Download or read book Investigative Links Between Cognitive Function and Moderate to vigorous Physical Activity in Elementary Physical Education written by A. Melissa Pirrie and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Download or read book Investigation of the Effects of Physical Activity on Executive Function in the Early Childhood Setting written by Jeanne Marita Barcelona and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health is essential for children’s cognitive and physical development, yet often is undermined in school environments. Research indicates the use of physical activity within the school environment as a protective factor, ultimately diminishing obesity and augmenting student health outcomes (Sallis et al., 1993; Sallis et al., 1999). Further, research evidence such as that physical activity (PA) is a facilitator of executive functioning among children (Davis et al., 2011; Diamond & Lee, 2011). The purpose of this dissertation was to elucidate the role of PA on executive function in early childhood. A sample of 210 children and 23 teachers participated in this series of three studies. In study one, children completed a psychosocial survey and engaged in a short duration, acute bout of PA. Teacher participants completed a survey investigating their perceptions of the classroom environment. Analyses revealed that student perceptions of enjoyment while participating in PA are significantly related to time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and that teacher perceptions of classroom environment are a significant predictor; inversely associated with student time spent in MVPA. The second study, utilized a repeated measures research design to investigate the effect of PA on executive function and found that type of PA significantly contributed to cognitive performance. Participants who danced for approximately five minutes had increased accuracy and faster response time over participants engaged in aerobic or yoga activities. The attentional performance also significantly increased for dance participants as compared to those involved in aerobic and yoga. In study three, path analyses explored main and mediating effects of PA on psychosocial, environmental and cognitive variables. Although all PA did not significantly mediate EF, there were significant main effects for both dance and aerobic PA on cognition in early childhood. As a means of preventing disease and enhancing cognitive health, short bouts of PA hold value in the pre-school classroom as they enhance executive functioning, which subserves learning. Findings from these three studies are of public health interest as we find that classroom PA engagement is a critical factor to the health and academic success of the whole child.
Download or read book Exercise and Cognitive Function written by Terry McMorris and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook focuses on the relationship between physical exercise and cognition, a very timely and important topic with major theoretical and practical implications for a number of areas including ageing, neurorehabilitation, depression and dementia. It brings together a wide range of analytical approaches and experimental results to provide a very useful overview and synthesis of this growing field of study. The book is divided into three parts: Part I covers the conceptual, theoretical and methodological underpinnings and issues. Part II focuses on advances in exercise and cognition research, with appropriate sub-sections on ‘acute’ and ‘chronic’ exercise and cognition. Part III presents an overview of the area and makes suggestions for the direction of future research. This text provides a cutting-edge examination of this increasingly important area written by leading experts from around the world. The book will prove invaluable to researchers and practitioners in a number of fields, including exercise science, cognitive science, neuroscience and clinical medicine. Key Features: Unique in-depth investigation of the relationship between physical exercise and brain function. Covers theoretical approaches and experimental results and includes chapters on the latest developments in research design. Examines the effects of both acute and chronic exercise on brain function. International list of contributors, who are leading researchers in their field.
Download or read book Physical Activity Self Regulation and Executive Control Across the Lifespan written by Sean P. Mullen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-02-05 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is overwhelming evidence linking increased physical activity with positive changes in cognitive functioning and brain health. Much of what we know about these interrelationships comes from aerobic exercise training studies with older adults and children. This literature has paved the way for the neuroscientific investigation of mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cognitive and brain health enhancement, a list that ranges from molecular changes to systemic changes in executive control and neural connectivity. A new perspective has also emerged that aims to understand executive control processes that may underlie the regulation of health behavior. In accordance with this view, physical activity falls under the umbrella of health behaviors that require a substantial amount of executive control. Executive control is a limited resource, and the aging process depletes this resource. People who regularly exercise are said to have higher “self-regulatory control”—planning, goal-shielding and impulse control—than irregular exercisers. The successful maintenance of physical activity participation in lieu of daily cognitive stressors likely reflects an adaptive resistance to control failures. Indeed, a handful of studies have shown the relationship between greater executive control and subsequently higher levels of physical activity. However, little is known about the neural correlates of physical activity adherence or sedentary behavior, with the view that neurocognitive factors have an antecedent and reciprocal influence on these behaviors. No research has focused on the brain networks responsible for the self-regulation of physical activity, which likely overlaps with structures and functions playing critical roles in the regulation of other health behaviors. Interdisciplinary investigations are needed to explain the extent to which physical activity self-regulation and self-regulatory failure is dependent upon, or under the influence of executive control processes and brain networks. Understanding the degree to which self-regulatory resources may be enhanced, restored, and trained will have enormous implications for basic science and applied fields. It is also of great import to understand whether or not physical activity self-regulation is a domain-specific behavior associated with specific brain networks, or to determine the extent to which regulatory network-sharing occurs. The aim of this Frontiers Research Topic is to curate contributions from researchers in social and cognitive neurosciences and related fields, whose work involves the study of physical activity behavior, self-regulation and executive control. For this Research Topic, we, therefore, solicit reviews, original research articles, and opinion papers, which draw theoretical or empirical connections related to sustained physical activity behavior, self-regulatory strategies, cognitive performance, and brain structure and function. While focusing on work in the neurosciences, this Research Topic also welcomes contributions in the form of behavioral studies, psychophysiological investigations, and methodological innovations. This Frontiers Research Topic will carve out new directions for the fields of exercise, cognitive, and social neurosciences. We hope you will consider submitting your work.
Download or read book Advances in the Understanding of the Affective and Cognitive Effects of Physical Activity Exercise and Sports written by Chong Chen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-03-22 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increasing body of research suggests that physical activity, exercise, and sports enhance a wide range of cognitive and affective wellbeing, including attention, executive functions, memory and learning, creativity, stress resilience, and mental health. Engaging in regular physical activity has also been associated with a reduced risk of many neurological and psychiatric disorders, notably dementia, major depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders. However, firstly, it is still unclear what kind of physical activity, exercise, and sports conducted on how long a timescale brings maximal benefits to a specific outcome for a specific population. Secondly, how findings reported so far can be incorporated into daily practice by the general public and in educational, neurological, and psychiatric contexts remain unaddressed. Thirdly, the underlying psychological, physiological, and neurobiological mechanisms through which physical activity, exercise, and sports promote cognitive and affective wellbeing remain to be clarified. Several potential mechanisms have been proposed, including the activation of the prefrontal cortices and the dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission, the release of neurotrophins, the enhancement of neural plasticity and neurogenesis, and the decrease of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
Download or read book Children and Sport written by J. Ilmarinen and published by . This book was released on 1984-06-02 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Educational Neuroscience written by Michael S. C. Thomas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of educational neuroscience uses new insights about the neural mechanisms of learning to improve educational practices and outcomes. The first volume to bring together the latest knowledge on the development of educational neuroscience from a life-span perspective, this important text offers state of the art, authoritative research findings in educational neuroscience before providing evidence-based recommendations for classroom practice. Thomas, Mareschal, Dumontheil, and the team of expert international contributors assembled in this volume thoroughly explore four main themes throughout the book. The first theme is individual differences, or what makes children perform better or worse in the classroom. The second theme is the nature of individual differences at different stages in development, from early years into adulthood. The third theme addresses cognitive enhancement, summarizing research that has investigated activities that might give general benefits to cognition. And the fourth theme considers the translation of research findings into classroom practices, discussing broader ethical issues raised by educational neuroscience, and what teachers need to know about neuroscience to enhance their day-to-day practice. Specific topics explored include neuropsychological perspectives on socioeconomic disparities in educational achievement, reading difficulties, phonological skills, executive function, and emotional development. Educational Neuroscience is essential reading for researchers and graduate students of educational psychology, developmental science, developmental psychology, and cognitive psychology, especially those specializing in emotion regulation.
Download or read book Neuromodulation of Exercise Impact on Different Kinds of Behavior written by Henning Budde and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Activity and Educational Achievement written by Romain Meeusen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing body of research evidence suggests that physical activity can have a positive effect on educational achievement. This book examines a range of processes associated with physical activity that are of relevance to those working in education – including cognition, learning, memory, attention, mood, stress and mental health symptoms – and draws on the latest insights from exercise neuroscience to help explain the evidence. With contributions from leading scientists and educationalists from around the world, this book cuts through the myths to interrogate the relationship between physical activity and educational achievement in children, adolescents and young adults in a variety of cultural and geographical contexts. Examining both the benefits and risks associated with physical activity from the perspectives of exercise science and educational psychology, it also looks ahead to ask what the limits of this research might be and what effects it might have on the future practice of education. Physical Activity and Educational Achievement: Insights from Exercise Neuroscience is fascinating reading for any student, academic or practitioner with an interest in exercise science and education.
Download or read book Investigating the Relationship Between Individual Correlates of Physical Activity and Cognitive Function written by Nicole Logan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age-related declines in cognitive function are a major cause for concern in public health. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in developing lifestyle or exercise interventions that can prevent or delay the onset of cognitive decline. The relationship between the P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) and levels of habitual physical activity has been well established, and offers a potential marker for cognitive function. However, there are still large underlying questions that remain about the nature of this relationship. This cross sectional study aims to determine the individual correlates of physical activity, such as arterial health, heart rate, electrophysiological function and alpha power, in order to reveal how habitual physical activity levels affect cognitive function. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and resting heart rates were used to classify participants into two groups – “High Activity” or “Low Activity”, based on habitual levels of activity and resting heart beats per minute. Vascular health was also measured to establish a link between self-reported physical activity levels, physiological function, cognitive function, and alpha power. ERPs were recorded during the AX Continuous Performance Task in order to extract P300 responses to stimuli requiring cognitive control. We confirm earlier reports that ERP amplitude was affected by physical activity, and that those in the High Activity group had lower blood pressures. Furthermore, the variation in heart rate, vascular health and P300 amplitude between groups was modulated by differences in resting EEG alpha. We propose the novel theory that participation in habitual physical activity throughout the lifespan may serve to increase overall alpha power during resting states thus decreasing brain activity, and decrease alpha power during high cognitive loads to increase brain activity for tasks which demand high attentional capacities. These results deepen our understanding on the electrophysiological and cardiovascular correlates of the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function.
Download or read book Investigating the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Working Memory in Typically Developed Elementary School aged Children written by Alexandra Lucey-Carra and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Across America, public schools have been reducing the amount of time that children spend engaged in physical activity in favor of devoting more time to standardized test preparation. There exists a robust body of literature regarding the health benefits experienced when children engage in regular physical activity; there also exists a body of research which indicates that increased levels of physical activity contribute to improved cognitive functioning, executive functioning, and working memory. The research question for the present study was: How will a short bout of physical activity affect the working memory of typically developed elementary school-aged children? In the present study, the researcher tested the working memory of 42 typically developed elementary school children prior to and after they engaged in a short period of physical activity. The researcher used the Working Memory Index (WMI) from the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V). There was a significant improvement in participants’ scores following engagement in physical activity. The results of this study are concurrent with the existing literature.
Download or read book Promoting Elementary School Physical Activity written by Russell R. Pate and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2023-02-08 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physically active children experience healthier growth and development. They are less likely to be overweight. They learn more effectively and manage their behavior better. Yet many classroom teachers offer little or no time for physical activity because they feel pressed for time, space, and equipment. That’s where Promoting Elementary School Physical Activity: Ideas for Enjoyable Active Learning comes in. This text provides K-5 classroom teachers and physical educators with simple, creative strategies and activities that have proven successful in schools and that are suitable for all children. The ideas are practical, accessible, and backed by research that supports the benefits of physical activity in the classroom. They are also flexible—meaning the authors present guidance and options for modifying activities, so teachers can choose what works best for their students. Most activities can be carried out in small spaces or within an existing classroom setup. Promoting Elementary School Physical Activity offers a total of 50 ready-to-use activities in four categories: Classroom physical activity breaks Physically active instruction Recess Enhanced physical education The games and activities afford schools the opportunity to emphasize physical activity throughout the day. The activities are easy to fit into the curriculum at any and all points, including before and after school. Little or no equipment is needed; for the few activities that require equipment, suggestions are provided to make simple equipment from everyday materials. In addition, most chapters offer quick tips to help teachers overcome any challenges that might come up with the activities in that section, and many chapters come with an infographic that shows or describes the benefits of the activity for the topic being discussed. Promoting Elementary School Physical Activity is organized into three parts: Part I, Classroom Physical Activity, offers ideas for integrating classroom physical activity breaks, incorporating physical activity into academic instruction, taking advantage of recess, and creating a physically active classroom. Part II, Physical Education, is written specifically for the physical education teacher. It provides simple strategies for getting students moving throughout physical education class, connecting them to physical activity resources in the school and community, and facilitating lifelong physical activity. Part III, The Physically Active School, presents more options for student physical activity, including ideas for before- and after-school programs and physically active transport to and from school. It also focuses on the importance of the physical environment, physical activity policies, physical activity practices, and social environment. The comprehensive school physical activity program is explored as a tool to organize and coordinate the physical activity opportunities presented throughout this book. This practical guide makes it easy for teachers to bring the fun of physical activity—along with its academic, social, and health benefits—to their K-5 students.
Download or read book Physical Activity Fitness and Cognitive Function in Children and Adolescents written by Darla Castelli and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the playground to youth sports, the benefits of physical activity for children and adolescents are primarily known. Less understood is how participation influences cognitive function at different stages of development. This chapter aims to summarize the literature on child and adolescent physical activity, fitness, and cognitive performance by translating empirical research to school and community settings. The specific effects of physical activity vary by intensity, mode, volume, and domain. This review suggested that physical activity and fitness were positively associated with higher cognitive function. Children who are aerobically fit and regularly physically activite are faster, more accurate responders and tend to do better in school. Participation in light to vigorous intensity physical activity cognitively benefits children. Additional benefits come from cognitively demanding (e.g., team sports) and vigorously intense (e.g., jumping rope) activities. Because benefit varies by physical fitness component and physical activity type, it is recommended that preschool children participate in an assortment of movements for 3 h a day, working up to 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity by age 6. Comprehensive approaches across multiple settings, offering opportunities to participate in physical activity, have the most significant potential for enhancing cognitive health among children and adolescents.
Download or read book An Examination of Neuro cognitive Functioning and Its Relationship with Physical Activity Intensity Levels and Cardiovascular Fitness and the Importance of a Holistic Approach to the Development and Education of a Child written by Ciara Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: It is reported that regular physical activity (PA) is linked to increased neuro-cognitive function (NCF) in children, with moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) showing the most benefits (Syvaoja et al. 2015). What remains unclear is i) which elements of cognition, are affected by exercise intensities in healthy youth and ii) what model could demonstrate the importance of a holistic approach to the development and education of an individual. Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the association between NCF with PA, Cardiovascular Fitness (CVF), and psychological determinants in Irish youth mean age 12.25 years, at a crucial time point in their development. Specific attention was given to identifying whether a specific level of PA contributes to efficient NCF, while also investigating a potential model to demonstrate the importance of a holistic approach to the development and education of an individual. Methods: Information was gathered on participants (n = 262) levels of PA (Actigraph Accelerometer GT1M, GT3X, or GT3X+), CV (20m progressive shuttle run test), NCF (Reaction time (RTI) Attention (AST), Working Memory (SWM), Cognitive Flexibility (RVP) and Executive Functioning), health and wellbeing (KIDSCREEN 27) and academic achievement (AA). Results: This study reported that Light PA, Moderate PA, MVPA, Vigorous PA and CVF associated with NCF. A model of all variables was developed to demonstrate the importance of a holistic approach to child development. Path analysis (AMOS 21) demonstrated a good fit for this proposed model (NFI = .863, TLI = .998, CFI = .996 and RMSEA = .007). Conclusion: Preliminary findings suggest that performance in NCF tasks are associated with specific PA intensity levels and CVF. The statistical significance of the proposed model highlights the importance of a holistic approach in the development and education of an individual. Future Recommendations: A longitudinal study is warranted to monitor and evaluate the development of NCF and the proposed model in preadolescence as they progress through to adolescence years. Adolescence is a time where a lot of change occurs with potential effects on NCF development. Research is needed on the effect of pre-and- post PA on NCF. This thesis along with previous research has demonstrated that there is a relationship between PA intensity levels, CVF and NCF.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Youth Physical Activity written by Timothy Brusseau and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 975 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past three decades the study of pediatric physical inactivity has become a public health concern. The decreases in physical activity have been associated with obesity and numerous hypokinetic diseases. In accordance with this public health concern, the study of pediatric physical activity has become a central part of research in the health and exercise science fields. The Routledge Handbook of Youth Physical Activity is the first book to survey the full depth and breadth of the issues facing this field. Bringing together many of the world’s experts and practitioners, the book helps to develop an understanding of the underlying issues related to pediatric physical activity as well as the role physical activity plays on cognitive, psychomotor, and social aspects of childhood. The book addresses issues with physical activity measurement and discuss wide-ranging aspects of physical activity interventions. With more emphasis than ever on physical activity, this book makes an important contribution to the scholars and practitioners working in the field of youth physical activity. This is the first single text on the state of current knowledge related to pediatric physical activity which offers a comprehensive guide to students and academics on these subjects The Routledge Handbook of Youth Physical Activity is key reading for all advanced students, researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers with an interest in physical activity, youth sport, public health matters, sport studies, or physical education.
Download or read book Handbook of Physical Education written by David Kirk and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2006-10-04 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the condition of the field of Physical Education? How is it adapted to the rise of kinesiology, sport and exercise science and human movement studies over the last thirty years? This Handbook provides an authoritative critical overview of the field and identifies future challenges and directions. The Handbook is divided in to six sections: Perspectives and Paradigms in Physical Education Research; Cross-disciplinary Contributions to Research Philosophy; Learning in Physical Education; Teaching Styles and Inclusive Pedagogies; Physical Education Curriculum; and Difference and Diversity in Physical Education.
