Download or read book Ion Polishing of Optical Surfaces written by R. A. Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, various combinations of ion polishing and vaccum annealing were used in an attempt to reduce the optical absorptance and to smooth the surfaces of polycrystalline metal mirrors for high power lasers. The samples included micromachined copper and conventionally polished copper and molybdenum mirrors. It was found that ion polishing and vacuum annealing resulted in a large decrease 40 to 50%, in the absorptance at 10.6 micrometers for conventionally polished copper samples and a small decrease, 5 to 10%, in the absorptance of micromachined copper and conventionally polished molybdenum mirrors. After ion polishing and annealing, the absorptance of the conventionally polished copper mirrors was as low as that of the micromachined mirrors. Ion polishing proved beneficial in removing surface defects, such as machining marks, scratches, and embedded polishing grit, and oxide layers; however, for large amounts of material removed, differential sputtering of the various crystallites led to grain boundary delineation and surface roughening. Thus, there exists an optimum amount of material to be removed by ion polishing which results in both maximum removal of surface defects and minimum roughening of the surface. The optimum amounts were found to be: 2500 to 5000 A for micromachined copper, 5000 to 7000 A for conventionally polished copper, and less than 1500 A for molybdenum. Vacuum annealing of copper mirrors at 325 C for 1-1/4 hours yielded a decrease in absorptance after ion polishing but at the expense of grain boundary enhancement; however, vacuum annealing of molybdenum at 800 C for 1 hour resulted in a decrease in absorptance with no evidence of surface roughening.
Download or read book Ion Beam Optical Polishing System Computer Programs written by James D. Lester and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A low energy ion beam accelerator system has been developed for fabrication of precision optical elements. This system forms optical surfaces by means of computer controlled sputtering and optical reticles by means of computer controlled implantation. The source language computer programs used to drive the accelerator are listed and described. (Author).
Download or read book Ion Beam Superpolishing of Metal Mirrors for High Energy Lasers written by J. D. Lester and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new process has been developed which employs a low energy ion beam to superpolish metal surfaces. The process is applicable in principle to all metals. This technique overcomes the tendency of metal surfaces to develop etch patterns and other surface irregularities during ion beam bombardment. The process produces superpolished optical surfaces significantly superior to those formed by conventional optical polishing or metallurgical techniques. Because ions of inert gases are employed for the superpolishing process the resultant surface is uncontaminated in contrast to conventional optical, chemical or metallurgical methods which result in diffusion of abrasion contamination or bronzed surfaces. In addition, this process may be employed for final figuring of optical surfaces. (Author).
Download or read book The Science of Ceramic Machining and Surface Finishing written by Samuel J. Schneider and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Papers on Computer controlled Optical Surfacing written by Robert A. Jones and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1991 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ion Beam Milling of Fused Silica for Window Fabrication written by Wilson, SR. and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion beam figuring has been demonstrated to be a deterministic, efficient, flexible technique for removing material from optical surfaces. Recent interest in using this process to produce high quality optical components has driven the need to fully characterize the resulting surfaces. We have performed a polishing parameter matrix investigation to optimize fused silica (Corning 7957) surfaces for subsequent ion milling. Samples were characterized for surface scatter, surface absorption, surface roughness, subsurface damage, and laser damage as a function of mill depth. Small defects (pits) were evident on surfaces after milling a few microns, with pit density dependent to some degree upon the surface preparation technique. The defects were often in lines, apparently following a surface or subsurface scratch in the material. Surface scatter decreased significantly (up to 10X), and laser damage threshold increased in some cases by 400%. Laser damage was not correlated with defects in the material.
Download or read book NBS Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The science of ceramic machining and surface finishing II written by B. J. Hockey and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laser induced Damage in Optical Materials 1990 written by Harold Earl Bennett and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1991 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of meeting -- Materials and measurements -- Surfaces and mirrors -- Thin films -- Fundamental mechanisms -- Presented by title only (papers not presented at conference).
Download or read book Materials Science and Technology of Optical Fabrication written by Tayyab I. Suratwala and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the fundamental science of grinding and polishing by examining the chemical and mechanical interactions over many scale lengths Manufacturing next generation optics has been, and will continue to be, enablers for enhancing the performance of advanced laser, imaging, and spectroscopy systems. This book reexamines the age-old field of optical fabrication from a materials-science perspective, specifically the multiple, complex interactions between the workpiece (optic), slurry, and lap. It also describes novel characterization and fabrication techniques to improve and better understand the optical fabrication process, ultimately leading to higher quality optics with higher yield. Materials Science and Technology of Optical Fabrication is divided into two major parts. The first part describes the phenomena and corresponding process parameters affecting both the grinding and polishing processes during optical fabrication. It then relates them to the critical resulting properties of the optic (surface quality, surface figure, surface roughness, and material removal rate). The second part of the book covers a number of related topics including: developed forensic tools used to increase yield of optics with respect to surface quality (scratch/dig) and fracture loss; novel characterization and fabrication techniques used to understand/quantify the fundamental phenomena described in the first part of the book; novel and recent optical fabrication processes and their connection with the fundamental interactions; and finally, special techniques utilized to fabricate optics with high damage resistance. Focuses on the fundamentals of grinding and polishing, from a materials science viewpoint, by studying the chemical and mechanical interactions/phenomena over many scale lengths between the workpiece, slurry, and lap Explains how these phenomena affect the major characteristics of the optic workpiece—namely surface figure, surface quality, surface roughness, and material removal rate Describes methods to improve the major characteristics of the workpiece as well as improve process yield, such as through fractography and scratch forensics Covers novel characterization and fabrication techniques used to understand and quantify the fundamental phenomena of various aspects of the workpiece or fabrication process Details novel and recent optical fabrication processes and their connection with the fundamental interactions Materials Science and Technology of Optical Fabrication is an excellent guidebook for process engineers, fabrication engineers, manufacturing engineers, optical scientists, and opticians in the optical fabrication industry. It will also be helpful for students studying material science and applied optics/photonics.
Download or read book Optical Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publishes papers reporting on research and development in optical science and engineering and the practical applications of known optical science, engineering, and technology.
Download or read book Advanced Techniques for Improving Laser Optical Surfaces written by Charles B. Willingham and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The program is a study of surface-finishing techniques considered to be capable of improving the surface quality of laser optical materials. Chemical and chemical-mechanical polishing, ion-beam polishing, bowl-feed and continuously recycled abrasive 'superpolishing' techniques will be developed for single-crystal and polycrystalline potassium chloride and calcium fluoride, and polycrystalline zinc selenide. A new class of abrasives which are transparent to infrared laser radiation will be studied. (Modified author abstract).
Download or read book Independent Variables for Optical Surfacing Systems written by Haobo Cheng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Independent Variables for Optical Surfacing Systems discusses the characterization and application of independent variables of optical surfacing systems and introduces the basic principles of surfacing technologies and common surfacing systems. All the pivotal variables influencing surface quality are analyzed; evaluation methods for surface quality, the removal capability of tool influence functions, and a series of novel optical surfacing systems are introduced. The book also particularly focuses on the multi-path mode and dwell time used for deterministic surfacing. Researchers and graduate students working in optical engineering will benefit from this book; optical engineers in the industry will also find it a valuable reference work. Haobo Cheng is a professor at Beijing Institute of Technology.
Download or read book Precision Machining of Optics written by Theodore T. Saito and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Publications written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Publications of the National Bureau of Standards 1972 Catalog written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
