Download or read book Investor Expectations Earnings Management and Asset Prices written by Kai Du and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the implications of investor expectations for the joint determination of earnings manipulation and asset prices. Three alternative models of investor expectations are studied: constant-gain learning, regime-shifting beliefs, and accounting-information-system (AIS) beliefs. I use the simulated method of moments (SMM) to estimate the most plausible model that matches the actual data. AIS beliefs and regime-shifting beliefs are shown to best explain the empirical moments of 63 percent and 32 percent of S&P 500 firms, respectively. Regression analysis suggests that the three models offer different predictions on the existence and magnitude of several empirical regularities including a positive earnings response coefficient, the discretionary accruals anomaly, and return momentum.

Download or read book Introduction to Earnings Management written by Malek El Diri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-20 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides researchers and scholars with a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of earnings management theory and literature. While it raises new questions for future research, the book can be also helpful to other parties who rely on financial reporting in making decisions like regulators, policy makers, shareholders, investors, and gatekeepers e.g., auditors and analysts. The book summarizes the existing literature and provides insight into new areas of research such as the differences between earnings management, fraud, earnings quality, impression management, and expectation management; the trade-off between earnings management activities; the special measures of earnings management; and the classification of earnings management motives based on a comprehensive theoretical framework.

Download or read book Earnings Management written by Joshua Ronen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a study of earnings management, aimed at scholars and professionals in accounting, finance, economics, and law. The authors address research questions including: Why are earnings so important that firms feel compelled to manipulate them? What set of circumstances will induce earnings management? How will the interaction among management, boards of directors, investors, employees, suppliers, customers and regulators affect earnings management? How to design empirical research addressing earnings management? What are the limitations and strengths of current empirical models?

Download or read book Outperform with Expectations Based Management written by Tom Copeland and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-28 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CEOs and managers live and die by delivering superior performance to shareholders. This is why expectations-based management has been developed. Outperform with Expectations-Based Management (EBM) introduces a revolutionary new performance metric that links performance standards, performance measurement, and the achievement of performance. It's easy to say that if a CEO can get performance measurement right, then performance improvement will follow. But what is the "right" measure of performance, and how do you use it to improve performance? Authors Tom Copeland and Aaron Dolgoff answer these questions and many more, as they show you how to find the measure of performance that has the strongest link to the creation of wealth for the owners of both public and private companies. They answer the puzzle of why growth in earnings is not correlated with shareholder returns and explain the under- and over-investment traps. And they explain how clear communications to investors and managers alike improve value. The bottom line is that share prices go up when companies exceed expectations -- short-term and long-term -- of income statement and balance sheet performance and daily operating value drivers. Gain a complete understanding of EBM and discover how to do this, and much more, while staying competitive in an unforgiving business environment.

Download or read book Investor Expectations in Value Based Management written by Magdalena Mikołajek-Gocejna and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the process of shaping investor expectations is essential to describe and predict changes in the value of assets on the financial markets, especially stock prices on the capital markets and thus the value of companies listed on them. The main objective of this book is to include the investor expectations in the concept of enterprise value management and measurement of shareholders value creation. It seems that the role of expectations, as a determinant of investment decisions on the capital market, requires a deep insight and highlight the importance of managing the expectations for creating value for shareholders, in particular in the context of the financial crisis of 2007-2009. Creating value for shareholders is to overcome investor expectations for the rate of return on their initial investment. That means that managers must understand how investors build their expectations. According to studies conducted by T. Copeland and A. Dolgoff'a there is a strong and statistically significant relation between the shareholders returns and the two types of variables: changes in expectations for the future earnings and changes in the level of interference of provided information. Almost 50% of the variance of return rates can be explained by these two variables. Studies have also shown that changes in expectations for long-term profits have a significant and immediate impact on the share price. Readers of this book will be able to understand the process of investor expectation formulation, will know how to create value in response to investor expectations and how to consciously shape investor expectations in order to increase company value.

Download or read book Analytical Approach to Investing Research Removing the Management Fluff written by Pat O'Leary and published by . This book was released on 2009-03-25 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Market Insiders Analytical Approach Removes Management Fluff to Help Predict Forward Pricing and Valuation Based on Solid Principles That Can Be Quantified The management of earnings and expectations directly impacts the analytical forecasts in firm evaluation. Earnings and analysts forecasts are important inputs into accounting valuation models to reflect current and predict future firm performance. These models help predict the intrinsic value, but in recent years they may have adversely affected the usefulness of the resulting information. This book is meant to show that intrinsic value metrics estimated using manipulated earnings or forecasts have less ability to track stock prices and predict future returns. The usefulness of earnings and analysts forecasts provides evidence for the joint hypothesis of] Long-term market efficiency Negative impact of earnings management and expectations management Removing The Management Fluff. The authors approach has two major objectives in Removing the Management Fluff. First, it challenges the conventional view that more accurate and less biased forecasts are necessarily of better quality and proposes to assess the quality of analysts forecasts. It also introduces an improved measure for expectations management and presents new evidence on the following: Usefulness of earnings and analyst forecasts in firm valuation (Negative impacts of earnings management and expectations management on this usefulness (Overall performance of accounting valuation models in firm valuation Dr. Pat OLeary, Ph.D. Accounting MBA, CMA, CFM, CNE, B. Commerce Born in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, Pat has always been motivated to succeed and dedicated to getting the best formal financial education possible, as evidenced by his many degrees and certifications. As he rose through the ranks in the corporate world, he gained extensive experience in corporate structuring, mergers, IPOs, international finance, foreign exchange, and manufacturing. His impressive educational background and financial experience have blended to form the analytical and practical approach to investing research that he presents in this book.

Download or read book The Statistical Theory of Linear Systems written by E. J. Hannan and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published: New York: Wiley, c1988.

Download or read book Valuation Techniques written by David T. Larrabee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis and insights from top thought leaders on a pivotal topic in investing and asset management Valuation is the cornerstone for investment analysis, and a thorough understanding and correct application of valuation methodologies are critical for long-term investing success. Edited by two leading valuation experts from CFA Institute, this book brings together the insights and expertise of some of the most astute and successful investment minds of the past 50 years. From Benjamin Graham, the “father of value investing,” to Aswath Damodaran, you’ll learn what these investment luminaries have to say about investment valuation techniques, including earnings and cash flow analysis. Features the best thinking on valuation from the industry’s masters on the topic, supplemented with dozens of fascinating and instructive real-world examples Comprehensively discusses special valuation situations, such as real options, employee stock options, highly leveraged firms, corporate takeovers, and more Supplies you with the tools you need to successfully navigate and thrive in the ever-changing financial markets Is being produced with the full support and input of CFA Institute, the world’s leading association of investment professionals

Download or read book Financial Gatekeepers written by Yasuyuki Fuchita and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2007-02-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and Nomura Institute of Capital Markets Research publication Developed country capital markets have devised a set of institutions and actors to help provide investors with timely and accurate information they need to make informed investment decisions. These actors have become known as "financial gatekeepers" and include auditors, financial analysts, and credit rating agencies. Corporate financial reporting scandals in the United States and elsewhere in recent years, however, have called into question the sufficiency of the legal framework governing these gatekeepers. Policymakers have since responded by imposing a series of new obligations, restrictions, and punishments—all with the purpose of strengthening investor confidence in these important actors. Financial Gatekeepers provides an in-depth look at these new frameworks, especially in the United States and Japan. How have they worked? Are further refinements appropriate? These are among the questions addressed in this timely and important volume. Contributors include Leslie Boni (University of New Mexico), Barry Bosworth (Brookings Institution), Tomoo Inoue (Seikei University), Zoe-Vonna Palmrose (University of Southern California), Frank Partnoy (University of San Diego School of Law), George Perry (Brookings Institution), Justin Pettit (UBS), Paul Stevens (Investment Company Institute), Peter Wallison (American Enterprise Institute).

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Finance written by Cheng-Few Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-27 with total page 861 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a major new reference work covering all aspects of finance. Coverage includes finance (financial management, security analysis, portfolio management, financial markets and instruments, insurance, real estate, options and futures, international finance) and statistical applications in finance (applications in portfolio analysis, option pricing models and financial research). The project is designed to attract both an academic and professional market. It also has an international approach to ensure its maximum appeal. The Editors' wish is that the readers will find the encyclopedia to be an invaluable resource.

Download or read book Computational Methods for the Study of Dynamic Economies written by Ramon Marimon and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1999-03-04 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macroeconomics increasingly uses stochastic dynamic general equilibrium models to understand theoretical and policy issues. Unless very strong assumptions are made, understanding the properties of particular models requires solving the model using a computer. This volume brings together leading contributors in the field who explain in detail how to implement the computational techniques needed to solve dynamic economics models. A broad spread of techniques are covered, and their application in a wide range of subjects discussed. The book provides the basics of a toolkit which researchers and graduate students can use to solve and analyse their own theoretical models.

Download or read book Three Essays of Firm s Fundamentals and Asset Pricing written by Wei-Kang Shih and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In my dissertation research, I have three essays discussing the firm's fundamentals and their asset pricing implications. In the first essay entitled "Alternative Equity Valuation Models", we use simultaneous equations estimation and combined forecasting methods to examine future stock prices forecast ability of Ohlson (1995) Model, Feltham and Ohlson (1995) Model, and Warren and Shelton (1971) Model. We also investigate whether comprehensive earnings can provide incremental price-relevant information beyond net income. Overall, we find that the simultaneous equations estimation procedure can produce more accurate future stock price forecasts than the traditional single equation estimation method, and combined forecast method can further reduce the prediction errors by using combination of individual forecasts. We also find supporting evidence that investors can use comprehensive earnings to more accurately forecast future stock prices in these valuation models. My second essay entitled "Technical, Fundamental, and Combined Information for Separating Winners from Losers" jointly use fundamental and technical information to improve the technical momentum strategy. We examine how fundamental accounting information can be used to supplement the technical information, such as past returns and past trading volume data, to separate momentum winners from losers. More specifically, we propose a unified framework of incorporating fundamental indicators FSCORE (Piotroski, 2000) and GSCORE (Mohanram, 2005) into the technical momentum strategy. Our empirical results suggest that the combined momentum strategy outperforms technical momentum strategy for both growth and value stocks. My third essay entitled "The Economic Consequences of Real Earnings Management" examines how real activities based earnings management affect firm's payout and investment decisions. Our paper focuses on real earnings management in a general equilibrium production (GEP) economy setting, and studies the economic implications of this phenomenon on the economy. To formalize the notion of real earnings management, we propose that risk-averse managers "manage" earnings through investment-payout decisions that are conditioned by their history and habits. In addition, we permit habits to change randomly which introduces another source of risk. We explicitly solve for the endogenous asset prices and interest rate, and show how this additional risk from managerial habits is priced in the production economy.

Download or read book Earnings Management Conservatism and Earnings Quality written by Ralf Ewert and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earnings Management, Conservatism, and Earnings Quality reviews and illustrates earnings management, conservatism, and their effects on earnings quality in an economic modeling framework. Both earnings management and conservative accounting introduce biases to financial reports. The fundamental issue addressed is what economic effects these biases have on earnings quality or financial reporting quality. Earnings Management, Conservatism, and Earnings Quality reviews analytical models of earnings management and conservatism and shows that both can have beneficial or detrimental economic effects, so a differentiated view is appropriate. Earnings management can provide additional information via the financial reporting communication channel, but it can also be used to misrepresent the firm's position. What the authors find is that similar to earnings management, conservatism can reduce the information content of financial reports if it suppresses relevant information, but it can be a desirable feature that improves economic efficiency. The approach to study earnings management, conservatism, and earnings quality is based on the information economics literature. A variety of analytical models are reviewed that capture the effects and subtle interactions of managers' incentives and rational expectations of users. The benefit of analytical models is to make precise these, often highly complex, strategic effects. They offer a rigorous explanation for the phenomena and show that sometimes conventional wisdom does not apply. The monograph is organized around a few basic model settings, which are presented in simple versions first and then in extensions to elicit the main insights most clearly. Chapter 2 presents the basic rational expectations equilibrium model with earnings management and rational inferences by the capital market. Chapter 3 is devoted to earnings quality and earnings quality metrics used in many studies. Chapter 4 studies conservatism in accounting. Finally, the authors examine the interaction between conservatism and earnings management. Each chapter ends with a section containing a summary of the main findings and conclusions.

Download or read book Stock Return Predictability written by Arthur Ritter and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-05-27 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 17 (1,3), University of St Andrews (School of Management), course: Investment and Portfolio Management, language: English, abstract: Empirical evidence of stock return predictability obtained by financial ratios or macroeconomic factors has received substantial attention and remains a controversial topic to date. This is no surprise given that the existence of return predictability is not only of interest to practitioners but also introduces severe implications for financial models of risk and return. Founded on the assumption of efficient capital markets, research on capital asset pricing models has instigated this emergence of stock return predictability factors. Analysing these factors categorically, this paper will provide a balanced discussion of advocates as well as sceptics of stock return predictability. This essay will commence by firstly outlining the fundamental assumptions of an efficient capital market and its implications for return predictability. Subsequently, a thorough focus will be placed on the most significant predictability factors, including fundamental financial ratios and macroeconomic indicators as well as the validity of sampling methods used to attain return forecasts. Lastly this essay will reflect on the findings while proposing areas of further research.

Download or read book Earnings Quality written by Jennifer Francis and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2008 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review lays out a research perspective on earnings quality. We provide an overview of alternative definitions and measures of earnings quality and a discussion of research design choices encountered in earnings quality research. Throughout, we focus on a capital markets setting, as opposed, for example, to a contracting or stewardship setting. Our reason for this choice stems from the view that the capital market uses of accounting information are fundamental, in the sense of providing a basis for other uses, such as stewardship. Because resource allocations are ex ante decisions while contracting/stewardship assessments are ex post evaluations of outcomes, evidence on whether, how and to what degree earnings quality influences capital market resource allocation decisions is fundamental to understanding why and how accounting matters to investors and others, including those charged with stewardship responsibilities. Demonstrating a link between earnings quality and, for example, the costs of equity and debt capital implies a basic economic role in capital allocation decisions for accounting information; this role has only recently been documented in the accounting literature. We focus on how the precision of financial information in capturing one or more underlying valuation-relevant constructs affects the assessment and use of that information by capital market participants. We emphasize that the choice of constructs to be measured is typically contextual. Our main focus is on the precision of earnings, which we view as a summary indicator of the overall quality of financial reporting. Our intent in discussing research that evaluates the capital market effects of earnings quality is both to stimulate further research in this area and to encourage research on related topics, including, for example, the role of earnings quality in contracting and stewardship.

Download or read book Winning at Active Management written by William W. Priest and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-07 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winning at Active Management conducts an in-depth examination of crucial issues facing the investment management industry, and will be a valuable resource for asset managers, institutional consultants, managers of pension and endowment funds, and advisers to individual investors. Bill Priest, Steve Bleiberg and Mike Welhoelter all experienced investment professionals, consider the challenges of managing portfolios through complex markets, as well as managing the cultural and technological complexities of the investment business. The book’s initial section highlights the importance of culture within an investment firm – the characteristics of strong cultures, the imperatives of communication and support, and suggestions for leading firms through times of both adversity and prosperity. It continues with a thorough discussion of active portfolio management for equities. The ongoing debate over active versus passive management is reviewed in detail, drawing on both financial theory and real-world investing results. The book also contrasts traditional methods of portfolio management, based on accounting metrics and price-earnings ratios, with Epoch Investment Partners’ philosophy of investing on free cash flow and appropriate capital allocation. Winning at Active Management closes with an inquiry into the crucial and growing role of technology in investing. The authors assert that the most effective portfolio strategies result from neither pure fundamental nor quantitative methods, but instead from thoughtful combinations of analyst and portfolio manager experience and skill with the speed and breadth of quantitative analysis. The authors illustrate the point with an example of an innovative Epoch equity strategy based on economic logic and judgment, but enabled by information technology. Winning at Active Management also offers important insights into selecting active managers – the market cycle factors that have held back many managers’ performance in recent years, and the difficulty of identifying those firms that truly possess investment skill. Drawing on behavioral economic theory and empirical research, the book makes a convincing case that many active investment managers can and do generate returns superior to those of the broad market.

Download or read book Earnings Management The Influence of Real and Accrual Based Earnings Management on Earnings Quality written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2024-01-31 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, University of Duisburg-Essen, course: Master Thesis, language: English, abstract: This paper delves into various theories and approaches, aiming to define and differentiate earnings management from related concepts such as fraud, expectation management, and impression management. It explores the goals and incentives driving earnings management, including maximizing or minimizing earnings, beating targets, and smoothing. At the onset of the new millennium, corporate scandals rocked the business world, eroding trust in management, boards of directors, and the accounting profession. In response, regulations and policies aimed at enhancing corporate governance and financial reporting were swiftly implemented. The credibility, clarity, and consistency of financial reporting practices play a pivotal role in enabling investors to make informed decisions. Accurate and fair financial performance representations, as opposed to inflated and misleading figures, are essential for market players, including shareholders and creditors. Investors rely on audited financial reports to guide their investment decisions, underscoring the critical importance of accuracy and reliability in publicly available financial disclosures. Auditors, by reducing the risk of material misstatement, ensure the integrity of the information disclosed in a company's financial statements. Management, with the goal of achieving promised targets and ensuring the company's existence, may engage in earnings management as a strategic contribution to corporate policy. Financial reporting serves as a means to distinguish well-performing companies from their counterparts, facilitating efficient resource allocation and empowering stakeholders to make effective decisions. The disclosed earnings results significantly impact a firm's overall business activities and management decisions, particularly in satisfying analysts' expectations, which can influence equity value. While accounting standards play a role, the quality of financial statements is more influenced by company-specific and institutional factors shaping managers' incentives. These factors lead to financial reporting practices being viewed as the outcome of a cost-benefit assessment.