Download or read book Ion Beam Deposited Oxide Coatings written by CK. Carniglia and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single-layer coatings of SiO2, Al2O3 and ZrO2 were deposited by ion beam deposition (IBD). IBD is carried out by directing an ion source at a target made of the desired coating material. The material sputtered from the target is directed toward the substrate being coated. The targets chosen for this work were commercially available hot-pressed oxides. To further modify the coating properties, a secondary ion gun was directed toward the substrate to assist the deposition. Thus, ion assisted deposition (IAD) can be combined with IBD. The following coating deposition parameters were varied: composition of the sputter deposition gas mixture, composition of the ion assist gas mixture, and beam voltage and beam current for the ion assist beam. No external heat was applied to the substrates.

Download or read book Ion Beam Processing of Materials and Deposition Processes of Protective Coatings written by P.L.F. Hemment and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing the proceedings of three symposia in the E-MRS series this book is divided into two parts. Part one is concerned with ion beam processing, a particularly powerful and versatile technology which can be used both to synthesise and modify materials, including metals, semiconductors, ceramics and dielectrics, with great precision and excellent control. Furthermore it also deals with the correlated effects in atomic and cluster ion bombardment and implantation. Part two deals with the deposition techniques, characterization and applications of advanced ceramic, metallic and polymeric coatings or thin films for surface protection against corrosion, erosion, abrasion, diffusion and for lubrication of contracting surfaces in relative motion.

Download or read book Ion Beam Deposited Metal Oxide and Fluoride Composite Coatings for High Temperature Tribological Applications written by Larry Fehrenbacher and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wide temperature, solid lubricant films offer payoffs for military turbomachinery components: rub seals, face seals, fretting interfaces and bearings. Multilayer films of B4C/Mo, B4C/Cr, Zn/W, Ni/Ti, Au/Cr, W/MoS and AlCuFeCr films were deposited by planar magnetron sputtering or ion bombardment assisted deposition (IBAD), and evaluated for adhesion, friction and wear properties from room temperature to as high as 1100 deg F. Oxidized Zn/W and W/MoS2 films exhibited low friction coefficients at room temperature. However, only AlFeCuCr quasicrystalline films consistently produced low friction coefficients at high temperature, suggesting that these films warrant further investigation. High friction coefficients obtained with IBAD Ni-Ti films at 1100 deg F were especially puzzling given previous Southwest Research Institute results that showed low friction values at high temperature.

Download or read book Ion beam Sputter Deposition of Oxide Optical Coatings written by B. Paul Gilstrap and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oxygen Threshold for Ion Bean Sputter Deposited Oxide Coatings written by H. Demiryont and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactive ion-beam sputter deposition, using a mixed argon-oxygen beam, has been demonstrated to be an effective technique for fabrication of dense, amorphous TiO2, Ta2O5, and SiO2 coatings. For both elemental and oxide targets there is a critical level of oxygen in the beam necessary to produce stoichiometric films. This threshold is seen in the films' composition, refractive index, and optical band gap. With elemental targets there is a major reduction in deposition rate at the oxygen threshold, strongly implying that an oxide layer is formed on the target, and is subsequently sputtered onto the substrate.

Download or read book Comparison of the Optical Properties of Some High Index Oxide Films Prepared by Ion Beam Sputter Deposition with Those of Electron Beam Evaporated Films written by CK. Carniglia and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A typical thin film of a high-index oxide coating material deposited by electron-beam (E-beam) evaporation has a refractive index lower than the bulk value for the material. This indicates that the film is porous, having a density less than the bulk density. In addition, such films are often inhomogeneous, having a higher refractive index near the substrate surface. Thin films of the same materials deposited by ion beam sputter deposition (IBD) techniques tend to have higher and more uniform refractive indices, indicating that IBD films are denser and more homogeneous. We have measured the index of refraction n, the extinction coefficient k and the degree of inhomogeneity of several high-index oxide materials deposited by IBD and by standard E-beam evaporation. The materials investigated were the oxides of zirconium, tantalum, hafnium, niobium and aluminum. In all cases, the IBD films were found to have higher refractive indices than their evaporated counterparts. The IBD films, in general, exhibited an inhomogeneity which was the reverse of the inhomogeneity found in the E-beam films. This indicates a difference in the nucleation and growth of the films. Tantala films show an absorption band in the visible spectral region resulting from electron trapping sites. Thus, this material is probably not suitable for coatings for visible and UV laser systems.

Download or read book Engineering Thin Films and Nanostructures with Ion Beams written by Emile Knystautas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While ion-beam techniques have been used to create thin films in the semiconductor industry for several decades, these methods have been too costly for other surface treatment applications. However, as manufacturing devices become increasingly smaller, the use of a directed-energy ion beam is finding novel industrial applications that require the custom tailoring of new materials and devices, including magnetic storage devices, photonics, opto-electronics, and molecular transport. Engineering Thin Films and Nanostructures with Ion Beams offers a thorough narrative of the recent advances that make this technology relevant to current and future applications. Featuring internationally recognized researchers, the book compiles their expertise in a multidimensional source that: Highlights the mechanisms and visual evidence of the effects of single-ion impacts on metallic surfaces Considers how ion-beam techniques can help achieve higher disk-drive densities Introduces gas-cluster ion-beam technology and reviews its precedents Explains how ion beams are used to aggregate metals and semiconductors into nanoclusters with nonlinear optical properties Addresses current challenges in building equipment needed to produce nanostructures in an industrial setting Examines the combination of ion-beam techniques, particularly with physical vapor deposition Delineates the fabrication of nanopillars, nanoflowers, and interconnected nanochannels in three dimensions by using atomic shadowing techniques Illustrates the production of nanopores of varying dimensions in polymer films, alloys, and superconductors using ion-beam irradiation Shows how fingerprints can be made more reliable as forensic evidence by recoil-mixing them into the substrate using ion beams From the basics of the ion-beam modification of materials to state-of-the-art applications, Engineering Th

Download or read book Coating Technology Ion Beam Deposition written by Li︠u︡dvikas Prani︠a︡vichi︠u︡s and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physical vapor deposition and thermal stability of hard oxide coatings written by Ludvig Landälv and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The state-of-the-art tools for machining metals are primarily based on a metal-ceramic composite (WC-Co) coated with different combinations of carbide, nitride, and oxide coatings. Combinations of these coating materials are optimized to withstand specific wear conditions. Oxide coatings, mainly α-Al2O3, are especially desired because of their high hot-hardness, chemical inertness with respect to the workpiece, and their low friction. The search for possible alloy elements, which may facilitate the deposition of such oxides by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques, has been the goal of this thesis. The sought alloy should form thermodynamically stable or metastable compounds, compatible with the temperature of use in metal cutting application. This thesis deals with process development and coating characterization of such new oxide alloy thin films, focusing on the Al-V-O, Al-Cr-Si-O, and Cr-Zr-O systems. Alloying aluminum oxide with iso-valent vanadium is a candidate for forming the desired alloys. Therefore, coatings of (Al1-xVx)2O3, with x ranging from 0 to 1, were deposited with reactive sputter deposition. X-ray diffraction showed three different crystal structures depending on V-metal fraction in the coating: α-V2O3 rhombohedral structure for 100 at.% V, a defect spinel structure for the intermediate region, (63 - 42 at.% V), and a gamma-alumina-like solid solution at lower V-content, (18 and 7 at.%), were observed, the later was shifted to larger d-spacing compared to the pure γ-Al2O3 sample obtained if deposited with only Al-target. Annealing the Al-rich coatings in air resulted in formation of V2O5 crystals on the surface of the coating after annealing to 500 °C for 42 at.% V and 700 °C for 18 at.% V metal fraction respectively. The highest thermal stability was shown for pure γ-Al2O3-coating which transformed to α-Al2O3 after annealing to 1100° C. Highest hardness was observed for the Al-rich oxides, ~24 GPa. The hardness then decreases with increasing V-content, larger than 7 at.% V metal fraction. Doping the Al2O3 coating with 7 at.% V resulted in a significant surface smoothening compared to the binary oxide. The measured hardness after annealing in air decreased in conjunction with the onset of further oxidation of the coatings. This work increases the understanding of this complicated material system with respect to possible phases formed with pulsed DC magnetron sputtering deposition as well as their response to annealing in air. The inherent difficulties of depositing insulating oxide films with PVD, requiring a closed electrical circuit, makes the investigation of process stability an important part of this research. In this context, I investigated the influence of adding small amount of Si in Al-Cr cathode on the coating properties in a pulsed DC industrial cathodic arc system and the plasma characteristics, process parameters, and coating properties in a lab DC cathodic arc system. Si was chosen here due to a previous study showing improved erosion behavior of Al-Cr-Si over pure Al-Cr cathode without Si incorporation in the coating. The effect of Si in the Al-Cr cathode in the industrial cathodic arc system showed slight improvements on the cathode erosion but Si was found in all coatings where Si was added in the cathode. The Si addition promoted the formation of the B1-like metastable cubic oxide phase and the incorporation led to reduced or equal hardness values compared to the corresponding Si-free processes. The DC-arc plasma study on the same material system showed only small improvements in the cathode erosion and process stability (lower pressure and cathode voltage) when introducing 5 at.% Si in the Al70Cr30-cathode. The presence of volatile SiO species could be confirmed through plasma analysis, but the loss of Si through these species was negligible, since the coating composition matched the cathode composition also under these conditions. The positive effect of added Si on the process stability at the cathode surface, should be weighed against Si incorporation in the coating. This incorporation seems to lead to a reduction in mechanical properties in the as-deposited coatings and promote the formation of a B1-like cubic metastable oxide structure for the (Al,Cr)2O3 oxide. This formation may or may not be beneficial for the final application since literature indicates a slight stabilization of the metastable phase upon Si-incorporation, contrary to the effect of Cr, which stabilizes the α-phase. The thermal stability of alloys for metal cutting application is crucial for their use. Previous studies on another alloy system, Cr-Zr-O, had shown solid solution, for Cr-rich compositions in that material system, in the sought corundum structure. The thermal stability of α-Cr0.28Zr0.10O0.61 coating deposited by reactive radio frequency (RF)-magnetron sputtering at 500 °C was therefore investigated here after annealing in vacuum up to 870 °C. The annealed samples showed transformation of α-(Cr,Zr)2O3 and amorphous ZrOx-rich areas into tetragonal ZrO2 and bcc-Cr. The instability of the α-(Cr,Zr)2O3 is surprising and possibly related to the annealing being done under vacuum, facilitating the loss of oxygen. Further in situ synchrotron XRD annealing studies on the α-Cr0.28Zr0.10O0.61 coating in air and in vacuum showed increased stability for the air annealed sample up to at least 975 °C, accompanied with a slight increase in ex-situ measured nanohardness. The onset temperature for formation of tetragonal ZrO2 was similar to that for isothermally vacuum annealing. The synchrotron-vacuum annealed coating again decomposed into bcc-Cr and t-ZrO2, with an addition of monoclinic–ZrO2 due to grain growth. The stabilization of the room temperature metastable tetragonal ZrO2 phase, due to surface energy effects present with small grains sizes, may prove to be useful for metal cutting applications. The observed phase segregation of α-(Cr,Zr)2O3 and formation of tetragonal ZrO2 with corresponding increase in hardness for this pseudobinary oxide system also opens up design routes for pseudobinary oxides with tunable microstructural and mechanical properties.

Download or read book Handbook of Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings written by Peter M. Martin and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 3e, edited by Peter M. Martin, PNNL 2005 Inventor of the Year, is an extensive update of the many improvements in deposition technologies, mechanisms, and applications. This long-awaited revision includes updated and new chapters on atomic layer deposition, cathodic arc deposition, sculpted thin films, polymer thin films and emerging technologies. Extensive material was added throughout the book, especially in the areas concerned with plasma-assisted vapor deposition processes and metallurgical coating applications.

Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical material 1985 written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Optical Properties written by Rolf E. Hummel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-02-24 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin Films for Optical Coating emphasizes the applications of thin films, deposition of thin films, and thin film characterization. Unlike monographs on this subject, this book presents the views of many expert authors. Individual chapters span a wide arc of topics within this field of study. The book offers an introduction to usual and unusual applications of optical thin films, treating in a more qualitative way general topics such as anticounterfeiting coatings, decorative coatings, light switches, contrast enhancement coatings, multiplexers, optical memories, and more. Contributors review thin film media for optical data storage, UV broadband and narrow-band filters, and optically active thin film coatings. Ion beam sputtering and magnetron sputtering deposition methods are described in detail. Characterization techniques are provided, including Raman spectroscopy and absorption measurements. The book also offers theories on light scattering of thin dielectric films and the electromagnetic properties of nanocermet thin films. This reference incorporates recent research by the individual authors with their views of current developments in their respective fields. Of particular interest to the reader will be an assessment of the historical developments of thin film physics written by one of the fathers of thin film technology, Professor M. Auwärter.

Download or read book Ion beam assisted Deposition of Magnesium Oxide Films for Coated Conductors written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of high critical-temperature thin-film superconductors and coated conducting wires is important for electric power applications. To achieve high transport current density, template films are necessary for the successful deposition of biaxially aligned YBa2Cu3O{sub 7-x} (YBCO) on flexible metal substrates. We grew biaxially aligned magnesium oxide (MgO) template films by ion-beam-assisted deposition with electron-beam evaporation. MgO films of ≈100 Å thickness were deposited on Si3N4-coated Si substrates at a deposition rate of ≈1.5 Å/sec with an ion flux of ≈110 [mu]A/cm2 bombarding the substrate at a 45{sup o} angle. To study crystalline structure by X-ray diffraction, we deposited an additional layer of MgO. Good in- and out-of-plane alignment was observed, with (111) [phi]-scan full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of 6.2{sup o} and (002) [omega]-scan FWHM of 2.2{sup o}.

Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials 1985 written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings written by Rointan Framroze Bunshah and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1982 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials 1986 written by Harold Earl Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: