Download or read book IRON MAKING AND STEELMAKING written by AHINDRA GHOSH and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2008-02-29 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative account covers the entire spectrum from iron ore to finished steel. It begins by tracing the history of iron and steel production, right from the earlier days to today’s world of oxygen steelmaking, electric steelmaking, secondary steelmaking and continuous casting. The physicochemical fundamental concepts of chemical equilibrium, activity-composition relationships, and structure-properties of molten metals are introduced before going into details of transport phenomena, i.e. kinetics, mixing and mass transfer in ironmaking and steelmaking pro-cesses. Particular emphasis is laid on the understanding of the fundamental principles of the processes and their application to the optimisation of actual processes. Modern developments in blast furnaces, including modelling and process control are discussed along with an introduction to the alternative methods of ironmaking. In the area of steelmaking, BOF plant practice including pre-treatment of hot metal, metallurgical features of oxygen steelmaking processes, and their control form part of the book. It also covers basic open hearth, electric arc furnace and stainless steelmaking, before discussing the area of casting of liquid steel—ingot casting, continuous casting and near net shape casting. The book concludes with a chapter on the status of the ironmaking and steelmaking in India. In line with the application of theoretical principles, several worked-out examples dealing with fundamental principles as applied to actual plant situations are presented. The book is primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of metallurgical engineering. It would also be immensely useful to researchers in the area of iron and steel.

Download or read book Ironmaking and Steelmaking Processes written by Pasquale Cavaliere and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes improvements in the iron and steel making process in the past few decades. It also presents new and improved solutions to producing high quality products with low greenhouse emissions. In addition, it examines legislative regulations regarding greenhouse emissions all around the world and how to control these dangerous emissions in iron and steel making plants.

Download or read book Basic Concepts of Iron and Steel Making written by Sujay Kumar Dutta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-02 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the fundamentals of iron and steel making, including the physical chemistry, thermodynamics and key concepts, while also discussing associated problems and solutions. It guides the reader through the production process from start to finish, covers the raw materials, and addresses the types of processes and reactions involved in both conventional and alternative methods. Though primarily intended as a textbook for students of metallurgical engineering, the book will also prove a useful reference for professionals and researchers working in this area.

Download or read book Ironmaking and Steelmaking written by Zushu Li and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steel is a critical material in our societies and will remain an important one for a long time into the future. In the last two decades, the world steel industry has gone through drastic changes and this is predicted to continue in the future. The Asian countries (e.g. China, India) have been dominant in the production of steel creating global over-capacity, while the steel industry in the developed countries have made tremendous efforts to reinforce its global leadership in process technology and product development, and remain sustainable and competitive. The global steel industry is also facing various grand challenges in strict environmental regulation, new energy and materials sources, and ever-increasing customer requirements for high quality steel products, which has been addressed accordingly by the global iron and steel community. This Special Issue, “Ironmaking and Steelmaking”, released by the journal Metals, published 33 high quality articles from the international iron and steel community, covering the state-of-the-art of the ironmaking and steelmaking processes. This includes fundamental understanding, experimental investigation, pilot plant trials, industrial applications and big data utilization in the improvement and optimization of existing processes, and research and development in transformative technologies. It is hoped that the creation of this special issue as a scientific platform will help drive the iron and steel community to build a sustainable steel industry.

Download or read book Clean Ironmaking and Steelmaking Processes written by Pasquale Cavaliere and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-18 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​This book describes the available technologies that can be employed to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse emissions in the steel- and ironmaking industries. Ironmaking and steelmaking are some of the largest emitters of carbon dioxide (over 2Gt per year) and have some of the highest energy demand (25 EJ per year) among all industries; to help mitigate this problem, the book examines how changes can be made in energy efficiency, including energy consumption optimization, online monitoring, and energy audits. Due to negligible regulations and unparalleled growth in these industries during the past 15-20 years, knowledge of best practices and innovative technologies for greenhouse gas remediation is paramount, and something this book addresses. Presents the most recent technological solutions in productivity analyses and dangerous emissions control and reduction in steelmaking plants; Examines the energy saving and emissions abatement efficiency for potential solutions to emission control and reduction in steelmaking plants; Discusses the application of the results of research conducted over the last ten years at universities, research centers, and industrial institutions.

Download or read book Iron and Steel Production written by K. Bugayev and published by The Minerva Group, Inc.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides basic information covering every aspect of iron and steel production and was originally a textbook for Soviet vocational schools, as well as a practical aid for workers engaged in the field.

Download or read book STEEL MAKING written by A. K. CHAKRABARTI and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2006-12-19 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steel Making is designed to give students a strong grounding in the theory and state-of-the-art practice of production of steels. The book is primarily focused to meet the needs of undergraduate metallurgical students and candidates for associate membership examinations of professional bodies (AMIIM, AMIE). Besides, for all engineering professionals working in steel plants who need to understand the basic principles of steel making, the text provides a sound introduction to the subject. Beginning with a brief introduction to the historical perspective and current status of steel making together with the reasons for obsolescence of Bessemer converter and open hearth processes, the book moves on to : • elaborate the physicochemical principles involved in steel making • explain the operational principles and practices of the modern processes of primary steel making (LD converter, Q-BOP process, and electric furnace process) • provide a summary of the developments in secondary refining of steels • discuss principles and practices of ingot casting and continuous casting of steels • emphasize an increasing need to protect our environment and utilize waste energy • explain transport processes, simulation, and modelling relevant to the developments in steel technology. The book provides considerable information in an easily assimilable form and makes an ideal introduction to the complex subject of steel technology.

Download or read book Separation Technologies for the Industries of the Future written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-08 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation processesâ€"or processes that use physical, chemical, or electrical forces to isolate or concentrate selected constituents of a mixtureâ€"are essential to the chemical, petroleum refining, and materials processing industries. In this volume, an expert panel reviews the separation process needs of seven industries and identifies technologies that hold promise for meeting these needs, as well as key technologies that could enable separations. In addition, the book recommends criteria for the selection of separations research projects for the Department of Energy's Office of Industrial Technology.

Download or read book Operations and Basic Processes in Steelmaking written by Luis Felipe Verdeja González and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the operations and industrial processes related to the production of steel. The chapters cover the second part of the iron and steelmaking process, called steelmaking, presenting the stages of the process until obtaining the finished steel product in different formats for distinct applications. This book reports significant operating variables of the processes and basic operations of the steelmaking. The chapters contain numerous solved exercises conceptually supported on the thermodynamic and kinetic fundamentals of the production of steel from the pig iron in the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) and the production of steel and ferroalloys in Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF). The thermal and mechanic fundamentals of the hot rolling operations and the mechanical fundamentals of the cold rolling, forming, and wire drawing to obtain different steel products are also reported. The book summarizes the strengths and uncertainties of steel as a structural material.

Download or read book Making Steel written by Mark Reutter and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making Steel chronicles the rise and fall of American steel by focusing on the fateful decisions made at the world's once largest steel mill at Sparrows Point, Maryland. Mark Reutter examines the business, production, and daily lives of workers as corporate leaders became more interested in their own security and enrichment than in employees, community, or innovative technology. This edition features 26 pages of photos, an author's preface, and a new chapter on the devastating effects of Bethlehem Steel's bankruptcy titled "The Discarded American Worker."

Download or read book Introduction to Refractories for Iron and Steelmaking written by Subir Biswas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book promotes understanding of the raw material selection, refractory design, tailor-made refractory developments, refractory properties, and methods of application. It provides a complete analysis of modern iron and steel refractories. It describes the daily demands on modern refractories and describes how these needs can be addressed or improved upon to help achieve the cleanest and largest yields of iron and steel. The text contains end-of-chapter summaries to help reinforce difficult concepts. It also includes problems at the end of chapters to confirm the reader's understanding of topics such as hoop stress modeling in steel ladle and vessels, establishment of thermal gradient modeling , refractory corrosion dynamics, calculation of Blast furnace trough dimension based on thermal modeling, to name a few. Led by editors with backgrounds in both academia and industry, this book can be used in college courses, as a reference for industry professionals, and as an introduction to the technology for those making the transition to industry. Stands as a comprehensive introduction to the science and technology of modern steel and iron-making refractories that examines the processes, construction, and potential improvement of refractory performance and sustainability; Serves as a versatile resource appropriate for all levels, from the student to industry novices to professionals; Reinforces difficult-to-grasp concepts with end-of-chapter summaries; Maximizes reader understanding of key topics, such as refractory selection for steel ladle and vessels, and their corrosion dynamics, with real life problems.

Download or read book The Iron Blast Furnace written by J. G. Peacey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Iron Blast Furnace: Theory and Practice presents theoretical, experimental, and operational evidence about the iron blast furnace as well as a mathematical description of its operation. This book includes a set of equations that accurately describe stoichiometric and enthalpy balances for the process and which are consistent with observed temperatures and compositions in the furnace stack. These equations, which have been devised on the basis of the Rist approach, show the effects of altering any blast-furnace variable on the other operating requirements of the process. This monograph is comprised of 14 chapters and begins with a brief description of the blast-furnace process. The next chapter takes a look inside the furnace, paying particular attention to its behavior in front of the tuyères and the kinetics of the coke gasification reaction. The reader is then introduced to the thermodynamics and stoichiometry of the blast-furnace process; enthalpy balance for the bottom segment of the furnace; the effects of tuyères injectants on blast-furnace operations; and blast-furnace optimization by linear programming. A number of important variables covered by the equations are discussed, including hydrocarbon injection at the tuyères, oxygen enrichment of the blast, moisture, limestone decomposition, coke reactivity, and metalloid reduction. The effects of many of these variables are illustrated numerically in the text while others are demonstrated in sets of problems that follow each chapter. This text will be a valuable resource for metallurgists and materials scientists.

Download or read book Secondary Steelmaking written by Ahindra Ghosh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-13 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The steelmaking industry and its customers have benefited enormously from the many significant technological advances of the last thirty years. As their customers become ever more quality conscious, however, steelmakers must continue their efforts to minimize harmful impurities, minimize as well as modify harmful nonmetallic inclusions and achieve

Download or read book The Complete Technology Book on Steel and Steel Products Fasteners Seamless Tubes Casting Rolling of Flat Products others written by NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers and published by ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS PRESS Inc.. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iron and steel have played a leading role in the development of human civilization and their techniques. Together with its derivative, steel, iron has no real rival in its particular fields of application and has become a synonym of progress, being an essential element in mankind greatest technological achievements. It was at the origin of the industrial and scientific revolutions and at the heart of all the great discoveries which have marked the history of humanity from the manufacture of high quality swords in ancient times to today architectural wonders. Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten. Rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through a pair of rolls. Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. Steelmaking is the second step in producing steel from iron ore. Processing of steel results in special steel product with required properties, for example; vacuum treated steel for forging ingots; pre strengthened stress relieved elongated steel, metallurgical addition product, forging powder alloy steels, etc. Fasteners are used to join and hold two or more pieces of metal either temporarily or more pieces of metal either temporarily or permanently. Some of the most common are bolts, screws, nuts, rivets and pins. Packaging steels differ from other sheet products particularly in terms of their thickness, mechanical properties and coatings, together with their aptitude to satisfy specific industrial and marketing requirements related to high production rates, design factors etc. Small gage welded tubes have an extremely wide range of applications, including metallic roof frames, mechanical construction in public work and industrial engineering sector, agricultural machinery, fluid distribution circuits, piston, etc. India is among the top producers of all forms of steel in the world. Easy availability of low cost manpower and presence of abundant reserves make India competitive in the global setup. The steel industry in India has witnessed an increase in demand due to expanding oil and gas sector, huge spending on infrastructural facilities coupled with growth in housing, consumer durables and auto sectors. This book basically deals with structural changes in steel during hot rolling, structural changes during reheating, kinds of grain restoration process, dynamic restoration process, static restoration process, effect of initial grain, size of static re crystallization, effects of temperature and micro alloying, fundamental principles of the metal rolling process, preparing and heating the initial materials, preparations for rolling heating before rolling operations, bolt and nut manufacturing technology, casting of steel for flat products etc. The present book covers different important aspects of steel processing with the casting method of steel for flat products, rolling of rails, wheels and rings, rolling of different steel products, production of fasteners, welded pipes, steel products for the building trade and many more. The book is very useful for everybody who wants the thorough study on steel and steel products or wants to diversify in to this field. 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Download or read book The Making Shaping and Treating of Steel written by United States Steel Corporation and published by Association of Iron & Steel Engineers. This book was released on 1985 with total page 1634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Challenges and Prospects of Steelmaking Towards the Year 2050 written by Lauri Holappa and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world steel industry is strongly based on coal/coke in ironmaking, resulting in huge carbon dioxide emissions corresponding to approximately 7% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As the world is experiencing a period of imminent threat owing to climate change, the steel industry is also facing a tremendous challenge in next decades. This themed issue makes a survey on the current situation of steel production, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions, as well as cross-sections of the potential methods to decrease CO2 emissions in current processes via improved energy and materials efficiency, increasing recycling, utilizing alternative energy sources, and adopting CO2 capture and storage. The current state, problems and plans in the two biggest steel producing countries, China and India are introduced. Generally contemplating, incremental improvements in current processes play a key role in rapid mitigation of specific emissions, but finally they are insufficient when striving for carbon neutral production in the long run. Then hydrogen and electrification are the apparent solutions also to iron and steel production. The book gives a holistic overview of the current situation and challenges, and an inclusive compilation of the potential technologies and solutions for the global CO2 emissions problem.

Download or read book Blast Furnace Ironmaking written by Ian Cameron and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-10-22 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blast Furnace Ironmaking: Analysis, Control, and Optimization uses a fundamental first principles approach to prepare a blast furnace mass and energy balance in ExcelTM. Robust descriptions of the main equipment and systems, process technologies, and best practices used in a modern blast furnace plant are detailed. Optimization tools are provided to help the reader find the best blast furnace fuel mix and related costs, maximize output, or evaluate other operational strategies using the ExcelTM model that the reader will develop. The first principles blast furnace ExcelTM model allows for more comprehensive process assessments than the 'rules of thumb' currently used by the industry. This book is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate science and engineering students in the fields of chemical, mechanical, metallurgical and materials engineering. Additionally, steel company engineers, process technologists, and management will find this book useful with its fundamental approach, best practices description, and perspective on the future. Provides sample problems, answers and assignments for each chapter Explores how to optimize the blast furnace operation while maintaining required temperatures and gas flowrates Describes all major blast furnace equipment and best practices Features blast furnace operating data from five continents