Download or read book Investigation of Peptidyl prolyl Cis trans Isomerases in the Virulence of Staphylococcus Aureus written by Rebecca Keogh (author) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of both hospital and community-associated infections that can manifest in a wide range of diseases. These diseases range in severity from minor skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening sepsis, endocarditis and meningitis. Of rising concern is the prevalence of antibiotic resistant S. aureus strains in the population, and the lack of new antibiotics being developed to treat them. A greater understanding of the ability of S. aureus to cause infection is crucial to better inform treatments and combat these antibiotic resistant superbugs. The ability of S. aureus to cause such diverse infections can be attributed to the arsenal of virulence factors produced by the bacterium that work to both evade the human immune system and assist in pathogenesis. Many of these virulence factors have redundant or overlapping functions, and consequently, vaccines and antibiotics designed to target one or a small number of virulence factors have had limited success in combatting infection. An alternative approach to targeting individual factors has been to identify global regulators or systems that affect the expression of numerous virulence factors or virulence factor activity in the cell. Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are a family of enzymes that have been shown to regulate virulence factor activity and assist in protein secretion in numerous bacteria. In addition, the deletion of certain PPIases has resulted in an attenuation of virulence, demonstrating their importance in infection. The objective of this dissertation was to characterize three PPIase proteins: PrsA, PpiB and trigger factor (TF) encoded by S. aureus and determine if they contribute to virulence factor production, regulation and disease.
Download or read book Staphylococcus aureus Toxins written by William R. Schwan and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Staphylococcus aureus is a common inhabitant of the human body with which we co-exist. However, this species can also cause disease in humans when an appropriate opportunity arises, such as a cut or some other breakdown in our body’s defenses. S. aureus is able to initiate infections due, in part, to the diverse group of toxins that they secrete. The exotoxins produced by S. aureus can cause direct damage, thwart our own body’s defenses, or trigger massive amounts of cytokines that lead to indirect damage within the human body. In this book are 12 research articles that deal with different aspects of staphylococcal exotoxins. Some of the work gives an overview about how the toxins contribute to the disease process. Other articles discuss different aspects of several exotoxins, and two articles are centered on countermeasures against S. aureus infections. Overall, this book will give the reader a good overview of how staphylococcal exotoxins contribute to initiating and sustaining infections in humans.
Download or read book Pathogenomics of the genus Brucella and beyond volume II written by Axel Cloeckaert and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-07 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Precision Vaccinology for Infectious Diseases written by Mahbuba Rahman and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-29 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Human body is a vast network of interacting genes, proteins, and metabolites. These components, which may be considered host factors, change under disease, treatment or healthy condition. While treatment of many diseases depends on therapeutic drugs, vaccines remain the most effective long-term public health intervention to prevent infectious diseases. To date, vaccines have been developed to treat entire populations with little provision for predisposing individual host factor differences. However, the use and application of vaccines is facing multiple challenges with increasing numbers of vaccine non-responders and vaccine-relapsed individuals. The cause of this complication is partially due to host-factors. Another challenge is the adverse effects of vaccines in patients with primary immunodeficiency or autoimmune diseases, as well as vaccine-waning immunity in ageing populations, obese populations, or those with co-infection. To overcome these challenges, the solution may be the design, and formulation of precision vaccines, which are patient-specific.
Download or read book The Deadly Secrets of C Difficile Insights into Host Pathogen Interaction written by Meina Neumann-Schaal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-17 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clinical metagenomics based diagnostics for infectious diseases written by Sathyavathi Sundararaju and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-20 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical metagenomics is an emerging method in the diagnosis of infectious diseases that uses next generation sequencing (NGS) technology to identify the etiologic agents to allow for more effective and targeted treatment of infectious diseases. Conventional diagnostic methods are mainly based on basic morphologic, phenotypic and genotypic analyses which can be insensitive and/or time consuming. Metagenomic NGS (mNGS) can be performed with only a small amount of nucleic acid from the specimen and not only can the pathogen be identified and characterized, but also its antimicrobial susceptibility can be inferred. Although tremendous advancements were made in the speed, throughput, and cost of NGS in recent years, the application of clinical metagenomics in routine diagnosis of infectious diseases is not yet practical because of its much higher cost compared to conventional microbiological tests, complex laboratory workflows and computational challenges.
Download or read book Light Sensing in Plants written by M. Wada and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-04-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants utilize light not only for photosynthesis but also as environmental signals. They are capable of perceiving wavelength, intensity, direction, duration, and other attributes of light to perform appropriate physiological and developmental changes. This volume presents overviews of and the latest findings in many of the interconnected aspects of plant photomorphogenesis, including photoreceptors (phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins), signal transduction, photoperiodism, and circadian rhythms, in 42 chapters. Also included, is a prologue by Prof. Masaki Furuya that gives an overview of the historical background. With contributions from preeminent researchers in specific subjects from around the world, this book will be a valuable source for a range of scientists from undergraduate to professional levels.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections written by Payam Behzadi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-02-13 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generally, in accordance with anatomical characteristics, urinary tract infections (UTIs) and in particular recurrent UTIs occur in women; in contrast, UTIs normally occur in men with different predisposing factors. There are several types of UTIs, including asymptomatic and symptomatic, complicated and uncomplicated, acute and chronic with a diversity of microbial pathogens. In pathogens, virulence factors and genes determine the type and severity of the UTIs. Obviously, UTIs are a huge problem in global public healthcare systems with a wide range of predisposing factors, including gender, microbial agent, the host's immune deficiencies, genetic diseases, catheterization, etc. The recent items determine the microbiology of UTIs. Accurate diagnosis and definitive treatment are the key to UTI reduction.
Download or read book Lactic Acid Bacteria Genetics Metabolism and Applications written by W.N. Konings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In ancient times foods fermented with lactic acid bacteria already constituted an important part of the human diet. From then on, lactic acid bacteria have played an essential role in the preservation of food raw materials and have contributed to the nutritional, organoleptic and health properties of human food products and animal feed. The important function that lactic acid bacteria still have in the production of foods all over the world has resulted in a growing scientific interest in these micro-organisms by academic research groups as well as by industry. During the last 15 years, this research has been stimulated by major internationally coordinated funding efforts that have resulted in a variety of important scientific breakthroughs and have led to new applications. Written by international experts in the field, this issue of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek documents these developments with respect to genetics, metabolism and the application of lactic acid bacteria for industrial and potential medical applications. In this book the first complete genome of a lactic acid bacterium is presented. The book will serve as a reference source and also as an indispensable source of information for further development and exploration of the field.
Download or read book Stress Response Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens written by Jyl S. Matson and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical factor for bacterial survival in any environment is the ability to sense and respond appropriately to insults that cause stress to the cell, threatening its survival. Most of these stressors first affect the outer surface of the bacterial cell, are sensed in some way, and defense measures are enacted in response. If the bacteria successfully respond to an encountered stress, they survive and multiply. If they are unsuccessful or inefficient in their response, it can result in death. Efficiently responding to factors that induce stress is especially important for bacteria that inhabit environments that are constantly changing, or for those that inhabit more than one biological niche. In addition, bacterial species that associate with humans and other organisms must be able to overcome stresses that are produced by the host immune response in order to colonize and cause disease. The wide variety of stressors encountered by bacteria has resulted in countless strategies that are used by pathogens to overcome these insults, which we continue to identify. Clearly, a better understanding of these stress response mechanisms may be useful for developing new strategies to combat bacteria that cause certain infectious diseases. This Research Topic aims to highlight our increasing understanding of mechanisms by which bacteria sense and respond to stresses encountered in the host or other environments. Examples of stress response mechanisms of interest include, but are not limited to those that respond to antimicrobials, host immune responses, or environmental changes.
Download or read book Advances in Applied Microbiology written by Geoffrey M. Gadd and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-16 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Applied Microbiology, Volume 113, continues the comprehensive reach of this widely read and authoritative review source in microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and information on a variety of areas relating to the topic, with this release focusing on Gaps in the Assortment of Rapid Assays for Microorganisms of Interest to the Dairy Industry, Metal reduction and corrosion by bacterial biofilms, The microbiology of red brines, Clostridium thermocellum: a microbial platform for high-value chemical production from lignocellulose, and The zincophore system in pathogenic yeasts. Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of microbiology Includes discussions on the role of specific molecules in pathogen life stages, interactions, and much more
Download or read book Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology written by American Society for Microbiology. General Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book About the Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter written by Odile Tresse and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-02-22 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A significant increase in the prevalence of campylobacteriosis cases has been observed over the past years. Campylobacter has emerged as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne disease worldwide with a significant impact on human health and an associated economic burdens. Campylobacteriosis human cases have been generally correlated with the handling, preparation and consumption of poultry. In 2017, the European Commission regulation has amended Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on the hygiene of foodstuffs as regards Campylobacter on broiler carcasses stating a limit of 1000 cfu/g. Campylobacter is also present in other farm animals and is frequently found on a range of foodstuffs due to cross contamination. Among the pathogenic species, C. jejuni is the most prevalent species followed by C. coli. Current guidelines highlight the importance of biosecurity but these measures are failing to mitigate the risk of pathogenic Campylobacter. As an obligate microaerophile, Campylobacter does not multiply under atmospheric oxygen concentration at ambient temperatures. It therefore constitutes a puzzle as to how it can survive from farm to retail outlets. The underlying molecular mechanisms of persistence, survival and pathogenesis appear to be unique to this pathogen. Recent research has indicated how genomic polymorphism, restricted catabolic capacity, self regulation or deregulation of genes, bacterial cooperation and unknown contamination routes may be connected to this specificity. This book includes original studies on both C. jejuni and C. coli species dealing with epidemiology and animal carriage, host interaction, control strategies, metabolism and regulation specificities of these two pathogenic species, methodology to improve cultural techniques and chicken gut microbiota challenged with Campylobacter.
Download or read book Handbook of Natural Toxins Volume 8 written by Joel Moss and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-03-21 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the structure and function of bacterial toxins and presents a comprehensive review of virulence factors, providing recent information concerning cell physiology and biochemistry, as well as new toxin tools for experimental studies and clinical therapy. A wide variety of toxic proteins, including the toxins that cause diptheria
Download or read book Foodborne Pathogens written by Joshua B. Gurtler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-14 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foodborne illnesses continue to be a major public health concern. All members of a particular bacterial genera (e.g., Salmonella, Campylobacter) or species (e.g., Listeria monocytogenes, Cronobacter sakazakii) are often treated by public health and regulatory agencies as being equally pathogenic; however, this is not necessarily true and is an overly conservative approach to ensuring the safety of foods. Even within species, virulence factors vary to the point that some isolates may be highly virulent, whereas others may rarely, if ever, cause disease in humans. Hence, many food safety scientists have concluded that a more appropriate characterization of bacterial isolates for public health purposes could be by virotyping, i.e., typing food-associated bacteria on the basis of their virulence factors. The book is divided into two sections. Section I, “Foodborne Pathogens and Virulence Factors,” hones in on specific virulence factors of foodborne pathogens and the role they play in regulatory requirements, recalls, and foodborne illness. The oft-held paradigm that all pathogenic strains are equally virulent is untrue. Thus, we will examine variability in virulence between strains such as Listeria, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Cronobacter, etc. This section also examines known factors capable of inducing greater virulence in foodborne pathogens. Section II, “Foodborne Pathogens, Host Susceptibility, and Infectious Dose” , covers the ability of a pathogen to invade a human host based on numerous extraneous factors relative to the host and the environment. Some of these factors include host age, immune status, genetic makeup, infectious dose, food composition and probiotics. Readers of this book will come away with a better understanding of foodborne bacterial pathogen virulence factors and pathogenicity, and host factors that predict the severity of disease in humans.
