Download or read book Ion Propelled Aircraft written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2022-10-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is Ion Propelled Aircraft An aircraft that does not need combustion or moving components to create lift or propulsion in the air is known as an ion-propelled aircraft or an ionocraft. This kind of aircraft employs electrohydrodynamics, often known as EHD. The designs that are currently in use do not create enough thrust to support human flight or practical loads. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Ion-propelled aircraft Chapter 2: Ion thruster Chapter 3: Electrical phenomena Chapter 4: Thruster Chapter 5: Field-emission electric propulsion Chapter 6: Magnetohydrodynamic drive Chapter 7: Biefeld?Brown effect Chapter 8: Thomas Townsend Brown Chapter 9: Propellant Chapter 10: Corona discharge Chapter 11: Electrohydrodynamics Chapter 12: Gridded ion thruster Chapter 13: Ion wind Chapter 14: Electron avalanche Chapter 15: Electrogravitics Chapter 16: Plasma propulsion engine Chapter 17: EmDrive Chapter 18: Brush discharge Chapter 19: Wingless Electromagnetic Air Vehicle Chapter 20: Thrusters (spacecraft) Chapter 21: MIT EAD Airframe Version 2 (II) Answering the public top questions about ion propelled aircraft. (III) Real world examples for the usage of ion propelled aircraft in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of ion propelled aircraft' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of ion propelled aircraft.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion written by Dan M. Goebel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout most of the twentieth century, electric propulsion was considered the technology of the future. Now, the future has arrived. This important new book explains the fundamentals of electric propulsion for spacecraft and describes in detail the physics and characteristics of the two major electric thrusters in use today, ion and Hall thrusters. The authors provide an introduction to plasma physics in order to allow readers to understand the models and derivations used in determining electric thruster performance. They then go on to present detailed explanations of: Thruster principles Ion thruster plasma generators and accelerator grids Hollow cathodes Hall thrusters Ion and Hall thruster plumes Flight ion and Hall thrusters Based largely on research and development performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and complemented with scores of tables, figures, homework problems, and references, Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters is an indispensable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are preparing to enter the aerospace industry. It also serves as an equally valuable resource for professional engineers already at work in the field.
Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.
Download or read book Ion Propulsion written by George Raymond Brewer and published by Gordon & Breach Publishing Group. This book was released on 1970 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ion Propulsion for Spacecraft written by Lewis Research Center and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Aircraft written by Florian Ion Petrescu and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2012-02-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By this book the author propose a new pulse engine which works with beam or ionic (ionic beam) pulses. With a new ionic engine one builds a new aircraft (a new ship). The principal characteristic of this kind of engine is the high power (energy) which accelerates the beam at very high energy, in circular accelerators, in modern linear accelerators (LINAC), or in both. One can use accelerators similar with the static physics accelerators (synchrotron, synchrocyclotron or isochronous cyclotron). Ionic engine (ion thruster, which accelerates the positive ions through a potential difference) is about 10 times more effective than classic system based on combustion. We can still improve the efficiency of 10-50 times if one uses positive ions accelerated in a cyclotron mounted on the ship; the efficiency can easily grow for 1000 times if the positive ions will be accelerated in a high energy synchrotron, synchrocyclotron or isochronous cyclotron (1-100 GeV). Future (ionic) engine will have mandatory a circular particle accelerator (high or very high energy). Sure that the difficulties will arise from design, but they need to be resolved step by step. We can thus increase the speed and autonomy of the ship using a less quantity of fuel. It can use synchrotron radiation (synchrotron light, high intensity beams), like high intensity (X-ray or Gamma ray) radiation, as well. In this case will be a beam engine (not an ionic engine). A linear particle accelerator (also called a LINAC) is an electrical device for the acceleration of subatomic particles. This sort of particle accelerator has many applications. It used recently as to an injector into a higher energy synchrotron at a dedicated experimental particle physics laboratory. In this, the big classic synchrotron is reduced to a ring surface (magnetic core). The design of a LINAC depends on the type of particle that is being accelerated: electron, proton or ion. It proposes using a powerful LINAC at the exit of synchrotron (especially when one accelerates electrons) to not lose energy by photons premature emission. One can use a LINAC in the entry in the Synchrotron and one at out. To use a small entrance LINAC, between him and synchrotron, one put an additional speed circuit in a stadium form. The end LINAC can be reduced if one put more end LINACs. Speaking about a new ionic engine means to speak about a new aircraft. This book (shortly) presents the actual ionic engines (called ion thrusters) and the new ionic (pulse) engines proposed by the authors. This new aircraft will can accelerate directly, without an additional combustion engine and without gravity assists from other planets. The compact engine, tightly closed, does not need air (oxygen). The ship passes through clouds of dust without any problems. The passage from the air into the water and vice versa can be peaceful or even accelerated, without any problems. Increasing more the energy (and also the impulse) can reach the necessary forces and acceleration (the growth will need to be very high, 100 PeV-1000 PeV). Particles energy increased can be made with accelerators circular and or modern linear. Particles energy increased will be huge and in addition will need to grow and the flow of accelerated particles (and the tor diameter; if one increases enough the flow, the necessary energy increased, will be less, 10 GeV-10 TeV). We can increase the number of particles per pulse, the number of pulses per second, and the particle energy. Immediate consequence of increasing particle energy will be the increasing of speeds and autonomy of the ship. Now we can achieve huge speeds in a very short time. The ship will pass through any atmosphere (including water) with great ease. The ship can take off or land directly. Initially one can use to ships the old forms (the old design) which adapts and the accelerator(s).
Download or read book Advances in Electroaerodynamic Thrusters for Aircraft Propulsion written by Nicolás Gómez Vega and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An electroaerodynamic (EAD) thruster is a propulsion system for small aircraft that is mechanically simple, has no moving parts, and is nearly silent. EAD thrusters produce ions from atmospheric air and accelerate the ions across two electrodes separated by an air gap: collisions of ions with neutral molecules result in momentum transfer to the neutral air, generating an ionic wind and a thrust force. EAD has been demonstrated to be a feasible form of propulsion for airships and, recently, for airplanes. A major challenge that has to be overcome is that EAD thrusters have a low thrust density (thrust per unit volume or frontal area) compared to conventional propulsion systems, such as propellers. This thesis focuses on thruster physics and explores different techniques to improve the thrust density and/or efficiency of EAD thrusters. Four studies are conducted to achieve these goals. The first one is a study of "decoupled" EAD thrusters with a dielectric barrier discharge ion source, in which the ionization and ion acceleration processes are separated. This is different from alternative EAD architectures using corona discharges, in which these processes cannot be independently controlled. By using benchtop and thrust-measurement tests, it is found that the current and thrust produced by these decoupled devices scales with the DC voltage and gap distance in the same manner as the ideal space-charge limited current in a thin ion slab. Similarly, the results show that current is mostly affected by the power draw of the ion source instead of by the ion source parameters independently. The second study involves reverse emission, a critical non-ideal effect that increases power consumption and lowers the sparking voltage without contributing to thrust. This work shows that reverse emission is caused by a gas discharge in the ion-collecting electrode, primarily at its two ends. Several techniques to mitigate this discharge are identified; all of these consist of modifying the electrode geometry to weaken the electric field at the tips. If reverse emission is mitigated, it is possible to achieve substantial improvements in power consumption, maximum thrust, and noise signature. The third study is a theoretical investigation of multistaged ducted (MSD) thrusters containing several serially-stacked EAD stages enclosed in a duct. The duct also includes an inlet and a nozzle and is hypothesized to provide a thrust component similar to that in ducted fans. Combining momentum theory with relevant models for the EAD stage performance, it is shown that MSD thrusters have the potential to provide order-of-magnitude improvements in thrust density and thrust-to-power ratio with respect to single-stage devices. The fourth study involves an implementation of multistaged EAD thrusters to both establish their performance and validate the predictions from theory. Single-stage experiments suggest that stages with small gap distances are advantageous as they provide a high force on the fluid per unit volume. By stacking multiple stages in series, it is found that the thrust density can be significantly increased as compared to single-stage thrusters: 10 stages provide a factor of 5.6 increase in thrust at the maximum voltage tested. However, these improvements occur with diminishing returns due to increasing pressure losses as more stages are added. The theoretical models are found to be consistent with the experimental data, being able to capture the effects of all the physical parameters tested. The work in this thesis provides a pathway for developing EAD thrusters that could deliver a high thrust density at a practical thrust-to-power ratio, potentially enabling EAD-propelled aircraft to perform useful missions.
Download or read book Physico mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects written by Francis Hauksbee and published by . This book was released on 1709 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Aviation History written by Relly Victoria Petrescu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to Aulus Gellius, Archytas, the Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, statesman, and strategist, was reputed to have designed and built, around 400 BC, the first artificial, self-propelled flying device, a bird-shaped model propelled by a jet of what was probably steam, said to have actually flown some 200 metres. This machine, which its inventor called The Pigeon, may have been suspended on a wire or pivot for its flight. The 9th century Muslim Berber inventor, Abbas Ibn Firnas's glider is considered by John Harding to be the first attempt at heavier-than-air flight in aviation history. In 1010 AD an English monk, Eilmer of Malmesbury purportedly piloted a primitive gliding craft from the tower of Malmesbury Abbey. Eilmer was said to have flown over 200 yards (180 m) before landing, breaking both his legs. He later remarked that the only reason he did not fly further was because he forgot to give it a tail, and he was about to add one when his concerned Abbot forbade him any further experiments. Bartolomeu de Gusmão, Brazil and Portugal, an experimenter with early airship designs. In 1709 demonstrated a small airship model before the Portuguese court, but never succeeded with a full-scale model. Pilâtre de Rozier, Paris, France, first trip by a human in a free-flying balloon (the Montgolfière), built by Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, . 9 km covered in 25 minutes on October 15, 1783. (see Le Globe below for first unmanned flight, 2 months earlier) Professor Jacques Charles and Les Frères Robert, two French brothers, Anne-Jean and Nicolas-Louis, variously shared three milestones of pioneering flight: Le Globe, the first unmanned hydrogen gas balloon flew on 26 August 1783. On 1 December 1783 La Charlière piloted by Jacques Charles and Nicolas-Louis Robert made the first manned hydrogen balloon flight. In 1951, the Lockheed XFV-1 and the Convair XFY tailsitters were both designed around the Allison YT40 turboprop engine drivin
Download or read book The Power for Flight written by Jeremy R. Kinney and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2018-02-15 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NACA and aircraft propulsion, 1915-1958 -- NASA gets to work, 1958-1975 -- The shift toward commercial aviation, 1966-1975 -- The quest for propulsive efficiency, 1976-1989 -- Propulsion control enters the computer era, 1976-1998 -- Transiting to a new century, 1990-2008 -- Toward the future
Download or read book Popular Mechanics written by and published by . This book was released on 1964-08 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Mechanics inspires, instructs and influences readers to help them master the modern world. Whether it’s practical DIY home-improvement tips, gadgets and digital technology, information on the newest cars or the latest breakthroughs in science -- PM is the ultimate guide to our high-tech lifestyle.
Download or read book Electric Flight Technology written by Ravi Rajamani and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2018-05-28 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environmental impact of hydrocarbon-burning aircraft is one of the main motivations for the move to electric propulsion in aerospace. Also, cars, buses, and trucks are incorporating electric or hybrid-electric propulsion systems, reducing the pressure on hydrocarbons and lowering the costs of electrical components. The economies of scale necessitated by the automotive industry will help contain costs in the aviation sector as well. The use of electric propulsion in airplanes is not a new phenomenon. However, it is only recently that it has taken off in a concrete manner with a viable commercial future. The Electric Flight Technology: Unfolding of a New Future reviews the history of this field, discusses the key underlying technologies, and describes how the future for these technologies will likely unfold, distinguishing between all-electric (AE) and hybrid-electric (HE) architectures. Written by Dr. Ravi Rajamani, it covers the essential information needed to understand this new technology wave taking hold in the aerospace industry. The Electric Flight Technology: Unfolding of a New Future covers fundamental topics such as: • The history of electric propulsion, including its evolution from using traditional electricity, to solar power to batteries as sources to sustain propulsion and flight. • The various architectures being considered for electric aircraft, specifically small general aviation (GA) aircraft and larger business jets; single-aisle commercial aircraft; and larger twin-aisle commercial aircraft. • The various systems and subsystems of an electric aircraft, along with how various subsystems in the vehicle can be integrated in a more optimal manner. In the future, the existing tube-and-wing configuration will not be the only available architecture; instead we will be more likely to find an architecture where the propulsion system is embedded within the airframe. • The future trends in this arena and what we can expect to see in the next decade or so.
Download or read book Proceedings of the First International Conference on Aeronautical Sciences Engineering and Technology written by Abid Ali Khan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-26 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains forty-one revised and extended research articles, written by prominent researchers participating in the International Conference on Aeronautical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 2023, held in Muscat, October 3-5 2023. It focuses on the latest research developments in aeronautical applications, avionics systems, advanced aerodynamics, atmospheric chemistry, emerging technologies, safety management, unmanned aerial vehicles, and industrial applications. This book offers the state of the art of notable advances in engineering technologies and aviation applications and serves as an excellent source of reference for researchers and graduate students.
Download or read book Ion Propulsion for Space Flight written by Ernst Stuhlinger and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Aircraft and Rocket Propulsion written by Ahmed F. El-Sayed and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 1025 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive basics-to-advanced course in an aero-thermal science vital to the design of engines for either type of craft. The text classifies engines powering aircraft and single/multi-stage rockets, and derives performance parameters for both from basic aerodynamics and thermodynamics laws. Each type of engine is analyzed for optimum performance goals, and mission-appropriate engines selection is explained. Fundamentals of Aircraft and Rocket Propulsion provides information about and analyses of: thermodynamic cycles of shaft engines (piston, turboprop, turboshaft and propfan); jet engines (pulsejet, pulse detonation engine, ramjet, scramjet, turbojet and turbofan); chemical and non-chemical rocket engines; conceptual design of modular rocket engines (combustor, nozzle and turbopumps); and conceptual design of different modules of aero-engines in their design and off-design state. Aimed at graduate and final-year undergraduate students, this textbook provides a thorough grounding in the history and classification of both aircraft and rocket engines, important design features of all the engines detailed, and particular consideration of special aircraft such as unmanned aerial and short/vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. End-of-chapter exercises make this a valuable student resource, and the provision of a downloadable solutions manual will be of further benefit for course instructors.
Download or read book List of References on Atomic Photon and Ion Propulsion of Aircraft the Shielding of Aircraft Nuclear Reactors the Medical Hazards If Atomic powered Aircraft and the Effect of Atomic Radiation on Aircraft Materials and Components written by A. T. E. Bray and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Electric Propulsion written by Jean L Broge and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aviation propulsion development continues to rely upon fossil fuels for the vast majority of commercial and military applications. Until these fuels are depleted or abandoned, burning them will continue to jeopardize air quality and provoke increased regulation. With those challenges in mind, research and development of more efficient and electric propulsion systems will expand. Fuel-cell technology is but one example that addresses such emission and resource challenges, and others, including negligible acoustic emissions and the potential to leverage current infrastructure models. For now, these technologies are consigned to smaller aircraft applications, but are expected to mature toward use in larger aircraft. Additionally, measures such as electric/conventional hybrid configurations will ultimately increase efficiencies and knowledge of electric systems while minimizing industrial costs. Requirements for greater flight time, stealth characteristics, and thrust-to-power ratios adds urgency to the development of efficient propulsion methods for applications such as UAVs, which looks to technologies such as asymmetrical capacitors to enhance electric propulsion efficiency. This book will take the reader through various technologies that will enable a more-electric aircraft future, as well as design methods and certification requirements of more-electric engines.
