Download or read book Investigation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs on Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization FGD By products written by Ping Sun and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The primary goal of this research was to examine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on dry FGD by-products to determine environmentally safe reuse options of this material. Due to the lack of information on the analytical procedures for measuring PAHs on FGD by-products, our initial work focused on analytical method development. Ultrasonic extraction with toluene as the solvent turned out to be a fast and efficient method to extract PAHs from LSD ash. The reactions of PAHs under standard ultrasonic extraction conditions were studied to address concern over the possible degradation of PAHs by ultrasound. The identified degradation by-products including methylphenanthrene and methyl-naphthalene after sonication of phenanthrene suggested that phenanthrene reacts by both direct pyrolysis and reaction with methyl radicals formed from pyrolysis of the alkane solvent. After analytical method development, speciation and concentrations of PAHs on LSD ash were investigated. Low molecular weight compounds such as naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were the primary PAHs identified. Although PAH speciation on LSD ash varied in different samples, concentrations of PAHs identified were consistently low at the mg/kg level. Daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly variability of PAHs showed a low variability from 2001-2004. Results also suggested that total measured PAH concentrations were correlated with the organic carbon content of the LSD ash. The LSD ash samples were fractionated and unburned carbon was separated for PAH measurements. The PAH concentrations on the unburned carbon were the highest among all the fractions indicating an association between PAHs and unburned carbon. However, PAHs detected on the lime-enriched fraction suggested capture of PAHs by injected slaked lime. Finally, solid by-products collected from the Ohio State carbonation and ash reactivation (OSCAR) process were examined for PAHs. The compositions and concentrations of PAHs were found to be affected by the sorbent type. Samples collected from the baghouse had higher concentrations than the samples collected from the cyclone possibly due to the longer residence time of the particles and the lower temperature in the baghouse. Moreover, operational parameters such as sorbent injection rate, flue gas flow rate also were determined to affect the PAH concentrations on the solid by-products.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nano and Bio Based Technologies for Wastewater Treatment written by Elvis Fosso-Kankeu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents recent challenges related to new forms of pollution from industries and discusses adequate state-of-the-art technologies capable to remediate such forms of pollution. Over the past few decades the boom in the industrial sector has contributed to the release in the environment of pollutants that have no regulatory status and which may have significant impact on the health of humans and animals. These pollutants also referred to as "emerging pollutants", are mostly aromatic compounds which derive from excretion of pharmaceutical, industrial effluents and municipal discharge. It is recurrent these days to find water treatment plants which no longer produce water that fits the purpose of domestic consumption based on newly established guidelines. This situation has prompted water authorities and researchers to develop tools for proper prediction and control of the dispersion of pollutants in the environment to ensure that appropriate measures are taken to prevent the occurrence of outbreaks due to sudden load of these pollutants in the water system. The chapters in this book cover a wide range of nano and bio-based techniques that have been designed for the real time detection of emerging contaminants in environmental water sources, geochemical models that are continuously improved for the prediction of inorganic contaminants migration from the mine solid wastes into ground and surface waters. Remediation strategies are also discussed and include effective techniques based on nanotechnology, advanced membrane filtration, oxidative and bio-degradation processes using various types of nanocatalysts, biocatalysts or supporting polymer matrices which are under advanced investigations for their implementation at large scale for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants from polluted water. Nano and Bio-Based Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Prediction and Control Tools for the Dispersion of Pollutants in the Environment is divided is two sections. The first section covers the occurrence of emerging pollutants in environmental water while the second section covers state-of-the-art research on the removal of emerging pollutants from water using sustainable technologies. A total of 13 chapters addressing various topics related to the two sections are essentially based on recent developments in the respective field which could have a significant impact on the enhancement of the performance of wastewater treatment plants around the world, and especially in developing countries where access to clean and safe water remains a daily challenge.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigations Into the Extraction and the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs from Water by Solid phase Extraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry written by Mohamed Elrutb and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors affecting the detennination of PAHs by capillary GC/MS were studied. The effect of the initial column temperature and the injection solvent on the peak areas and heights of sixteen PAHs, considered as priority pollutants, USillg crosslinked methyl silicone (DB!) and 5% diphenyl, 94% dimethyl, 1% vinyl polysiloxane (DBS) columns was examined. The possibility of using high boiling point alcohols especially butanol, pentanol, cyclopentanol, and hexanol as injection solvents was investigated. Studies were carried out to optimize the initial column temperature for each of the alcohols. It was found that the optimum initial column temperature is dependent on the solvent employed. The peak areas and heights of the PAHs are enhanced when the initial column temperature is 10-20 c above the boiling point of the solvent using DB5 column, and the same or 10 C above the boiling point of the solvent using DB1 column. Comparing the peak signals of the PAHs using the alcohols, p-xylene, n-octane, and nonane as injection solvents, hexanol gave the greatest peak areas and heights of the PAHs particularly the late-eluted peaks. The detection limits were at low pg levels, ranging from 6.0 pg for fluorene t9 83.6 pg for benzo(a)pyrene. The effect of the initial column temperature on the peak shape and the separation efficiency of the PARs was also studied using DB1 and DB5 columns. Fronting or splitting of the peaks was obseIVed at very low initial column temperature. When high initial column temperature was used, tailing of the peaks appeared. Great difference between DB! and.DB5 columns in the range of the initial column temperature in which symmetrical.peaks of PAHs can be obtained is observed. Wider ranges were shown using DB5 column. Resolution of the closely-eluted PAHs was also affected by the initial column temperature depending on the stationary phase employed. In the case of DB5, only the earlyeluted PAHs were affected; whereas, with DB1, all PAHs were affected. An analytical procedure utilizing solid phase extraction with bonded phase silica (C8) cartridges combined with GC/MS was developed to analyze PAHs in water as an alternative method to those based on the extraction with organic solvent. This simple procedure involved passing a 50 ml of spiked water sample through C8 bonded phase silica cartridges at 10 ml/min, dried by passing a gentle flow of nitrogen at 20 ml/min for 30 sec, and eluting the trapped PAHs with 500 Jll of p-xylene at 0.3 ml/min. The recoveries of PAHs were greater than 80%, with less than 10% relative standard deviations of nine determinations. No major contaminants were present that could interfere with the recognition of PAHs. It was also found that these bonded phase silica cartridges can be re-used for the extraction of PAHs from water.
Download or read book Investigations Into the Extraction and the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs from Water by Solid phase Extraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography written by Elrutb, Mohamed and published by 1993.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Guilherme C. Bandeira and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are high molecular weight, aromatic compounds containing two or more benzene rings joined together in different ways. They belong to a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs); are resistant to degradation; and can remain in the environment for long periods with the potential to cause adverse environmental and health effects. This book discusses the chemistry, occurrence and health issues related to PAHs. Topics include PAHs in foods and herbal medicines; biomonitoring of PAHs by pine needles; thermodynamics and phase behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixtures; occurrence of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in cephalopods; children environmentally exposed to PAHs and at risk of genotoxic effects; analysis of PAHs in environmental solid samples; the chemical and electronic properties of PAHs; and the determination of PAHs in drinking water sources.
Download or read book INVESTIGATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON PAH DEPOSITION IN ANKARA written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, wet deposition samples were collected at Middle East Technical University campus, Ankara, between December 2000 and May 2002. Snow samples were collected from 50 grids in January, 2001 in Ankara to investigate dry deposition of PAHs. The collected samples were preconcentrated by Solid Phase Extraction and ultrasonic extraction tecniques. Extraction methodologies were improved prior to analysis of samples. Extracted samples were analyzed by Gas Chromotography-Mass Spectrometry for 14 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Selected Ion Monitoring mode was used throughout the analysis. Phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo (b+k) fluoranthene were found to be dominant PAHs in wet deposition samples. Seasonal variation of PAHs were observed having higher concentrations in winter period. Meterological parameters were also examined together with PAH concentrations. Contribution of PAHs coming from North East and South West direction were found to be dominant. Wet deposition fluxes were calculated and compared with other urban sites. Wet deposition fluxes are lower than industrial sites and comparable with urban sites in Europe. PAH ratios and factor analysis results demostrated combustion and traffic emissions are major sources of pollutants in the city. Dry deposition of PAHs were invesigated using snow as a natural collecting surface. Dry deposition fluxes calculated using snow surface are compareble with other similar sites. Dry deposition pollution maps of PAHs were drawn by MapInfo software and it was observed that the major pollution regions are the localities where low income families live and low quality coal used for heating purpose. Ratio calculations showed that the central parts of the city is mostly affected from traffic emissions while coal emissions are dominating at the other parts of the city. Factor analysis applied to data set and 6 factors distinquished as coal, soil, traffic, oil combustion, mixed combustion and road dust.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs in River Bank Soils written by Carmen Pies and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vegetation air Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs written by Zunyu Tao and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigations Into the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs and Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs by Capillary Gas Chromatography written by Xing-Fang Li and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors involved in the determination of PAHs (16 priority PAHs as an example) and PCBs (10 PCB congeners, representing 10 isomeric groups) by capillary gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS, for PAHs) and electron capture detection (GC/ECD , for PCBs) were studied, with emphasis on the effect of solvent. Having various volatilities and different polarities, solvent studied included dichloromethane, acetonitrile, hexan e, cyclohexane, isooctane, octane, nonane, dodecane, benzene, toluene, p-xylene, o-xylene, and mesitylene. Temperatures of the capillary column, the injection port, the GC/MS interface, the flow rates of carrier gas and make-up gas, and the injection volume were optimized by one factor at a time method or simplex optimization method. Under the optimized conditions, both peak height and peak area of 16 PAHs, especially the late-eluting PAHs, were significantly enhanced (1 to 500 times) by using relatively higher boiling point solvents such as p-xylene and nonane, compared with commonly used solvents like benzene and isooctane. With the improved sensitivity, detection limits of between 4.4 pg for naphthalene and 30.8 pg for benzo[g,h,i]perylene were obtained when p-xylene was used as an injection solvent. Effect of solvent on peak shape and peak intensity were found to be greatly dependent on temperature parameters, especially the initial temperature of the capillary column. The relationship between initial temperature and shape of peaks from 16 PAHs and 10 PCBs were studied and compared when toluene, p-xylene, isooctane, and nonane were used as injection solvents. If a too low initial temperature was used, fronting or split of peaks was observed. On the other hand, peak tailing occurred at a too high initial column temperature. The optimum initial temperature, at which both peak fronting and tailing were avoided and symmetrical peaks were obtained, depended on both solvents and the stationary phase of the column used. On a methyl silicone column, the alkane solvents provided wider optimum ranges of initial temperature than aromatic solvents did, for achieving well-shaped symmetrical GC peaks. On a 5% diphenyl: 1% vinyl: 94% dimethyl polysiloxane column, when the aromatic solvents were used, the optimum initial temperature ranges for solutes to form symmetrical peaks were improved to a similar degree as those when the alkanes were used as injection solvents. A mechanism, based on the properties of and possible interactions among the analyte, the injection solvent, and the stationary phase of the capillary column, was proposed to explain these observations. The effect of initial temperature on peak height and peak area of the 16 PAHs and the 10 PCBs was also studied. The optimum initial temperature was found to be dependent on the physical properties of the solvent used and the amount of the solvent injected. Generally, from the boiling point of the solvent to 10 0C above its boiling point was an optimum range of initial temperature at which cthe highest peak height and peak area were obtained.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PAH Accumulation in Plants written by Jan J. Slaski and published by Air Research Users Group, Alberta Environment. This book was released on 2000 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coal Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acid Precipitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996-02 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA Publications Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Consolidates into one publication all reports previously published in the EPA publications bibliography quarterly abstract bulletin, from its inception in 1977 ..."--Foreword, 1977/1983.
