Download or read book Irish Consonant Mutation and Phonological Theory written by Janet Grijzenhout and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Initial Consonant Mutation in Modern Irish written by Janine F. Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents an overview of the process of initial consonant mutation in Modern Irish. Initial consonant mutation is most simply described as a phonetic change in the initial consonant of a word triggered by a closed set of morphosyntactic environments. These triggers and environments are varied and difficult to generalize. Many attempts at classification have utilized current theories of phonology, morphology, and syntax to describe and explain the synchronic process, with the original motivation being a purely phonological environment that existed in earlier stages of the language. By examining the original mutation environments in comparison to the corresponding forms in Modern Irish, a possible motivation for synchronic mutation behavior is found. It is suggested that mutation in Modern Irish often serves to maintain various semantic contrasts where the phonological environment has disappeared. In examples where a clear contrast is not maintained, mutation may still provide important semantic clues in the constructions in which it appears. Current theories of cognitive linguistics are employed to attempt to motivate the consistency and predictability of the process in terms of template matching.

Download or read book A Diachronic and Theoretical Analysis of the Initial Celtic Consonant Mutations in Irish and Welsh written by Kamden Sue Summers and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Celtic languages are a linguistically puzzling subgrouping of the Indo-European language family due to the unique appearance of initial consonant mutations (CM). A brief overview of the history of Celtic languages, their sociolinguistic status, and the interlaced orthographical and phonological systems represented by Irish and Welsh is provided. The initial CM and their phonemic, phonetic, and orthographical representations along with their various environments reveal surprising alternations between these two languages despite a lack of appearance in a parent language. This difference is due to the distinct influences of British Latin on each language, Irish development of an original orthographic system, Ogham, and the level of reciprocity between the two languages during their early formation. Diachronic history of each CM is noted with an emphasis on Soft Mutation (SM) or lenition. The initial CM are also examined in a theoretical dimension as phonological, morphological and syntactic phenomena with current theories highlighted. A framework that would utilize all three subdisciplines of linguistics is examined with a possible application that would utilize a varied syntactic dimension emphasizing c-commanding rules in Welsh and strict adherence to mutation only in specified XP's followed in significance in both languages by morphophonological elements.

Download or read book Initial Mutation in Modern Irish and Its Implications for Phonological Theory written by Jane Roscoe MacBrearty and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Sound Structure of Modern Irish written by Raymond Hickey and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-02-17 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sound Structure of Modern Irish contains a comprehensive description of the phonology of Irish. Based on the main forms of the language, it offers an analysis of the segments and the processes in its sound system. Each section begins with a description of the area of phonology which is the subject - such as stress patterns, phonotactics, epenthesis or metathesis - and then proceeds to consider the special aspects of this subject from a theoretical and typological perspective. The book pays particular attention to key processes in the sound system of modern Irish. The two most important of these are palatalisation and initial mutation, phenomena which are central to Irish and the analysis of which has consequences for general phonological theory. The other main emphasis in the book is on a typological comparison of several different languages, all of which show palatalisation and/or initial mutation as part of their systems. The different forms of Celtic, Slavic languages, Romance dialects and languages along with languages such as Finnish, Fula, Nivkh and Southern Paiute are considered to find out how processes which are phonetic in origin (external sandhi) can become functionalised and integrated into the morphosyntactic system of a language.

Download or read book Mutation in Welsh written by Martin J. Ball and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-06-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Initial Consonant Mutation system of Welsh is unique to Indo-European languages and has been the subject of much theoretical research. The multi-faceted nature of the phenomenon demands multi-dimensional treatment and this uniquely comprehensive book provides an integrated overview of this important feature from a wide linguistic viewpoint. In Welsh, Initial Consonant Mutation has implications for historical and comparative analyses, phonetic description, phonological theory, syntactic theory, and the interfaces between phonetics and phonology, morphology and phonology, and phonology and syntax. It also requires examination from semantic, psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives. This study, therefore, brings together a variety of approaches to a wide range of levels of linguistic analysis, all concentrated on one unusual linguistic feature. A detailed review of past research, together with an exploration of recent theoretical advances in many areas, makes this an indispensable book for departments of Celtic Studies and all scholars of comparative linguistics.

Download or read book Particles and Projections in Irish Syntax written by N. Duffield and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-08-31 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of Modern Irish syntax in which the particular of Irish grammar are shown to inform more general theoretical issues, revealing both the scope of Universal Grammar and the limits on syntactic variation. One by one considers all the major structures of Irish and compares them with structures in Germanic, Romance, Semitic, and other language families. Focusing on the concept of functional projection, shows that appealing to the theoretical notions of functional head and of Head Movement, allows for a highly restrictive account of Irish word order. Also analyzes consonant mutation as a form of syntactic representations. Based primarily on Chomsky's early theories, but also draws on his later work and more recent researchers. Of interest to specialists in theoretical syntax and comparative grammar, and perhaps to dedicated scholars of Celtic languages and linguistics. Unlike many civil servant posts, does not require a knowledge of Irish. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book The Blackwell Companion to Phonology 5 Volume Set written by Marc van Oostendorp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-04 with total page 3183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online or as a five-volume print set, The Blackwell Companion to Phonology is a major reference work drawing together 124 new contributions from leading international scholars in the field. It will be indispensable to students and researchers in the field for years to come. Key Features: Full explorations of all the most important ideas and key developments in the field Documents major insights into human language gathered by phonologists in past decades; highlights interdisciplinary connections, such as the social and computational sciences; and examines statistical and experimental techniques Offers an overview of theoretical positions and ongoing debates within phonology at the beginning of the twenty-first century An extensive reference work based on the best and most recent scholarly research – ideal for advanced undergraduates through to faculty and researchers Publishing simultaneously in print and online; visit www.companiontophonology.com for full details Additional features of the online edition (ISBN: 978-1-4443-3526-2): Powerful searching, browsing, and cross-referencing capabilities, including Open URL linking, with all entries classified by key topic, subject, place, people, and period For those institutions already subscribing to Blackwell Reference Online, it offers fully integrated and searchable content with the comprehensive Handbooks in Linguistics series

Download or read book The Dialects of Irish written by Raymond Hickey and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers a comprehensive overview of forms of modern Irish within a general linguistic framework. Starting with information on the sociolinguistics of modern Irish and on the overall sound system of the language, it then proceeds with a tripartite division of the present-day language into northern, western and southern Irish. It gives specific information on the features of each dialect and considers many sub-divisions, using maps and tables to illustrate clearly what is the subject of discussion. There are several innovations in the book, such as a system of lexical sets which facilitate the description and analysis of variation and change in modern Irish. The data for the book stems from recordings of more than 200 speakers and all the statements made about the structure of Irish are based on native speakers' speech samples. These are supplied online with a software interface which allows users to quickly orient themselves among the varieties of Irish via clickable maps. A number of further issues are focused on in the book, such as the possibility of dialect reconstruction and the use of place-name evidence for determining the earlier distribution of Irish. Additional historical and background information is provided so that scholars and students without any previous knowledge of the language can readily grasp the themes and issues discussed.

Download or read book Complexity Scales and Licensing in Phonology written by Eugeniusz Cyran and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010-03-26 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to demonstrate that, in a representation-based model, the phonological organization of speech sounds within a word is reducible to the licensing properties of nuclei with respect to structurally defined complexities which pose varying demands on the licenser. It is assumed that the primitive licensing relation is that between a nucleus and its onset (O N). There are two main types of complexities concerning the onset position. Substantive complexity is an important aspect of phonological organisation at the melodic level, while the syllabic configurations in which the onset may be found are referred to under the heading of formal complexity. At the melodic level, complexity is defined in terms of the number of privative primes called elements. The asymmetries in the subsegmental representations of consonants and vowels are shown to play a pivotal role in understanding a number of phenomena, such as typological patterns, markedness effects, phonological processes, segmental inventories, and, what is most important, the model allows us to see a direct connection between phonological representations and processes. For example, the deletion of [g] in Welsh initial mutations is strictly related to the fact that the prime which crucially defines this object also happens to be the target of Soft Mutation. The complexity at the syllabic level is defined in terms of formal onset configurations called governing relations, of which some are easier to license than others. The formal complexity scale is not rerankable, and corresponds directly to the markedness of syllabic types. Since each formal configuration requires licensing from the following nucleus, syllable typology can be directly derived from the licensing strength of nuclei. The interaction between the higher prosodic organisation, for example, the level of the foot, and the syllabic level is also easily expressible in this model because higher prosody is built on nuclei. Therefore, prosody may tamper with the status of nuclei as licensers by deeming some of them as prosodically weaker than others, thus producing a non-rerankable scale of nuclear licensers (a " P). The inclusion of the empty nucleus as a possible licenser allows us to unify the scale of relatively marked contexts in segmental phenomena, and also to account for such problems as extrasyllabicity, complex clusters, super heavy rhymes, and other exceptional strings. The role of nuclei as licensers in unifying various levels of phonological representation from melody to word structure is unquestionable. There are other areas of phonological theory which can be expressed in this model. These include the role of nuclear strength scales in register switches, dialectal variation, historical development, language acquisition, and the interaction between phonology and morphology.

Download or read book Lenition and Fortition written by Joaquim Brandão de Carvalho and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-12-18 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are books on tone, coronals, the internal structure of segments, vowel harmony, and a couple of other topics in phonology. This book aims to fill the gap for Lenition and Fortition, which is one of the first phenomena that was addressed by phonologists in the 19th century, and ever since contributed to phonological thinking. It is certainly one of the core phenomena that is found in the phonology of natural language: together with assimilations, the other important family of phenomena, Lenition and Fortition constitute the heart of what phonology can do to sound. The book aims to provide an overall treatment of the question in its many aspects: historical, typological, synchronic, diachronic, empirical and theoretical. Various current approaches to phonology are represented. The book is structured into three parts: 1) properties and behaviour of Lenition/Fortition, 2) lenition patterns in particular languages and language families, 3) how Lenition/Fortition work. Part 1 describes the properties of lenition and fortition: what counts as such? What kind of behaviour is observed? Which factors bear on it (positional, stress-related)? Which role has it played in phonology since (and even before) the 19th century? The everything-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-lenition-and-fortition philosophy that guides the conception of the book supposes a descriptive, generalisation-oriented style of writing that relies on a kind of phonological lingua franca, rather than on theory-laden vocabulary. Also, no prior knowledge other than about general phonological categories should be required when reading through Part 1. The goal is to provide a broad picture of what lenition is, how it behaves, which factors it is conditioned by and what generalisations it obeys. This record may then be used as a yardstick for competing theories. Part 2 presents a number of case studies that show how Lenition/Fortition behave in a number of languages that include systems which are notoriously emblematic for Lenition/Fortition: Celtic, Western Romance, Germanic and Finnish. Finally, Part 3 is concerned with the analysis of the patterns that have been described in Parts 1 and 2. Given their analytic orientation, Part 3 chapters are theory-specific. They look at the same empirical record, or at a subset thereof, and try to explain what they see. Even though Part 3 chapters are couched in a specific theoretical environment that most of the time supposes prior conceptual knowledge, authors have been asked to assure theoretical interoperability as much as they could.

Download or read book The Morphology and Phonology of Exponence written by Jochen Trommer and published by Oxford University Press (UK). This book was released on 2012-09-27 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the common problems, questions, and solutions of exponence, which concern the mapping of morphosyntactic structure to phonological representations. Leading specialists formulate a coherent research programme for exponence, integrating the central insights of the last decades and providing challenges for the future.

Download or read book An Effort Based Approach to Consonant Lenition written by Robert Kirchner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first serious typological survey of the lenition process in modern phonological literature.

Download or read book The Phonology of Coronals written by T. Alan Hall and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the phonological behavior of coronal consonants, i.e. sounds produced with the tip or blade of the tongue. The analysis draws on data from over 120 languages and dialects. A definition of coronality is proposed that rejects the current view holding that palatals are positively marked for this feature. The feature [coronal] is assumed to be privative; the natural class of noncoronals is captured with the feature [peripheral], which dominates [labial] and [velar] in feature geometry. The book contains a detailed examination of the phonological patterning of segments belonging to each of the six coronal subplaces (i.e. interdental, dental, alveolar, retroflex, palatoalveolar, and alveolopalatal). A universal set of features is posited that accounts for these facts. Inventories of coronal consonants are treated in depth and impossible contrasts are accounted for with several if-then statements. The present study also contains a lengthy analysis of the phonology of rhotic consonants. A set of features is postulated which captures natural classes involving rhotics and nonrhotic consonants and which distinguishes the various stricture types among rhotics (i.e. trill vs. tap vs. approximant).

Download or read book Ancient Sound Changes and Old Irish Phonology written by Krzysztof Jaskuła and published by Wydawnictwo Kul. This book was released on 2006 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Complexity Scales and Licensing in Phonology written by Eugeniusz Cyran and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to demonstrate that, in a representation-based model, the phonological organization of speech sounds within a word is reducible to the licensing properties of nuclei with respect to structurally defined complexities which pose varying demands on the licenser. It is assumed that the primitive licensing relation is that between a nucleus and its onset (O N). There are two main types of complexities concerning the onset position. Substantive complexity is an important aspect of phonological organisation at the melodic level, while the syllabic configurations in which the onset may be found are referred to under the heading of formal complexity. At the melodic level, complexity is defined in terms of the number of privative primes called elements. The asymmetries in the subsegmental representations of consonants and vowels are shown to play a pivotal role in understanding a number of phenomena, such as typological patterns, markedness effects, phonological processes, segmental inventories, and, what is most important, the model allows us to see a direct connection between phonological representations and processes. For example, the deletion of g] in Welsh initial mutations is strictly related to the fact that the prime which crucially defines this object also happens to be the target of Soft Mutation. The complexity at the syllabic level is defined in terms of formal onset configurations called governing relations, of which some are easier to license than others. The formal complexity scale is not rerankable, and corresponds directly to the markedness of syllabic types. Since each formal configuration requires licensing from the following nucleus, syllable typology can be directly derived from the licensing strength of nuclei. The interaction between the higher prosodic organisation, for example, the level of the foot, and the syllabic level is also easily expressible in this model because higher prosody is built on nuclei. Therefore, prosody may tamper with the status of nuclei as licensers by deeming some of them as prosodically weaker than others, thus producing a non-rerankable scale of nuclear licensers (a " P). The inclusion of the empty nucleus as a possible licenser allows us to unify the scale of relatively marked contexts in segmental phenomena, and also to account for such problems as extrasyllabicity, complex clusters, super heavy rhymes, and other exceptional strings. The role of nuclei as licensers in unifying various levels of phonological representation from melody to word structure is unquestionable. There are other areas of phonological theory which can be expressed in this model. These include the role of nuclear strength scales in register switches, dialectal variation, historical development, language acquisition, and the interaction between phonology and morphology.

Download or read book Consonant Structure and Prevocalization written by Natalie Operstein and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface & acknowledgments -- Part I. The theory: 1. Consonant prevocalization -- 2. Intrasegmental consonant structure -- 3. Related processes -- Part II. The data: 4. Front prevowels -- 5. Other prevowels -- 6. Conclusions and outlook -- References -- Appendix I: Rosapelly's vocaloid -- Appendix II: Languages in the survey