wide readership and offer particular relevance to practitioners in schools, colleges, and industry.
Download or read book Lithium Process Chemistry written by Alexandre Chagnes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-14 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium Process Chemistry: Resources, Extraction, Batteries and Recycling presents, for the first time, the most recent developments and state-of-the-art of lithium production, lithium-ion batteries, and their recycling. The book provides fundamental and theoretical knowledge on hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry in lithium-ion batteries, including terminology related to these two fields. It is of particular interest to electrochemists who usually have no knowledge in hydrometallurgy and hydrometallurgists not familiar with electrochemistry applied to Li-ion batteries. It is also useful for both teachers and students, presenting an overview on Li production, Li-ion battery technologies, and lithium battery recycling processes that is accompanied by numerous graphical presentations of different battery systems and their electrochemical performances. The book represents the first time that hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry on lithium-ion batteries are assembled in one unique source. - Provides fundamental and theoretical knowledge on hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry in lithium-ion batteries - Represents the first time that hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry on lithium-ion batteries are assembled in one unique source. - Ideal for both electrochemists who usually have no knowledge in hydrometallurgy and hydrometallurgists not familiar with electrochemistry applied to Li-ion batteries - Presents recent developments, as well as challenges in lithium production and lithium-ion battery technologies and their recycling - Covers examples of Li processes production with schematics, also including numerous graphical presentations of different battery systems and their electrochemical performances
Download or read book Purification of Electrolytes for the Deposition of High purity Nickel written by J. G. Donaldson and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ion Exchange Column Design for Separation of Nickel Traces from Cobalt Electrolyte written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Base metal impurities normally associated with cobalt include chrome, copper, iron, manganese, nickel and zinc. Because of the similarity in the chemical behaviour of nickel and cobalt, strategies designed to separate cobalt from other base metal impurities will generally also recover whatever nickel is present.^L^LDOWEX M4195 is a macroporous resin with covalently bonded weakly basic chelating functional groups. The attached functional groups allow a relatively high selectivity for nickel over cobalt in sulphate media and the resin is used industrially for the removal of nickel traces from cobalt sulphate electrolytes.^L^LEquilibrium and kinetic data measured for the cobalt/nickel sulphate system are reviewed and discussed. A mathematical approach used to model nickel breakthrough curves from fixed bed ion exchange contactors is presented and evaluated. Practical application of the approach is demonstrated in a case study where two designs for an ion exchange facility for a 1000 tpa cobalt producing plant are compared.
Download or read book Inorganic Separations Using Ion Exchange Table of Contents written by G. P. Monet and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ion Exchange Technologies written by Ayben Kilislioglu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-11-07 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains information about the technological development of ion exchange in their application for industrial processes. Widely used and well known fields of ion exchange like chromatography and electromembrane technology are described in this book with experimental details. Designing new materials for nanotechnology and nanomaterials as ion exchanger are also explained by experimental proofs. Ion exchange book is suitable not only for postgraduate students but also for researchers in chemistry, biochemistry and chemical technology.
Download or read book Ion exchange Separation of Metals by a Single pass Method written by Richard T. Oliver and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Separation of Heavy Metals written by Anil Kumar De and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Material Science and Environmental Engineering 2013 written by Dr. Qingzhou Xu and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MSEE2013 will provide an excellent international academic forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications on material science and environmental engineering. In the proceedings, you can learn much more knowledge about the newest research results on material science and advanced materials, material engineering and application, environment protection and sustainable development, and environmental science and engineering all around the world.
Download or read book Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction of Metal Complexes written by Y. Marcus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1969 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rare Metal Technology 2016 written by Shafiq Alam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-16 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents the papers presented in the symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. Paper topics include the extraction and processing of elements like antimony, arsenic, gold, indium, palladium, platinum, rare earth metals including yttrium and neodymium, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium. The rare processing techniques covered include direct extraction process for rare earth element recovery; biosorption of precious metals; fluorination behavior of uranium and zirconium mixture of fuel debris treatment; and recovery of valuable components of commodity metals such as zinc, nickel, and metals from slag.
Download or read book The Michigan Technic written by and published by UM Libraries. This book was released on 1959 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Potash Recovery from Process and Waste Brines by Solar Evaporation and Flotation written by Donald G. Foot and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
