Download or read book Investigation of the Spatial and Temporal Structure of Internal Waves written by Andy I. Pickering and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of field experiments and model simulations are used to investigate the spatial and temporal aspects of internal waves, with a focus on near-inertial waves and internal tides. First, the near-inertial wave field in the North Pacific is investigated using an array of 5 profiling moorings and shipboard ADCP transects. The ship transects reveal the horizontal structure of near-inertial shear, which is coherent over large distances (~ 80 km) and exhibits a change in character crossing 28.9°N. Second, the spatial structure of internal tidal beams is studied with repeated shipboard ADCP transects across Kaena Ridge, Hawaii. Harmonic fits are used to isolate the M2 component of velocity, revealing a beam structure that compares well with theoretical ray paths and numerical simulations. Third, internal tides are investigated with moorings deployed in Luzon Strait, a major internal tide generation site with complex bathymetry and mesoscale variability. The coherence of internal tides over 4 spring-neap tidal cycles is quantified, and a model is used to diagnose the mechanisms responsible. Intrusions of the Kuroshio current shift large-scale patterns of internal tide pressure, leading to lower coherence and possibly affecting the wave field radiated from Luzon Strait. Finally, the turbulent mixing caused by tidal flow over topography in southern Luzon Strait is investigated with a profiling mooring and model simulations. Depth-integrated turbulent dissipation varies by an order of magnitude between spring and neap tides. Model simulations show that turbulence is due to the formation and breaking of lee waves. Dissipation varies for similar barotropic forcing over the 50 day record, suggesting that mesoscale variability is important in modulating mixing.
Download or read book Oceanic Internal Tides Observations Analysis and Modeling written by Eugene G. Morozov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a detailed study of the structure and variability of internal tides and their geographical distribution in the ocean. Based on experimental analysis of oceanic measurements combined with numerical modeling, it offers a comprehensive overview of the internal wave processes around the globe. In particular, it is based on moored buoys observations in many regions in all oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern) that have been carried out by researchers from different countries for more than 40 years as part of various oceanographic programs, including WOCE and CLIVAR. However, a significant portion of the data was collected by the author, who is a field oceanographer. The data was processed and interpreted on the basis of the latest knowledge of internal wave motion. The properties of internal waves were analyzed in relation to the bottom topography and mean state of the ocean in specific regions. Internal waves play a major role in the formation of seawater stratification and are responsible for the main processes of ocean dynamics, such as energy transfer and mixing. One of the most significant ideas presented in this book is the generation of internal tides over submarine ridges. Energy fluxes from submarine ridges related to tidal internal waves greatly exceed the fluxes from continental slopes. Submarine ridges form an obstacle to the propagation of tidal currents, which can cause the creation of large amplitude internal tides. Energy fluxes from submarine ridges account for approximately one fourth of the total energy dissipation of the barotropic tides. Model simulations and moored measurements have been combined to generate a map of global distribution of internal tide amplitudes. This book is of interest to oceanographers, marine biologists, civil engineers, and scientists working in climate research, fluid mechanics, acoustics, and underwater navigation.
Download or read book Annular Two Phase Flow written by Geoffrey Hewitt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annular Two-Phase Flow presents the wide range of industrial applications of annular two-phase flow regimes. This book discusses the fluid dynamics and heat transfer aspects of the flow pattern. Organized into 12 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the classification of the various types of interface distribution observed in practice. This text then examines the various regimes of two-phase flow with emphasis on the regions of occurrence of the annular flow regime. Other chapters consider the single momentum and energy balances, which illustrate the differences and analogies between single- and two-phase flows. This book discusses as well the simple modes for annular flow with consideration to the calculation of the profile of shear stress in the liquid film. The final chapter deals with the techniques that are developed for the measurement of flow pattern, entrainment, and film thickness. This book is a valuable resource for chemical engineers.
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Modulation of Internal Waves and Thermohaline Structure written by Sylvia T. Cole and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Repeated horizontal sections at tidal and seasonal timescales are analyzed and show the two-dimensional (x-z) spatial patterns of internal waves and thermohaline structure. These spatial patterns give information about internal wave properties on tidal timescales, and the history of stirring and mixing on seasonal timescales. The across-ridge structure of tidal internal waves at Kauai Channel, Hawaii was observed using 300 km SeaSoar and Doppler sonar sections perpendicular to the Hawaiian ridge. M2 tidal beams and their reflection off of the surface were observed in velocity and displacement variance and several covariances. Covariances were consistent with internal wave generation at the ridge flanks and corresponded to internal wave propagation away from the ridge. Energy flux was found to exceed dissipation almost everywhere across the ridge. Interactions between upward and downward tidal beams are shown to cause momentum flux divergences and mean flows. The seasonal evolution of upper ocean thermohaline structure was studied using observations of a North Pacific section taken in winter, spring, and summer with 3-14 km horizontal resolution. In the mixed layer, seasonal modulations in the size of horizontal temperature and salinity differences as well as their tendency to compensate in density were observed. Water left behind after the mixed layer restratified inherited its thermohaline structure from the winter mixed layer, was most similar to the mixed layer in spring, and to the region just below in summer. Spectra of isopycnal depth and temperature showed seasonal variations at 30-370 km wavelengths. Effective isopycnal diffusivity was estimated by treating salinity anomalies as a tracer. Thermohaline structure at 5-1300 km scales in the upper 1000 m was analyzed along a section north of Hawaii observed 16 times with autonomous gliders over 2.5 years. A spatial modulation of thermohaline fluctuations along isopycnals was observed that persisted over the observation period and reflects the history of horizontal stirring and mixing. Temporal modulations in thermohaline structure were observed in the mixed layer, including the subtropical frontal regions, and the water left behind after restratificaiton, where perturbation magnitude decayed with time once isolated from the mixed layer.
Download or read book Internal Gravity Waves written by Bruce R. Sutherland and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of internal gravity waves provides many challenges: they move along interfaces as well as in fully three-dimensional space, at relatively fast temporal and small spatial scales, making them difficult to observe and resolve in weather and climate models. Solving the equations describing their evolution poses various mathematical challenges associated with singular boundary value problems and large amplitude dynamics. This book provides the first comprehensive treatment of the theory for small and large amplitude internal gravity waves. Over 120 schematics, numerical simulations and laboratory images illustrate the theory and mathematical techniques, and 130 exercises enable the reader to apply their understanding of the theory. This is an invaluable single resource for academic researchers and graduate students studying the motion of waves within the atmosphere and ocean, and also mathematicians, physicists and engineers interested in the properties of propagating, growing and breaking waves.
Download or read book Internal Gravity Waves Observed in Mesospheric Temperature Measurements written by S. P. Zimmerman and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature height profiles determined from falling sphere and Arcasonde measurements, made at White Sands, New Mexico from 23 to 25 January 1967, exhibit unusually large variability in the vicinity of the mesopause. Spatial and temporal analysis of the data exhibit a wave-like structure with vertical half wavelengths of the order of 3 and 30 km and a characteristic period of approximately 12 hours for the longer wavelength. Comparison with meteorological data below 60 km and application of appropriate theory leads to the tentative suggestion that the observed temperature variations were due to internal gravity waves. The analysis also infers that the source of these waves was a large scale, low altitude (approximately 200 mb) synoptic disturbance. This work has been performed in support of re-entry studies for Air Force space vehicles and investigations for improving DOD missile impact prediction capability. (Author).
Download or read book Constructive Modeling of Structural Turbulence and Hydrodynamic Instabilities written by Oleg Mikhailovich Belotserkovskii and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an original approach in the research of structural analysis of free developed shear compressible turbulence at high Reynolds number on the base of direct numerical simulation (DNS) and instability evolution for ideal medium (integral conservation laws) with approximate mechanism of dissipation (FLUX dissipative monotone OC upwindOCO difference schemes) and does not use any explicit sub-grid approximation and semi-empirical models of turbulence. Convective mixing is considered as a principal part of conservation law.
Download or read book Issues in Global Environment Freshwater and Marine Environments 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 1141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Global Environment—Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Continental Shelf Research. The editors have built Issues in Global Environment—Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Continental Shelf Research in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Global Environment—Freshwater and Marine Environments: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book A Satellite Study of Ocean Internal Waves written by Constance Sawyer and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalogue of Accessioned Publications written by World Data Center A--Oceanography and published by . This book was released on with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NBS Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Numerical Investigation of Breaking Internal Waves on Slopes written by Robert S. Arthur and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past fifty years, advancements in ocean instrumentation have led to fascinating observations of internal waves propagating, shoaling, and breaking in the coastal ocean. These observations have shown that breaking internal waves are likely important contributors to transport and mixing in coastal ecosystems, as well as to turbulent dissipation and mixing in the global ocean energy budget. However, much of the physics of internal waves, especially the process of breaking on slopes, remains poorly understood. Due to the limited spatial and temporal resolution of field observations in the ocean, many idealized laboratory and numerical experiments have also been used study internal waves. The primary goal of this dissertation is to use high-resolution, laboratory-scale numerical simulations to increase the current understanding of breaking internal waves on slopes. I take advantage of high-performance, parallel computing to resolve turbulent effects using direct numerical simulations (DNS), and focus on three specific aspects of internal wave breaking: dynamics, energetics, and transport.
Download or read book Differential Absorption Lidars for Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Pressure and Temperature Profiles written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small Scale Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Particles Plankton and Other Organisms written by Aditya R. Nayak and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-14 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Food Webs at the Landscape Level written by Gary A. Polis and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2004-02-22 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paying special attention to the fertile boundaries between terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, this work shows not only what this new methodology means for ecology, conservation, and agriculture but also serves as a fitting tribute to Gary Polis and his major contributions to the field
Download or read book Baroclinic Tides written by Vasiliy Vlasenko and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-14 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was first published in 2005. When an oceanic tidal wave that is primarily active on the water surface passes an ocean shelf or a region with a seamount, it is split into a less energetic surface wave and other internal modes with different wavelengths and propagation speeds. This cascading process, from the barotropic tides to the baroclinic components, leads to the transformation of tidal energy into turbulence and heat, an important process for the dynamics of the lower ocean. Baroclinic Tides demonstrates the analytical and numerical methods used to study the generation and evolution of baroclinic tides and, by comparison with experiments and observational data, shows how to distinguish and interpret internal waves. Strongly non-linear solitary internal waves, which are generated by internal tidal waves at the final stage of their evolution, are investigated in detail. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students of physical oceanography, geophysical fluid dynamics and hydroacoustics.
