Download or read book Investigation of the Fundamentals of Electrospray Ionization and the Separation of Small Molecules Using Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry written by Kimberly L. Davidson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is a gas-phase technique used to separate ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio and collision cross section (i.e. shape). Accurate MS analysis of analytes, such as proteins and protein complexes, relies on the preservation of solution-phase oligomeric distributions during ionization. Gas-phase ions in IM-MS are typically formed using electrospray ionization (ESI), which is a gentle ionization source that preserves noncovalent interactions. One challenge in ESI is that multiple analytes in a single droplet can aggregate during solvent evaporation, biasing the oligomeric states of proteins or protein complexes observed during gas-phase measurements. Initial droplet diameters using electrokinetic nano-ESI were measured and reported to be ~60 nm at an ionization current of 30 nA, which is a typical current for native IM-MS experiments. Nonspecific aggregation of a monomeric protein, myoglobin, was measured as a function of concentration of the protein in solution as well as ionization current (i.e., initial droplet size). Results from those measurements show that nonspecific aggregation increases with ionization current, initial droplet size, and concentration of the analyte in solution. The ionization mechanism of macromolecules from solution to the gas phase was also analyzed by measuring the average charge states of proteins, ranging in mass from 8 – 468 kDa, in four different buffers (ammonium acetate, methylammonium acetate, dimethylammonium acetate, and trimethylammonium acetate). Those results were analyzed according to both the charged residue model and the more recent charged residue-field emission model. In IM, ions are separated using a drift cell that is filled with a neutral gas (typically He or N2) and has an applied electric field. The collision cross sections of 20 common amino acids were measured using a radio-frequency confining drift cell and five different drift gases (He, Ar, N2, CO2 and N2O), which were chosen based on their range of masses and polarizabilities. Drift gas selectivity was quantified using peak capacity and peak-to-peak resolution. Those results show that the identities of the pairs of amino acids separated depends on the drift gas and the number of pairs separated depends on peak capacity. The collision cross sections of ten petroleum-like compounds (containing aromatic isomers and double-bond equivalents) were also measured in He, Ar, N2 and CO2. Those results demonstrate the potential to improve separations of compounds with the same elemental composition by using gases with greater mass and polarizability.
Download or read book Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry written by Richard B. Cole and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1997-05-06 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of a revolutionary technique Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has completely changed the way physicists, chemists, and biologists view the study of large molecules. The technique derives detailed information about molecular weights and structures from extremely small sample quantities. ESI-MS can create highly charged forms of very high molecular weight compounds, it is naturally compatible with many types of separation techniques, and it allows noncovalent interactions between molecules in solution to be preserved in the gas phase. But many researchers may not use the technique to its full potential because they are unfamiliar with the different perspectives of its underlying processes, the varied approaches to implementation, and the wide-ranging utility of the technique. In this book, Richard B. Cole and an assemblage of leading researchers present a single-volume compilation of different approaches to the understanding and exploitation of ESI-MS. This comprehensive guide: * Examines the physical and chemical aspects of the electrospray process and describes the events involved in ion formation as well as the electro-chemical phenomena that are central to charged droplet formation during the process * Explores the coupling of electrospray ionization to various mass spectrometers, including quadrupole, magnetic, time-of-flight, quadrupole ion trap, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance instruments * Describes recent progress in interfacing ESI with solution-based separation techniques, including liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis * Charts the rapid development of ESI applications and categorizes them by compound type: peptides and proteins, nucleic acids and their constituents, carbohydrates and lipids, small molecules related to pharmacology and drug metabolism, and organometallics and inorganic compounds Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry is the indispensable handbook and reference for anyone who wishes to understand, implement, or apply this technique, including researchers in chemistry, metallochemistry, biochemistry, biology, pharmacology, and physics.
Download or read book Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry written by Alison E Ashcroft and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, the use of ion mobility separation in combination with mass spectrometry analysis has developed significantly. This technique adds a unique extra dimension enabling the in-depth analysis of a wide range of complex samples in the areas of the chemical and biological sciences. Providing a comprehensive guide to the technique, each chapter is written by an internationally recognised expert and with numerous different commercial platforms to choose from, this book will help the end users understand the practicalities of using different instruments for different ion mobility purposes. The first section provides a detailed account of the fundamentals behind the technique and the current range of available instrumentation. The second section focusses on the wide range of applications that have benefitted from ion mobility – mass spectrometry and includes topics taken from current research in the pharmaceutical, metabolomics, glycomics, and structural molecular biology fields. The book is primarily aimed at researchers, appealing to practising chemists and biochemists, as well as those in the pharmaceutical and medical fields.
Download or read book Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry written by Frank Sobott and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a comprehensive guide to the technique, each chapter is written by an internationally recognised expert and will help the end users understand the practicalities of using different instruments for different ion mobility purposes.
Download or read book Advances in Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Fundamentals Instrumentation and Applications written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Volume 83 will focuses on new trends, methods and instrumentation in the field, starting from the innovations of each technique, to the most progressive challenges of IM-MS. Chapters includes section on Recent advances in IM-MS, IM-MS Principles and Theory, IM-MS Applications and Instrumentation, and the Future of IM-MS. Presents the latest advancements in IM-MS that are essential for new applications Helps readers understand the state-of-the-art in the currently available IM-MS interfaces and their principle uses Provides information on different IM-MS instrumentation Delves into key applications of IM-MS
Download or read book Ion Mobility Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry written by Charles L. Wilkins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-14 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analytical power of ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) instruments is poised to advance this technology from research to analytical laboratories. Exploring these developments at this critical juncture, Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry: Theory and Applications covers the tools, techniques, and applications involved w
Download or read book Electrospray and MALDI Mass Spectrometry written by Richard B. Cole and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover how advances in mass spectrometry are fueling new discoveries across a broad range of research areas Electrospray and MALDI Mass Spectrometry brings both veteran practitioners and beginning scientists up to date with the most recent trends and findings in electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. In particular, this Second Edition highlights how advances in electrospray and MALDI mass spectrometry are supporting important discoveries in new and emerging fields such as proteomics and metabolomics as well as in traditional areas of chemistry and physics research. Electrospray AND MALDI Mass Spectrometry, SECOND EDITION is divided into five parts: Part A, Fundamentals of ES, explains the fundamental phenomena underlying the electrospray process, including selectivity in ionization and inherent electrochemistry, and concludes with a chapter offering a comparative inventory of source hardware Part B, Fundamentals of MALDI, confronts ionization mechanisms, instrument development, and matrix selection, and includes a final chapter that explores the special application of MALDI to obtain two-dimensional images of spatial distributions of compounds on surfaces Part C, ES and MALDI Coupling to Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation, examines the coupling of these ionization techniques to various mass analyzers, including quadrupole ion trap, time-of-flight, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, and ion mobility mass spectrometers Part D, Practical Aspects of ES and MALDI, investigates analytical issues including quantification, charge-state distributions, noncovalent interactions in solution that are preserved as gas-phase ions, and various means of ion excitation in preparation for tandem mass spectrometry, and offers a guide to the interpretation of even-electron mass spectra Part E, Biological Applications of ES and MALDI, examines the role of mass spectrometry in such areas as peptide and protein characterization, carbohydrate analysis, lipid analysis, and drug discovery Written by a team of leading experts, the book not only provides a critical review of the literature, but also presents key concepts in tutorial fashion to help readers take full advantage of the latest technological breakthroughs and applications. As a result, Electrospray and MALDI Mass Spectrometry will help researchers fully leverage the power of electrospray and MALDI mass spectrometry. The judicious compartmentalization of chapters, and the pedagogic presentation style throughout, render the book highly suitable for use as a text for graduate-level courses in advanced mass spectrometry.
Download or read book Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry written by Alexandre A. Shvartsburg and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-12-24 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, scientific and engineering interests have been shifting from conventional ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS). Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Nonlinear Ion Transport and Fundamentals of FAIMS explores this new analytical technology that separates and characterizes ions by the difference between their mobility in gases at high and low electric fields. It also covers the novel topics of higher-order differential IMS and IMS with alignment of dipole direction. The book relates the fundamentals of FAIMS and other nonlinear IMS methods to the physics of gas-phase ion transport. It begins with the basics of ion diffusion and mobility in gases, covering the main attributes of conventional IMS that are relevant to all IMS approaches. Building on this foundation, the author reviews diverse high-field transport phenomena that underlie differential IMS. He discusses the conceptual implementation and first-principles optimization of FAIMS as a filtering technique, emphasizing the dependence of FAIMS performance metrics on instrumental parameters and properties of ion species. He also explores ion reactions in FAIMS caused by field heating and the effects of inhomogeneous electric field in curved FAIMS gaps. Written by an accomplished scientist in the field, this state-of-the-art book supplies the foundation to understand the new technology of nonlinear IMS methods.
Download or read book Development and Application of an Electrospray Ionization Ion Mobility mass Spectrometer Using an RF Ion Funnel and Periodic focusing Ion Guide written by Junho Jeon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel ion mobility-mass spectrometer was designed and built in order to achieve high transmission and high resolution for observing desolvated ion conformations of chemical and biological molecules in the gas phase. The instrument incorporates a home-built electrospray ionization (ESI) source and rf ion funnel(IF) as an ion transfer interface, modular periodic-focusing ion guide (PFIG) as a drift tube (DT) for arrival time measurement, and orthogonally accelerated linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer to maximize analytical figures-of-merit of the instrument including sensitivity and separation of gas-phase ions. The rationales for implementation of each device aforementioned are discussed as enhanced ion focusing to reduce data acquisition time of the instrument, high mobility resolution (R > 56) to separate ions having a small collision cross section (CCS) difference at low-to-intermediate field strength (10 V cm−1 torr−1~19 V cm−1 torr−1), and observation of multiple conformers from isobaric ions at various operation conditions. Gate and transfer ion optic design needed to avoid detrimental gas dynamic effect is presented during hybridization of PFIG into ESI mass spectrometer. The details of instrumentation and electrode/voltage schematics are also discussed along with SIMION calculation results. The characteristic drift motions of ions inside the PFIG require a normalization procedure to compare CCS values from the instrument with the results using conventional uniform field DT ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS). Through experimental measurements and ion trajectory calculations from well known model peptides and proteins having multiple charge states, a correlation factor a which links the results from the two different types of instrumentation was derived and successfully applied (within ±4% difference). Ion heating was also investigated using ubiquitin, insulin, and substance P. Using ESI PFIG-MS, a significant variation of the arrival time distribution at different heated capillary temperature, rf amplitude, and electric field strength was observed for ubiquitin (+7) and (+8) and substance P (+3), while a substantial change was not observed for insulin owing to structural rigidity of disulfide bond cross-linking between two chains. The results imply that ESI PFIG-MS provides a window to monitor conformational variation of gas-phase ions and measure energy barriers of peptide/protein folding processes, which can allow us to reveal pathways in structural energy landscape. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151673
Download or read book Separation and Identification of Drugs by Electrospray Ionization ion Mobility Spectrometry mass Spectrometry ESI IMS MS written by José R. Almirall and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ion Mobility Spectrometry written by G.A. Eiceman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-10 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the turn of the twenty-first century, applications of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) have diversified, expanding their utility in the military and security spheres and entering the realms of clinical practice and pharmaceutical exploration. Updated and expanded, the third edition of Ion Mobility Spectrometry begins with a comprehensive discu
Download or read book Fundamentals of Ambient Metastable induced Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Pressure Ion Mobility Spectrometry written by Glenn A. Harris and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular ionization is owed much of its development from the early implementation of electron ionization (EI). Although dramatically increasing the library of compounds discovered, an inherent problem with EI was the low abundance of molecular ions detected due to high fragmentation leading to the difficult task of the correct chemical identification after mass spectrometry (MS). These problems stimulated the research into new ionization methods which sought to "soften" the ionization process. In the late 1980s the advancements of ionization techniques was thought to have reached its pinnacle with both electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Both ionization techniques allowed for "soft" ionization of large molecular weight and/or labile compounds for intact characterization by MS. Albeit pervasive, neither ESI nor MALDI can be viewed as "magic bullet" ionization techniques. Both techniques require sample preparation which often included native sample destruction, and operation of these techniques took place in sealed enclosures and often, reduced pressure conditions. :New open-air ionization techniques termed "ambient MS" enable direct analysis of samples of various physical states, sizes and shapes. One particular technique named Direct Analysis In Real Time (DART) has been steadily growing as one of the ambient tools of choice to ionize small molecular weight (
Download or read book Investigation of Drug Separations by Electrospray Ionization Ion Mobility Spectrometry mass Spectrometry written by Laura M. Matz and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Electrospray Mass Spectrometry written by Birendra N. Pramanik and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-02-28 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discussing strategies to determine the structure and machanisms of numerous compound classics, this book covers new chemical and elctrophoretic techniques for rapid sample preconcentration and separation. It summarizes breakthroughs in the theory and instrumentation of electrospray mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, provides practical examples for the characterization of peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins, includes applications in proteomics, combinatorial chemistry, and drug characterization. Topics include chemical and electrophoretic techniques for rapid sample preconcentration and separation, screening processes for proteins from libraries of compounds, protein folding and dynamics, and more.
Download or read book Reactive Intermediates written by Leonardo S. Santos and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-11-04 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades there has been considerable growth in the development of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as a practical method in the study of reaction mechanisms. This method allows the interception and characterization of key intermediates, either as transient species or as protonated/deprotonated forms of neutral species by API-MS. The outstanding features and advantages of ESI-MS make it one of the most suitable tools for the fast screening of intermediates directly from solution, providing hitherto unavailable chemical information to organic chemists. This monograph provides an overview of the mechanisms involved in ESI-MS, the historical perspectives before looking further in-depth at specific reactions and intermediates. Written by researchers in the field, this book is an unique resource for the understanding of this cutting-edge technique.
Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Molecular Ions by Spectroscopy as Well as Ion Mobility and Mass Spectrometry written by Daniel Riebe and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this thesis was the elucidation of different ionization methods (resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization - REMPI, electrospray ionization - ESI, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization - APCI) in ion mobility (IM) spectrometry. In order to gain a better understanding of the ionization processes, several spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and theoretical methods were also used. Another focus was the development of experimental techniques, including a high resolution spectrograph and various combinations of IM and mass spectrometry.The novel high resolution 2D spectrograph facilitates spectroscopic resolutions in the range of commercial echelle spectrographs. The lowest full width at half maximum of a peak achieved was 25 pm. The 2D spectrograph is based on the wavelength separation of light by the combination of a prism and a grating in one dimension, and an etalon in the second dimension. This instrument was successfully employed for the acquisition of Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectra.Different spectroscopic ...
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry Interfaced with Ion Mobility Or Liquid Chromatography Separation for the Analysis of Complex Mixtures written by Danijela Smiljanic and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on coupling separation techniques such as ion mobility (IM) and liquid chromatography (LC) to mass spectrometry and their application to characterization of complex mixtures. Non-covalent complexes between poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) and single stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), as well as components from black raspberries, were characterized utilizing ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. Interfacing these separation methods to mass spectrometry allows for detection and identification of isobaric species and species present in low concentration. Non-covalent complexes between low molecular weight poly(ethylene imine) (PEI 400 and 800) and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were investigated for five ODNs, including d(TTTTT), d(CCCCC), d(AAAAA), d(GGGGG) and d(GCGAT). In chapter 4 the compositions, as well as solution and gas-phase stabilities of the complexes (termed polyplexes) were examined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS2). Independent of the mixing ratio of the reactants, the polyplex with 1:1 polymer-to-nucleotide stoichiometry, PN, is the dominant product. The gas-phase stabilities, assessed by MS2 and collisionally activated dissociation, follow the same order, providing evidence that the polyplex structures in aqueous solution and the more hydrophobic environment of the gas phase are very similar. Non-covalent complexes with different composition but the same molecular mass were corroborated by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS). In chapter 5 of this dissertation an investigation of the expanded non-covalent system, ternary complexes, of poly(ethylene imine), single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides and glutamic acid entities, is discussed. The solution stabilities and gas-phase stabilities of the ternary complexes (termed terplexes) were examined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS2). In addition, higher order ternary structures with multiple units of polymer and/or nucleotide present within the terplex were identified utilizing IM-MS. Finally, chapter 6 provides information on characterization of non-anthocyanin components from black raspberry fractions by interfacing liquid chromatography (LC) to mass spectrometry. The black raspberry extracts were provided from the lab of Dr. Joseph C. Scheerens at Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio. Combination of LC-MS, ESI-MS and MS2 provided structural information for the corresponding components.
