Download or read book Investigation of the Damaging Effects of Exposure to Deicing Chemicals on Portland Cement Materials written by Daniel Erik Nelsen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was designed to partially replicate winter environments and to empirically observe the damaging potential of each of the five different deicing chemicals to Portland cement materials in winter environments. These chemicals were sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium acetate, and Geomelt. Paste and concrete samples were exposed after 7 days optimal curing to one of these chemicals in either wet-dry or freeze-thaw simulated environments. Physical deterioration of these samples was analyzed measuring unit weight loss, change in compressive strength, and visual scaling. Chemical deterioration was investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify formation of new phases, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe microstructural changes, and ion penetration testing (IPT) to determine the magnitude of Cl−, Na, and K+ ions with varying depth within deicer-exposed concrete samples. CaCl2 solutions caused the most damage to both paste and concrete. In freeze-thaw conditions, concrete strength decreased by more than 60%. Geomelt, an acidic solution derived from agricultural waste, caused consistent mass loss in nearly all environments. Sodium chloride and potassium acetate were relatively benign in causing physical deterioration. The use of a corrosion inhibitor in one of the CaCl2 solutions delayed the onset of damage in freeze-thaw samples, but may not have been effective at reducing the ultimate damage to CaCl2-exposed samples. XRD identified the occurrence of two new diffraction peaks in CaCl2-exposed samples occurring at approximately 8.35A and 4.00A. No other significant chemical phase changes were identified. SEM revealed considerable precipitation of Cl− and Ca2+ ions around void perimeters and along cracks surfaces in CaCl2-exposed samples and to a lesser degree on NaCl-exposed samples. IPT identified Cl− and K+ concentrations greater than 4 times that of control samples at depths exceeding 1.2 inches in samples exposed to chloride deicers and potassium acetate, respectively. These high ionic concentrations may exacerbate chemical interaction, crystal growth, or other phenomena like corrosion of reinforcement or alkali-silica reactions.

Download or read book The Deleterious Chemical Effects of Concentrated Deicing Solutions on Portland Cement Concrete written by Lawrence Sutter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research project investigated the effects of concentrated brines of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium magnesium acetate on portland cement concrete.

Download or read book The Deleterious Chemical Effects of Concentrated Deicing Solutions on Portland Cement Concrete written by Michigan Tech Transportation Institute and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research project investigated the effects of concentrated brines of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium magnesium acetate on Portland cement concrete. Although known to be effective at deicing and anti-icing, the deleterious effects these chemicals may have on concrete have not been well documented. As a result of this research, it was determined that there is significant evidence that magnesium chloride and calcium chloride chemically interact with hardened Portland cement paste in concrete resulting in expansive cracking, increased permeability, and a significant loss in compressive strength. Although the same effects were not seen with sodium chloride brines, it was shown that sodium chloride brines have the highest rate of ingress into hardened concrete. This latter fact is significant with respect to corrosion of embedded steel. The mechanism for attack of hardened cement paste varies with deicer chemical but in general, a chemical reaction between chlorides and cement hydration products results in the dissolution of the hardened cement paste and formation of oxychloride phases, which are expansive. The chemical attack of the hardened cement paste is significantly reduced if supplementary cementitious materials are included in the concrete mixture. Both coal fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag were found to be effective at mitigating the chemical attack caused by the deicers tested. In the tests performed, ground granulated blast furnace slag performed better as a mitigation strategy as compared to coal fly ash. Additionally, siloxane and silane sealants were effective at slowing the ingress of deicing chemicals into the concrete and thereby reducing the observed distress. In general, the siloxane sealant appeared to be more effective than the silane, but both were effective and should be considered as a maintenance strategy.

Download or read book The Deleterious Chemical Effects of Concentrated Deicing Solutions on Portland Cement Concrete written by Lawrence Sutter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research project investigated the effects of concentrated brines of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium magnesium acetate on portland cement concrete.

Download or read book Effects of De icing Chemicals on Structures written by National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Board and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of Anti Icing Chemicals and Their Interactions with Pavement Concretes written by Jan Olek and published by . This book was released on 2016-12-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interactions of concrete specimens (both plain and with fly ash addition) with six different deicers was investigated by exposing them to solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and the combinations of: sodium chloride with magnesium chloride (NaCl + MgCl2), sodium chloride with calcium chloride (NaCl + CaCl2), sodium chloride with agricultural by product - Ice Ban® (NaCl + Ice Ban®). In addition, control group of specimens was exposed to the deionized water. The exposures consisted of wet/dry (W/D) and freeze/thaw (F/T) cycles as well as a continuous storage in lime water at 23°C.The effects of various exposure conditions were evaluated based on the changes in the following: relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), mass of specimens, length of specimens, mass of scaled material and compressive strength. In addition, absorption and chloride penetration measurements were performed for specimens exposed to various deicers at room temperature of 23°C. Finally, the qualitative visual evaluation of the appearance of the samples was also performed along with documentation of microstructural changes using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Among the deicer/anti-icers tested, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride solutions caused comparatively higher degree of deterioration than other solutions. Although the ultimate extent of visual degradation of the specimens exposed to both of these deicers was very comparable, the onset of the degradation process in specimens exposed to magnesium chloride was significantly delayed when compared to the onset of deterioration of specimens exposed to calcium chloride.The best performance (least amount of damage) was observed for specimens exposed to sodium chloride solutions followed by specimens exposed to the combination of sodium chloride with magnesium chloride and sodium chloride with calcium chloride.The test results indicate that F/T exposure conditions are much more severe than W/D regimes, even though the concentrations of deicers/anti-icers used for F/T cycles were about 50% lower than those used for W/D cycles. Moreover, the addition of fly ash has a positive influence on performance of the concrete regardless of the type of the exposure regime.

Download or read book Guidelines for Minimizing the Deleterious Chemical Effects of Deicers on Portland Cement Concrete written by South Dakota. Department of Transportation. Office of Research and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Deicing Salt Trace Compounds on Deterioration of Portland Cement Concrete written by John Michael Pitt and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on the effects of calcium sulfate in halite on Portland cement durability.

Download or read book Freeze thaw Tests of Liquid Deicing Chemicals on Selected Pavement Materials written by L. David Minsk and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sustainable Winter Road Operations written by Xianming Shi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-27 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first and only comprehensive guide to best practices in winter road operations Winter maintenance operations are essential to ensure the safety, mobility, and productivity of transportation systems, especially in cold-weather climates, and responsible agencies are continually challenged to provide a high level of service in a fiscally and environmentally responsible manner. Sustainable Winter Road Operations bridges the knowledge gaps, providing the first up-to-date, authoritative, single-source overview and guide to best practices in winter road operations that considers the triple bottom line of sustainability. With contributions from experts in the field from around the world, this book takes a holistic approach to the subject. The authors address the many negative impacts on regional economies and the environment of poorly planned and inadequate winter road operations, and they make a strong case for the myriad benefits of environmentally sustainable concepts and practices. Best practice applications of materials, processes, equipment, and associated technologies and how they can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of winter operations, optimize materials usage, and minimize cost, corrosion, and environmental impacts are all covered in depth. Provides the first up-to-date, authoritative and comprehensive overview of best practices in sustainable winter road operations currently in use around the world Covers materials, processes, equipment, and associated technologies for sustainable winter road operations Brings together contributions by an international all-star team of experts with extensive experience in designing, implementing, and managing sustainable winter road operations Designed to bring professionals involved in transportation and highway maintenance and control up to speed with current best practice Sustainable Winter Road Operations is essential reading for maintenance professionals dealing with snow and ice control operations on highways, motorways and local roads. It is a valuable source of information and guidance for decision makers, researchers, and engineers in transportation engineering involved in transportation and highway maintenance. And it is an ideal textbook for advanced-level courses in transportation engineering.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Regional Highway Research and Development Conferences San Francisco Atlantic City Columbus Kansas City written by United States. Bureau of Public Roads and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of Concrete in Eisenhower and Snell Locks St Lawrence Seaway written by Alan D. Buck and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement based Materials and Concrete Structures written by Agnieszka Jędrzejewska and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-10 with total page 1363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in cement-based materials (CBM) and concrete structures, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the International RILEM Conference on synergizing expertise toward sustainability and robustness of CBM and concrete structures (SynerCrete), held in Milos Island, Greece, on June 14-16, 2023. The aim of the conference was to discuss and arouse progress in research, development, and application of CBM and structural concrete through combination of expertise from distinct fields of knowledge, such as performance-based design, 3D modeling for analysis/design, building information modeling, and even robotics, while keeping focus on multiscale approaches at time and spatial levels. It covers a diverse range of topics concerning alternative concrete formulations for adaptation to climate change, performance-based and multiphysics/multiscale design and innovative testing, structural health monitoring and maintenance management, integral BIM-based planning, and resource-responsible building. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations. The two volumes encompass more than 200 original contributions in the field.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Regional Highway Research and Development Conferences San Francisco etc 1963 written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Substances on Concrete and Guide to Protective Treatments written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete making Materials written by Joseph F. Lamond and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2006 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Master s Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".