Download or read book Investigation of Sulfate Attack on Concrete written by John Donald Whitaker and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sulfate Attack on Concrete written by J. Marchand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-11 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate Attack on Concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject. It covers: a short history of concrete deterioration due to sulfate attack, the origin of sulfates in concrete, the importance of appropriate concrete processing, forms and physical-chemical mechanisms of concrete deterioration due to sulfates, preventative mea

Download or read book External Sulphate Attack Field Aspects and Lab Tests written by Esperanza Menéndez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers contributions from the final workshop of the RILEM TC-251-SRT "Sulfate Resistance Testing" on External Sulfate Attack (TESA 2018), held on May 24-25, 2018 at IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. One of the Technical Committee’s main events, it addressed various aspects of external sulfate attack in concrete structures and test methods. The workshop promoted technical discussions and debates on ideas on these topics, with a focus on evaluating the resistance of concrete exposed to ESA. It also provided a forum for participants from around the globe to share their experiences and research on concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack and on test methods. The book discusses the latest advances in research related to ESA and new developments in test methods, and features real-world case studies of concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack in various countries. It also presents new studies linking field cases and lab tests, including 12 contributions on 3 main themes: mechanisms of alteration in external sulfate attack; field aspects of external sulfate attack; and testing to evaluate the resistance of concrete to external sulfate attack.

Download or read book External Sulfate Attack of Concrete written by Federico Macias Aguayo Jr. and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfate attack of concrete is perhaps the least understood of the major durability mechanisms plaguing reinforced concrete infrastructures. Many studies have attempted to better understand the underlying mechanisms in which the various modes of deterioration by sulfate attack manifest; however, several controversies still exist. Moreover, ASTM C 1012 (2012), which is the most commonly referred standardized laboratory test method to determine sulfate resistance of blended portland cement mixtures, does not always link well to field performance and may take up to 18 months to complete. The research program presented in this dissertation investigates various issues pertaining to the mechanisms, testing methods, and factors influencing external sulfate attack. The primary focus of this research study was to investigate and propose a reliable, and innovative accelerated test method to evaluate the sulfate performance using concrete specimens. The research program was divided into the following four key components: (1) design a method that can obtain results within a reasonable timeframe (less than six months); (2) design a method that uses concrete specimens and thus links more closely to field performance; (3) develop a better understanding on the role and mechanisms of sulfate attack on concrete through a comprehensive research program including field and laboratory investigations; and (4) investigate the use of calcium sulfate (gypsum) used as an additive to mitigate the potential of sulfate attack in blended portland cement mixtures using high-calcium fly ash. The findings in this dissertation led to the development of a potential accelerated test method for determining sulfate resistance by vacuum impregnating concrete (or mortar) samples with sulfate solution to accelerate the ingress and onset of chemical reactions between the hydrated cement paste and sulfate ion (SO42-). The effects of binder type, water-to-cementitious ratio (w/cm), curing regime, sulfate type and concentration are examined. In comparison to the conventional ASTM C 1012 method, results showed a higher rate of expansion with significant distress observed in samples subjected to the accelerated test method and placed in a 5% Na2SO4 solution. Similar trends, but at a relatively lower expansion rate, were also observed in samples placed in a 0.89% Na2SO4 solution. Physical measurements, chemical analysis and microstructural studies were performed periodically on the specimens.

Download or read book Performance of Cement Based Materials in Aggressive Aqueous Environments written by Mark Alexander and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-18 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete and cement-based materials must operate in increasingly aggressive aqueous environments, which may be either natural or industrial. These materials may suffer degradation in which ion addition and/or ion exchange reactions occur, leading to a breakdown of the matrix microstructure and consequent weakening. Sometimes this degradation can be extremely rapid and serious such as in acidic environments, while in other cases degradation occurs over long periods. Consequences of material failure are usually severe – adversely affecting the health and well-being of human communities and disturbing ecological balances. There are also large direct costs of maintaining and replacing deteriorated infrastructure and indirect costs from loss of production during maintenance work, which place a great burden on society. The focus of this book is on addressing issues concerning performance of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments , by way of this State-of-the-Art Report. The book represents the work of many well-known and respected authors who contributed chapters or parts of chapters. Four main themes were addressed: I. Nature and kinetics of degradation and deterioration mechanisms of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments, II. Modelling of deterioration in such environments, III. Test methods to assess performance of cement-based materials in such environments, and which can be used to characterise and rate relative performance and inform long term predictions, IV. Engineering implications and consequences of deterioration in aggressive aqueous environments, and engineering approaches to the problem.

Download or read book Materials Science of Concrete written by Jacques Marchand and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18 papers grapple with new problems and old ones that remain unresolved concerning sulfate attack on concrete, not considered one of the most prevalent mechanisms of concrete deterioration, but one that has received much attention lately because of costly litigation against manufacturers, developers, and others. The topics include the role of ettringite in external sulfate attack, microstructural alterations in permeable concrete, assessing damage and predicting service life of venerable concrete, a marine environment, and the adequacy of standards. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Fly Ash Increases Resistance of Concrete to Sulfate Attack written by James T. Dikeou and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mitigating Sulphate Attacks in Geotechnical Engineering written by Amin Chegenizadeh and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A magnesium sulphate attack is one of the main issues that challenge civil engineering projects, in particular in coastal, landfill, and mining areas. This phenomenon reduces the stability of the structure and causes a complete failure for the system over time. Previous studies mainly focused on investigating the effects of magnesium sulphate attacks on concrete and from a structural point of view, and only a low number of studies investigated the effects of a magnesium sulphate attack on soil from a geotechnical point of view. The investigation on the effect of a magnesium sulphate attack is an important issue, particularly for stabilised soils that have a role in maintaining the integrity of foundations, slopes, embankments, etc. Portland cement (PC) is widely used in ground improvements and geotechnical engineering projects as an additive to improve the mechanical behaviour of soil. However, PC is effective to improve the engineering characteristics of soil; it is weak when exposed to the magnesium sulphate concentration. This book investigates the behaviour of different soils when treated with PC and after exposure to magnesium sulphate contamination. Also, the effect of some abundant materials in the environment such as carbon in the mechanical behaviour of stabilised soil has been investigated. The investigations have focused on shear strength and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) as two main important characteristics of stabilised soils, and they investigate their relevant characteristics. In this study, deep investigations have been conducted to figure out the behaviour of the magnesium sulphate concentration soils. However, additional research and study is required to procure a clear understanding of the interactions of the stabilised soils with magnesium sulphate concentration.

Download or read book Concrete in Aggressive Ground written by Building Research Establishment and published by Bre Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This BRE Special Digest provides practical guidance on specifying concrete for use in natural ground and in brownfield locations. The procedures for ground assessment and concrete specification cover the fairly common occurrence of sulfates, sulfides and acids and also the more rarely occurring aggressive carbon dioxide found in some ground and surface waters, which affects concrete foundations and sub-structures. This edition has been revised to reflect thinking and changes to British Standards. It introduces the phenomenon of chemical attack of concrete in the ground, describes modes of chemical attack and discusses the mechanisms of the principal types, including sulfate and acid attack, and the action of aggressive carbon dioxide. It then gives guidance on assessing the chemical aggressiveness of the ground, and recommendations for specifying concrete for general cast-in-situ use in the ground. It also gives recommendations for specifying surface carbonated precast concrete for general use in the ground, and includes design guides for specification of specific precast concrete products, including pipeline systems, box culverts and segmental linings for tunnels and shafts. The guidance applies to both buildings and civil engineering construction.

Download or read book Sulfate Attack on Concrete written by Menashi David Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sulfate Amage to Concrete Floors on Sulfate Bearing Hardcore written by Building Research Establishment and published by Riba Publishing. This book was released on 2008-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers guidance on the damage to houses and other dwellings caused by sulphate attack to floor slabs resulting from use of sulphate-bearing hardcore. This document highlights several options for procedures for investigation, assessment and remedial measures. This document, prepared by the Building Research Establishment (BRE), provides authoritative guidance on the damage to houses and other dwellings caused by sulphate attack to floor slabs resulting from past use of sulphate-bearing hardcore. Written for local authorities, professionals and homeowners, this document highlights several options for procedures for investigation, assessment and remedial measures.

Download or read book Investigation of Portland Blast furnace Slag Cements written by Bryant Mather and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Durability of Building Materials and Components written by J.M. Baker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-05-18 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the Proceedings of the fifth in the major series of triennial international conferences on the Durability of Building Materials and Components. It includes reports on current research into the causes, mechanisms and rates of deterioration of building materials, reliable means of repair and prevention of early failure, and new materials which can reduce construction costs.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Chemical Degradation of Cement based Systems written by K.L. Scrivener and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-04-17 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deterioration of cement-based materials is a continuing problem, as it results in the substantial shortening of the lives of conventional concrete structures. The main costs result from poor performance and the need for early repair. With more advanced applications, where very long service lives are essential, such as the storage of nuclear waste, an understanding of the degradation processes in order to predict long term performance is very important. this book forms the proceedings of the latest Symposia at the Materials Research Society Autumn meeting in Boston.

Download or read book Guide to Durable Concrete written by ACI Committee 201 and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigating Various Test Methods for Assessing the Effect of Sulfate Attack on Concrete Properties written by Julie Ann Hartell and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The degradation mechanisms related to the numerous chemical and physical reactions associated with external sulphate attack are undeniably complicated and are difficult to assess in the field. This study compares various sodium sulphate exposure regimes by using novel testing procedures to assess the level of sulphate attack degradation throughout an extended exposure period. A total of four exposure regimes designed to simulate those encountered in practice were replicated to compare the differences between each transport mechanism: diffusion, diffusion combined with wet-dry cycling, evaporative wicking and wicking combined with wet-dry cycling. The laboratory specimens were exposed for periods of 3, 6, 12, 18 or 24 months to three different solutions; the ASTM standard solution (5% Na2SO4), a less concentrated version representative of severe field exposure (2% Na2SO4) and the control solution (lime-saturated). Once the end of the exposure term was reached, the specimens were subjected to a series of mechanical tests. This investigation evaluated the potential and reliability of various testing techniques to identify a sulphate related distress and to quantify its extent. Prior to destructive testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity was conducted; herein, two test frequencies were compared (54 kHz and 300 kHz). The change in tensile strength was measured in three different ways: an indirect splitting tensile test, a four point bending test and a direct gas pressure tension test. During the splitting tensile tests, acoustic emission monitoring was used to quantify and qualify damage progression under stress by locating the events in three dimensional space. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of each test in measuring the variance in mechanical properties related to the sulphate exposure types and offered insight into which experimental procedure is better suited for early sulphate damage detection. " --

Download or read book Advances in Crystallization Processes written by Yitzhak Mastai and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization is used at some stage in nearly all process industries as a method of production, purification or recovery of solid materials. In recent years, a number of new applications have also come to rely on crystallization processes such as the crystallization of nano and amorphous materials. The articles for this book have been contributed by the most respected researchers in this area and cover the frontier areas of research and developments in crystallization processes. Divided into five parts this book provides the latest research developments in many aspects of crystallization including: chiral crystallization, crystallization of nanomaterials and the crystallization of amorphous and glassy materials. This book is of interest to both fundamental research and also to practicing scientists and will prove invaluable to all chemical engineers and industrial chemists in the process industries as well as crystallization workers and students in industry and academia.