Download or read book Physics of Ionized Gases written by Boris M. Smirnov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-20 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive textbook and reference for the study of the physics of ionized gases The intent of this book is to provide deep physical insight into the behavior of gases containing atoms and molecules from which one or more electrons have been ionized. The study of these so-called plasmas begins with an overview of plasmas as they are found in nature and created in the laboratory. This serves as a prelude to a comprehensive study of plasmas, beginning with low temperature and "ideal" plasmas and extending to radiation and particle transport phenomena, the response of plasmas to external fields, and an insightful treatment of plasma waves, plasma instabilities, nonlinear phenomena in plasmas, and the study of plasma interactions with surfaces. In all cases, the emphasis is on a clear and unified understanding of the basic physics that underlies all plasma phenomena. Thus, there are chapters on plasma behavior from the viewpoint of atomic and molecular physics, as well as on the macroscopic phenomena involved in physical kinetics of plasmas and the transport of radiation and of charged particles within plasmas. With this grounding in the fundamental physics of plasmas, the notoriously difficult subjects of nonlinear phenomena and of instabilities in plasmas are then treated with comprehensive clarity.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Ionized Gases written by Boris M. Smirnov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and readily accessible work for studying the physics of ionized gases, based on "Physics of Ionized Gases". The focus remains on fundamentals rather than on the details required for interesting but difficult applications, such as magnetic confinement fusion, or the phenomena that occur with extremely high-intensity short-pulse lasers. However, this new work benefits from much rearranging of the subject matter within each topic, resulting in a more coherent structure. There are also some significant additions, many of which relate to clusters, while other enlarged sections include plasmas in the atmosphere and their applications. In each case, the emphasis is on a clear and unified understanding of the basic physics that underlies all plasma phenomena. Thus, there are chapters on plasma behavior from the viewpoint of atomic and molecular physics, as well as on the macroscopic phenomena involved in physical kinetics of plasmas and the transport of radiation and of charged particles within plasmas. With this grounding in the fundamental physics of plasmas, the notoriously difficult subjects of nonlinear phenomena and of instabilities in plasmas can then be treated with comprehensive clarity. The work is rounded off with appendices containing information and data of great importance and relevance that are not easily found in other books. Valuable reading for graduate and PhD physics students, and a reference for researchers in low-temperature ionized gases-plasma processing, edge region fusion plasma physics, and atmospheric plasmas.

Download or read book Computational Methods in Chemistry written by Joachim Bargon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers collected in this volume were presented at an international symposium on Computational Methods in Chemistry. This symposium was sponsored by IBM Germany and was held September 17-19, 1979, in Bad Neuenahr, West Germany. According to Graham Richards [Nature 278, 507 (1979)] the "Third Age of Quantum Chemistry" has started-;-where the results of quantum chemical calculations have become so accurate and reliable that they can guide the experimentalists in their search for the unknown. The particular example highlighted by Richards was the suc cessful prediction and subsequent identification of the relative energies, transition probabilities and geometries of the lowest triplet states of acetylene. The theoretical predictions were based chiefly upon the work of three groups: Kammer [Chern. Phys. Lett. ~, 529 (1970)] had made qualitatively correct predictions; Demoulin [Chern. Phys. 11, 329 (1975)] had calculated the potential energy curves for the two lowest triplet states (3 and 3 ) of B A acetylene; and Wetmore and Schaefer III [J. Chern. Phys. ~~ 1648 (1978)] had determined the geometries of the cis (3B and ~A ) and the trans (3B and 3A ) isomers of these two sta~es. Inua 2 2 guided search, Wendt, Hunziker and Hippler [J. Chern. PHys. 70, 4044 (1979)] succeeded in finding the predicted near infrared absorption of the cis triplet acetylene (no corresponding absorp tion for the trans form was found, which is in agreement with theory), and the resolved structure of the spectrum confirmed the predicted geometries conclusively.

Download or read book Atomic Physics of Highly Ionized Atoms written by Richard Marrus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last decade has seen dramatic progress in the development of devices for producing mu1ticharged ions. Indeed it is now pos sible to produce any charge state of any ion right up through 92 fully-stripped uranium (U +). Equally dramatic progress has been achieved in the energy range of the available ions. As an example, fully-stripped neon ions have been produced in useable quantities with kinetic energies ranging from a few ev to more than 20 Gev. Interest in the atomic physics of multicharged ions has grown apace. In the fusion program, the spectra of these ions is an im portant diagnostic tool. Moreover the presence of mu1ticharged ions presents a serious energy loss mechanism in fusion devices. This fact has motivated a program to study the collision mech anisms involved. In another area, mu1ticharged ions are present in the solar corona and the interstellar medium and knowledge of their collision properties and spectra is essential to understand ing the astrophysics. Other possible applications are to x-ray lasers and heavy ion inertial fusion. On a more fundamental level, new possibilities for testing quantum electrodynamics with mu1ti charged ions have emerged.

Download or read book Physics of Highly Ionized Atoms written by Richard Marrus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progress in the physics of highly-ionized atoms since the last NATO sponsored ASI on this subject in 1982 has been enormous. New accelerator facilities capable of extending the range of highly-ionized ions to very high-Z have come on line or are about to be completed. We note particularly the GANIL accelerator in Caen, France, the Michigan State Superconducting Cyclotrons in East Lansing both of which are currently operating and the SIS Accelerator in Darmstadt, FRG which is scheduled to accelerate beam in late 1989. Progress i~ low-energy ion production has been equally dramatic. The Lawrence Livermore Lab EBIT device has produced neon-like gold and there has been continued improvement in ECR and EBIS sources. The scientific developments in this field have kept pace with the technical developments. New theoretical methods for evaluating relativistic and QED effects have made possible highly-precise calcula tions of energy levels in one-and two-electron ions at high-Z. The calculations are based on the MCDF method and the variational method and will be subject to rigorous experimental tests. On the experimental side, precision x-ray and UV measurements have probed the Lamb shift in the one and two electron ions up to Z=36 with increasing precision.

Download or read book Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.

Download or read book Electron Ionization written by Tilmann D. Märk and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rydberg States of Atoms and Molecules written by R. F. Stebbings and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1983-04-29 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the development of the tunable laser, experimental studies in Rydberg states of atoms and molecules grew at a remarkable rate. Fundamental questions were resolved, opening doors for more experimental activity and theoretical inquiry. In this comprehensive summary of knowledge of Rydberg states, which was originally published in 1983, Professors Stebbings and Dunning brought together a select collection of experimental and theoretical discussions. Composed of works by the acknowledged leaders in the field, this volume will be of value for anyone with an interest in molecular physics.

Download or read book Relativistic Effects in Interatomic Ionization Processes and Formation of Antimatter Ions in Interatomic Attachment Reactions written by Andreas Jacob and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electron Impact Ionization written by T.D. Märk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is perhaps surprising that a process which was one of the first to be studied on an atomic scale, and a process which first received attention over seven decades ago, continues to be the object of diverse and intense research efforts. Such is the case with the (seemingly) conceptually simple and familiar mechanism of electron impact ionization of atoms, molecules, and ions. Not only has the multi-body nature of the collision given ground to theoretical effort only grudgingly, but also the variety and subtlety of processes contributing to ionization have helped insure that progress has come only with commensurate work: no pain - no gain. Modern experimental methods have made it possible to effectively measure and explore threshold laws, differential cross sections, partial cross sections, inner-shell ionization, and the ionization of unstable species such as radicals and ions. In most instances the availability of experimental data has provided impetus and guidance for further theoretical progress.

Download or read book U S Geological Survey Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laser Applications in Physical Chemistry written by D.K. Evans and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction on applications of lasers in Chemistry. It describes laser as a tool for chemistry, the consideration involved in describing a laser beam and what happens to beam as it is propagated through a gas. The book is useful for graduates and advanced undergraduates.

Download or read book Progress in Atomic Spectroscopy written by W. Hanle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: H. J. BEYER AND H. KLEINPOPPEN During the preparation of Parts A and B of Progress in Atomic Spectros copy a few years ago, it soon became obvious that a comprehensive review and description of this field of modern atomic physics could not be achieved within the limitations of a two-volume book. While it was possible to include a large variety of spectroscopic methods, inevitably some fields had to be cut short or left out altogether. Other fields have developed so rapidly that they demand full cover in an additional volume. One of the major problems, already encountered during the prepar ation of the first volumes, was to keep track of new developments and approaches which result in spectroscopic data. We have to look far beyond the area of traditional atomic spectroscopy since methods of atomic and ion collision physics, nuclear physics, and even particle physics all make important contributions to our knowledge of the static and dynamical state of atoms and ions, and thereby greatly add to the continuing fascination of a field of research which has given us so much fundamental knowledge since the middle of the last century. In this volume, we have tried to strike a balance between contribu tions belonging to the more established fields of atomic structure and spectroscopy and those fields where atomic spectroscopy overlaps with other areas.

Download or read book Laser Enhanced Ionization Spectroscopy written by John C. Travis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-19 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-enhanced ionization (LEI) is a type of optical spectrometrythat employs photoexcitation to ionize atoms selectively. Over thepast two decades, this method--originally known as the optogalvaniceffect--has been the object of extensive worldwide research and thesubject of numerous papers and published articles. Until now,however, no single volume has presented this wealth of theory anddata in a cohesive and accessible form. Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectrometry fills this gap in theliterature. It synthesizes vast amounts of information previouslyavailable only through scattered research papers and covers everyaspect of the technology, from underlying principles and theory tomethodology and applications. This book examines the state of theart of LEI, compares it with other methods, and demonstrates howlaser-enhanced collisional ionization is especially well suited toanalytical atomic spectrometry. The contributors to this collaborative effort--from Russia,Australia, Europe, and the United States--clarify terminology,explain the inner workings of LEI, and offer derivations for bothidealized forms and realistic approximations. They also analyze thecapabilities and limitations of this technique as an analyticalmethod, including instrumentation, sources of noise, limits ofdetection, interferences, and applications. After concentrating largely on flame LEI as the most commonly usedmethod to derive LEI measurements, the discussion moves to thedevelopment of nonflame technologies for LEI. There is alsoextended coverage of the relationship between LEI and laser-inducedfluorescence, including an examination of the interplay oflaser-induced ionization and fluorescence techniques in differentatomic and molecular reservoirs. Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectrometry places understanding,usefulness, and practical applications ahead of detailedderivations. For practicing analytical chemists andspectroscopists, it offers a clear and uncluttered approach to acomplex subject, as well as a fresh perspective on a still-emergingtechnology. This book sums up the present understanding and state of the art oflaser-enhanced ionization (LEI)-a unique but underutilized tool foranalytical atomic spectrometry. LEI possesses the special abilityto ionize atoms selectively. The text focuses on the role of thistechnology in analytical chemistry, and covers both theory andapplications in one complete, self-contained volume. Carefully crafted by leading experts from around the globe, withcontributions under six key headings, Laser-Enhanced IonizationSpectrometry * Draws on hundreds of research papers to create a comprehensivereference for LEI * Describes in depth how ions are produced, and how a signal isgenerated and detected * Provides an extensive and up-to-date compilation of published LEIdetection limits * Emphasizes basic understanding and practical applications ratherthan detailed derivations * Discusses terms and definitions and clears up sources ofconfusion in the field * Offers up-to-date coverage of instrumentation and applications * Evaluates the usefulness of LEI as an analytical tool * Deals with questions of limits of detection, interference, andnoise * Devotes an entire segment to nonflame technologies for LEI * Extends the discussion to fluorescence techniques and how theycan be interrelated with LEI in various atomic and molecularreservoirs

Download or read book Ionization and Ion Transport written by David B. Go and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2018-05-03 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this text is to introduce engineering and science students to the basic underlying physics and chemistry concepts that form the foundation of plasma science and engineering. It is an accessible primer directed primarily at those students who, like the general public, simply do not understand exactly what a plasma or gas discharge is nor do they even necessarily have the fundamental background in statistical thermodynamics, gas dynamics, fluid dynamics, or solid state physics to effectively understand many plasma and gas discharge principles. At the conclusion of this text, the reader should understand what an ion is, how they move, the equations we use to describe these basic concepts, and how they link to the aforementioned topics of plasmas and gas discharges. This book is focused on specific concepts that are important to non-equilibrium, low temperature gas discharges. These discharges fi nd wide applicability today and are of significant interest to the scientifi c and engineering communities.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry written by Pedro Andreo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-24 with total page 1310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new, comprehensively updated edition of the acclaimed textbook by F.H. Attix (Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry) taking into account the substantial developments in dosimetry since its first edition. This monograph covers charged and uncharged particle interactions at a level consistent with the advanced use of the Monte Carlo method in dosimetry; radiation quantities, macroscopic behaviour and the characterization of radiation fields and beams are covered in detail. A number of chapters include addenda presenting derivations and discussions that offer new insight into established dosimetric principles and concepts. The theoretical aspects of dosimetry are given in the comprehensive chapter on cavity theory, followed by the description of primary measurement standards, ionization chambers, chemical dosimeters and solid state detectors. Chapters on applications include reference dosimetry for standard and small fields in radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures, dosimetry of unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources, and neutron beam dosimetry. The topics are presented in a logical, easy-to-follow sequence and the text is supplemented by numerous illustrative diagrams, tables and appendices. For senior undergraduate- or graduate-level students and professionals.

Download or read book Dissociation and Ionization of H2 by Electrons and Protons written by R. G. Alsmiller and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: