Download or read book Investigation of the Microbial Contribution to Nutrient Removal in an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of the Microbial Contribution to Nutrient Removal in an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Process written by Gavin David Drysdale and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Ecology of Activated Sludge written by Robert Seviour and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-15 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Ecology of Activated Sludge, written for both microbiologists and engineers, critically reviews our current understanding of the microbiology of activated sludge, the most commonly used process for treating both domestic and industrial wastes. The contributors are all internationally recognized as leading research workers in activated sludge microbiology, and all have made valuable contributions to our present understanding of the process. The book pays particular attention to how the application of molecular methods has changed our perceptions of the identity of the filamentous bacteria causing the operational disorders of bulking and foaming, and the bacteria responsible for nitrification and denitrification and phosphorus accumulation in nutrient removal processes. Special attention is given to how it is now becoming possible to relate the composition of the community of microbes present in activated sludge, and the in situ function of individual populations there, and how such information might be used to manage and control these systems better. Detailed descriptions of some of these molecular methods are provided to allow newcomers to this field of study an opportunity to apply them in their research. Comprehensive descriptions of organisms of interest and importance are also given, together with high quality photos of activated sludge microbes. Activated sludge processes have been used globally for nearly 100 years, and yet we still know very little of how they work. In the past 15 years the advent of molecular culture independent methods of study have provided tools enabling microbiologists to understand which organisms are present in activated sludge, and critically, what they might be doing there. Microbial Ecology of Activated Sludge will be the first book available to deal comprehensively with the very exciting new information from applying these methods, and their impact on how we now view microbiologically mediated processes taking place there. As such it will be essential reading for microbial ecologists, environmental biotechnologists and engineers involved in designing and managing these plants. It will also be suitable for postgraduate students working in this field.

Download or read book An Operator s Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal BNR in the Activated Sludge Process written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by Chemical Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents - List of Tables - List of Figures - PART ONE: NITRIFICATION - Chapter 1 Introduction - Chapter 2 Nitrogenous and Phosphorous Compounds - Chapter 3 Nitrification: The Basics - Chapter 4 Nitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 5 Nitrification and Limiting Factors - Chapter 6 Promoting Nitrification - PART TWO: DENITRIFICATION - Chapter 7 Denitrification: The Basics - Chapter 8 Denitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 9 Denitrification and Limiting Factors - PART THREE: BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL - Chapter 10 Biological Phosphorus Removal: The Basics - Chapter 11 EBPR: Process Control - Abbreviations and Acronyms - Glossary - Bibliography - Biological nutrient removal (BNR), the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, is a complex process. Although the activated sludge process is an efficient technology for the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS), it provides less-than-optimal conditions for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, and presents numerous challenges to the operator trying to satisfy the many requirements for several different groups of bacteria. In addition to satisfying the requirements there are numerous, highly variable operational conditions that impact BNR. These conditions include: changes in strength and composition of the wastewater, alkalinity and pH, temperature, and presence of inhibitory and toxic wastes. Even fluctuations in flows, especially from inflow and infiltration, can adversely impact the aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions needed for successful BNR. Of the three treatment processes, nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological removal, nitrification is often the most difficult to achieve. Therefore, a large portion of this book reviews nitrification. Operators of the activated sludge process need to understand the basic biological, chemical, and physical requirements for BNR in order to improve the performance of these treatment processes. An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process is intended to help operators in the monitoring, troubleshooting, and process control of BNR. Numerous tables and figures are included in the book to help the operator understand the biological and chemical reactions that are involved in BNR processes and how the reactions can be monitored for process control. Design of BNR processes is not addressed in this book. Design is addressed in numerous engineering publications. The book serves to help operators achieve permit compliance for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge limits and obtain cost-effective operation. -

Download or read book Engineering Granular Microbiomes written by David Gregory Weissbrodt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Granulation Technology for Nutrient Removal from Wastewater written by Yu Liu and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic granulation technology for wastewater treatment has been widely exploited in recent years. Currently, research on aerobic granulation is been intensively conducted in universities, institutes, private or public interest research organisations world-wide. This book provides the latest research outcomes on the fundamentals and applications of this technology for biological nutrient removal from wastewater. The book offers researchers and practitioners in wastewater treatment engineering up-to-date knowledge and understanding of this novel nutrient removal biotechnology.

Download or read book Biological Phosphorus Removal Activated Sludge Process in Warm Climates written by Cao Ye Shi and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special Offer: Cao Ye Shi Author Set - Buy all three books together and save a total £76! Biological Phosphorus Removal Activated Sludge Process in Warm Climates presents the results of detailed research on the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) activated sludge process under warm climate conditions (20oC - 30oC), which is part of the R & D program of Public Utilities Board (PUB) Singapore. The investigations and studies presented in this book are application-oriented, but at the same time the studies aim at an insightful understanding of the EBPR with the knowledge of the latest development in academic field. The focus points are: EBPR performance of laboratory-scale and full-scale activated sludge processes under the site conditions in warm climates The carbon competition and distribution between PAO and GAO (and denitrifiers) in the process The stoichiometry and kinetics of P-release, COD uptake in the anaerobic environment and P-uptake in the aerobic environment under different temperatures and operating conditions PAO and GAO population fractions, shift and dominance studies using FISH and batch tests The inter-relationships between the system performance, process design and the microbial community EBPR for industrial wastewater (high ratio of feed COD/P) treatment under warm climates. Together with the preceding book – Biological Nitrogen Removal Activated Sludge Process in Warm Climates – published by IWA in 2008, this book fills the gap of biological nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal in warm climates and provides unique experiences and knowledge for Process and design researchers and engineers in wastewater research, students and academic staff in Civil/Sanitation/Environment Departments, as well as Managers, Engineers and Consultants in water companies and water utilities. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/SELECTIONOFDOMESTICWASTEWATERTREATMENTSYSTEMSINWARMCLIMATEREGIONS

Download or read book Technologies for the Treatment and Recovery of Nutrients from Industrial Wastewater written by Val del Río, Ángeles and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2016-10-21 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of wastewater from various human and industrial activities has a harsh impact on the environment. Without adequate treatment, the disposal of this wastewater poses a threat to the quality of water globally. Technologies for the Treatment and Recovery of Nutrients from Industrial Wastewater investigates emergent research and best practices within the field of wastewater management. Highlighting novel technological tools in wastewater treatment, effective nutrient removal technologies, and innovative solutions to quality water preservation practices, this book is a critical reference source for professionals, scientists, academics, and students.

Download or read book Process Improvements in Biological Nutrient Removal Systems for Better Wastewater Treatment Performance written by Shengnan Xu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Process improvements for better wastewater treatment performance are necessary with stringent discharge requirements. The main objective of this research is to develop new wastewater treatment technologies for improved nutrient removal and the degradation of recalcitrant organic nitrogen compounds. In this research, a reverse A2 /O system demonstrated better phosphorus removal efficiency than the regular A2 /O system by inverting the sequence of anaerobic and anoxic zones. Placing an anoxic stage before the anaerobic stage in the reverse A2 /O process resulted in a lower oxidation-reduction potential in the anaerobic zone, which contributed to higher P uptake by bacteria under subsequent aerobic respiration. With the development of emerging environmental nanotechnology, the effectiveness of nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) in nutrient removal was also determined under anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conditions. The highest P removal efficiency (95% at the initial P concentration of 10 mg/L) by NZVI was observed under anoxic abiotic conditions. Furthermore, new applications of NZVI as an antiseptic/antimicrobial material were extended to sludge bulking control. In two Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) activated sludge treatment systems, a single dose of NZVI at the final concentration of 100 mg Fe/L in the mixed liquor reduced the number of filamentous bacteria Type 021N by 2-3 log units (a reduction of 99.9 and 96.7% in MLE tank #1 and #2, respectively). Additional benefits of the use of NZVI such as improved P removal was also determined. The side effect of the use of NZVI depended on sludge bulking conditions and biomass concentration. In the last part of this dissertation, process improvements to remove recalcitrant organic N compounds such as melamine were evaluated. Melamine is a nitrogen-rich (67% nitrogen by mass) heterocyclic aromatic compound that could significantly increase effluent total nitrogen concentrations. The degradation of melamine and its impact on activated sludge operation in conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems and MBRs with high biomass concentrations were compared. Melamine was dosed continuously in CAS and MBR systems at an influent concentration of 3 mg/L for about 100 days. Even after such a long period of sludge adaptation, melamine appeared not to be easily biodegradable in any of the CAS and MBR systems indicating that selective enrichment of special microbes (melamine degradation specialists) and the special enzymes responsible for melamine degradation cannot be induced through acclimation. However, a significant reduction in toxicity of melamine to the activated sludge was observed in MBR systems, demonstrating the significance of MBR operation at high sludge concentrations.

Download or read book Activated Sludge Developments And Sustainable Solutions written by Nicholas F Gray and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-02-27 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated sludge is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process globally to date, although its high energy demand makes it a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions. Over recent decades it has been constantly modified and retrofitted to treat ever higher loads or improve effluent standards which have often resulted in even greater carbon emissions. Conventional activated sludge treatment is at a crossroads where new sustainable solutions are required if we are to protect the quality of our rivers and meet net-zero carbon targets.The book details current operation and design with special emphasis on the biological aspects of the process. From the microbial kinetics to the fascinating process of floc formation and development, the book explores the development of our understanding of the process looking at new sustainable designs, including biological nutrient removal and new aeration systems. Sludge separation problems and control options are explained, with a trouble-shooting guide to non-bulking problems. Environmental issues including noise, odor, aerosols, micro-plastics and nanoparticles are all reviewed, as is pathogen removal and the problem of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria. The development of membrane bioreactors has increased process reliability and effluent quality, while integrated fixed-film activated sludge processes are more efficient and compact. The book concludes by exploring how activated sludge can become more sustainable, for example, by carbon harvesting and byproduct recovery.This interdisciplinary book is essential reading for both engineers and scientists whether training at university or practitioners and consultants in the wastewater industry.Related Link(s)

Download or read book Aerobic Granular Sludge written by S. Bathe and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-03-31 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerobic Granular Sludge has recently received growing attention by researchers and technology developers, worldwide. Laboratory studies and preliminary field tests led to the conclusion that granular activated sludge can be readily established and profitably used in activated sludge plants, provided 'correct' process conditions are chosen. But what makes process conditions 'correct'? And what makes granules different from activated sludge flocs? Answers to these question are offered in Aerobic Granular Sludge. Major topics covered in this book include: Reasons and mechanism of aerobic granule formation Structure of the microbial population of aerobic granules Role, composition and physical properties of EPS Diffuse limitation and microbial activity within granules Physio-chemical characteristics Operation and application of granule reactors Scale-up aspects of granular sludge reactors, and case studies Aerobic Granular Sludge provides up-to-date information about a rapidly emerging new technology of biological treatment.

Download or read book Characterizing Mechanisms of Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal During Wastewater Treatment written by P. F. Strom and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous biological nutrient removal (SBNR) is the removal of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in excess of that required for biomass synthesis in biological wastewater treatment systems where there are no defined anaerobic and/or anoxic zones. The hypothesis is that one or more of three mechanisms is responsible within individual systems: variations in the bioreactor macroenvironment created by the mixing pattern, gradients within the floc microenvironment, and/or novel microorganism activity. Understanding of the mechanisms of SBNR can be expected to lead to improved efficiency and reliability in its application. Preliminary work documented SBNR in 7 full-scale OrbalTM closed loop bioreactors. A batch assay demonstrated that novel microorganism activity was of little importance in SBNR at the three plants tested. While the floc microenvironment likely plays an important role in nitrogen removal in such plants, it cannot explain phosphorus removal. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to elucidate the role of the bioreactor macroenvironment in SBNR. This is the first reported application of CFD to activated sludge biological wastewater treatment. Although the software and computational requirements limited model complexity, it still simulated the creation of dissolved oxygen gradients within the system, demonstrating that the anaerobic zones required for SBNR could occur.

Download or read book Microbial Wastewater Treatment written by Maulin P. Shah and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-06-12 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Wastewater Treatment focuses on the exploitation of microorganisms as decontaminating tools to treat polluted wastewater, a worldwide concern. Microorganism-based processes are seen as promising technologies to treat the ever-increasing problem of polluted wastewater. The book covers recently developed process technologies to solve five major trends in the field of wastewater treatment, including nutrient removal and recovery, trace organic compounds, energy saving and production, sustainability and community involvement. Illustrates the importance of microorganisms in wastewater treatment Points out the reuse of the treated wastewater Highlights the recovery of resources from wastewater Pays attention to the occurrence of novel micro-pollutants Introduces new trends in wastewater technology

Download or read book Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-01-09 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process, the first in a series on the microbiology of wastewater treatment, comprises the critical topics of cost-effective operation, permit compliance, process control, and troubleshooting in wastewater treatment plants. Avoiding the technical jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics that typically accompany such texts, Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process directly addresses plant operators and technicians, providing necessary information for understanding the microbiology and biological conditions that occur in the treatment process. Of special interest to wastewater treatment plant operators are the bacteria that degrade nitrogenous wastes–the nitrifying bacteria–and the bacteria that degrade carbonaceous wastes–the cBOD-removing bacteria. Both groups of bacteria need to be routinely monitored and operational conditions favorably adjusted to ensure desired nitrification. Each chapter in this groundbreaking study offers a better understanding of the importance of nitrification and denitrification and the bacteria involved in these crucial processes. Chapters include: Organotrophs The Wastewater Nitrogen Cycle Nitrite Ion Accumulation Dissolved Oxygen Denitrifying Bacteria Gaseous End Products Free Molecular Oxygen The Occurrence of Denitrification

Download or read book Applications of Aerobic Granular Sludge and Source separated Urine for Enhanced Nutrient Removal and Recovery written by Stephany Wei and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient removal is one of the main goals of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to prevent eutrophication in the environment. The growing population and increasingly stringent discharge limits impose a need for intensification of existing wastewater infrastructure to maximize treatment capacity in the available space. The secondary goals of wastewater treatment are related to sustainability, such as reduced chemical usage and resource recovery. This thesis aims to find actionable maps for compact wastewater treatment solutions and new concepts for nutrient recovery with four specific objectives. (1) Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is an emerging technology that can enhance biological nutrient removal with reduced footprint. The current AGS technology is implemented in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and its integration into existing full-scale continuous flow activate sludge (CFAS) systems is the next challenge to make this technology widely accessible. This thesis aims to address this research gap by understanding the selection factors contributing to granule growth in CFAS systems, investigating the partitioning of microbial community between granules versus flocs, and exploring strategies for cultivating granules in a WWTP. The major conclusions from this work are the following: (i) Aerobic granules were discovered to naturally occur at 13 surveyed CFAS plants and their abundance were related to key design features such as high anaerobic food to mass ratios and influent soluble carbon fraction. Molecular analyses indicated that process configurations that select for slow-growing heterotrophs may also play an important role. (ii) In a hybrid granular activated sludge reactor, flocs offered better growth conductions for polyphosphate accumulating organisms while ammonia-oxidizing bacteria benefitted from the longer SRT in the granules. A complex relationship of microbial competition/cooperation between granules and flocs was demonstrated, highlighting the important role of small particles in maintaining the nutrient removal capacity of a hybrid granule/floc system. (iii) Full-scale application of a novel biocarrier technology for intensifying a CFAS plant was demonstrated with an all-organic media made of kenafs to facilitate biofilm attachment. The biofilm aggregates developed were comparable to SBR-type aerobic granules in terms of physical characteristics and activities of key microbial functional groups. (2) Phosphorus recovery is gaining importance as the global phosphorus reserves is a finite resource. Struvite (MgNH4PO4. 6H2O) is a proven slow-releasing fertilizer that can be obtained via precipitation. Struvite precipitation at WWTPs uses reject water from anaerobic digesters, but sludge thickening prior to digestion is needed to obtain high enough P concentrations in the struvite reactor as necessary to drive precipitation kinetics. This research aims to utilize the high thickening characteristics of AGS to demonstrate the production of a P-rich stream by simple anaerobic holding of the waste granular sludge. This concept was tested with aerobic granules cultivated on aquaculture waste, achieving a P-rich stream without the need for sludge thickening equipment or anaerobic digester. (3) Resource recovery at a WWTP can be limited by existing infrastructure and diluted concentrations. On the other hand, urine collected at the source (source-separated urine) offers an alternative stream for struvite recovery and is more favorable to centralized WWTP in terms of sustainable nutrient management. Struvite recovery from urine is well-demonstrated but due to the disproportionally high N/P ratio, significant amount of ammonia is remained after the struvite recovery step and requires additional treatment. The industrial production of nitrogen fertilizer via the Haber Bosch process consumes 1 – 2% of the global energy usage, and thus recycling of nitrogen from wastewater is desired. This thesis tested a chemical/physical process that combines air stripping and acid scrubbing at pilot-scale and demonstrated 93% N removal, from which 85% was recovered in the form of ammonium sulfate fertilizer. (4) While nitrogen recovery via chemical/physical processes is a viable option (as identified in objective 3), the high energy demand is a major drawback. Biological nitrification offers a promising alternative as its energy input is lower than chemical/physical processes and the product (nitrified urine) is a good fertilizer. Urine can consist of varying compositions of ammonia and urea and in some cases (e.g., fresh urine), microbial hydrolysis of urea (ureolysis) is the first step towards obtaining a nitrified urine product. However, little is known about the ureolytic metabolism of nitrifying organisms and how their cellular regulations control the selective use of different nitrogen substrates. This thesis characterized the ureolytic physiology of five ammonia oxidizer isolates and showcased their varying regulatory responses to alternative nitrogen substrates.

Download or read book Activated Sludge 100 Years and Counting written by David Jenkins and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-31 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Sludge - 100 Years and Counting covers the current status of all aspects of the activated sludge process and looks forward to its further development in the future. It celebrates 100 years of the Activated Sludge process, from the time that the early developers presented the seminal works that led to its eventual worldwide adoption. The book assembles contributions from renowned world leaders in activated sludge research, development, technology and application. The objective of the book is to summarise the knowledge of all aspects of the activated sludge process and to present and discuss anticipated future developments. The book comprises invited papers that were delivered at the conference "Activated Sludge...100 Years and Counting!", held in Essen, Germany, June 12th to 14th, 2014. Activated Sludge - 100 Years and Counting is of interest to researchers, engineers, designers, operations specialists, and governmental agencies from a wide range of disciplines associated with all aspects of the activated sludge process. Authors: David Jenkins, University of California at Berkeley, USA, Jiri Wanner, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.

Download or read book Fine scale Microbial Analysis on Denitrifying Bacteria for the Improved Control of Wastewater Treatment written by Cheng-Yao Tsai and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The activated sludge process is the foundation of liquid waste management practice which removes soluble nutrients such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nutrients (e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus) from the wastewater. Nutrient removal efficiency depends on the bacterial composition and population. There are a number of operational parameters that may manipulate the microbial community and consequently change the process efficiency. Of these parameters, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) is the quantitative operating parameter that represents the living bacterial biomass in full-scale water reclamation plants. However, it is only a crude estimation of the sum of bacterial biomass, and this simplification resulted in a poor indication of the actual treatment performance outcome. The advancement in molecular techniques allowed us to characterize the bacterial community within the MLVSS and to better understand the relationship between the bacterial composition and the treatment process. In this dissertation, I have used nitrate reduction as an example to demonstrate that microbial biomarkers are a better representation of biomass and correlate better between the wastewater operation and bacterial functionality. The research started with developing effective biomarkers based on 16S rRNA genes and functional genes (dissimilatory nitrate reductases) that would be responsive to environmental variables and operational parameters. After validating the captured sequences from the water reclamation plants with the developed primers and probes, we evaluated the bacterial composition in two water reclamation plants. Bacterial composition varied seasonally and from one plant to another. The bacterial composition of the complete nitrifying plant was mainly denitrifying bacteria, but in the incomplete nitrifying plant it was mainly carbon oxidizing bacteria. Also, we applied the biomarkers to address the link between nitrate reduction and operational parameters such as temperature, solids retention time (SRT), pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the anoxic zone at both plants. The increase of temperature and SRT positively correlated with the number of targeted functional genes, but the pH and DO inversely correlated with the number of functional genes. narG has shown positive correlation with nitrate reduction in the complete nitrifying plant. Additionally, Paracoccus was also shown to be a better indicator of nitrate reduction in this plant. These findings provided a better understanding of microbial composition responding to the operational controls in activated sludge, and the biomarkers proved to be a useful indicator representing the biomass to project nutrient removal efficiency.