Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion Quarterly Technical Progress Report October 1 1993 December 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough understanding of the fundamental processes which govern the mineral behavior is essential to the development of tools to predict and manage ash deposition. The purpose of the current project is to perform a fundamental study of mineral transformations and ash deposition during staged combustion of pulverized coal. Staging of combustion air is a strategy used to reduce NO(subscript x) emissions from coal-fired units. It is applicable to both advanced combustion systems currently under development (e.g. HITAF) and low NO(subscript x) retrofits for existing units. These low NO(subscript x) combustion strategies produce fuel rich or reducing conditions in the lower furnace. Therefore, the combustion history of the coal particles is significantly changed from that experienced under normal combustion conditions. A carefully designed experimental study is needed to examine the effects of altered combustion conditions on mineral matter release, fly ash formation, particle stickiness and deposit formation. This project uses state-of-the-art analytical equipment and a well-characterized laboratory combustor to address this need. This report describes work in the initial quarter of a fundamental, three-year study of mineral transformations and ash deposition during staged combustion.
Download or read book Investigation of Mineral Transformations and Ash Deposition During Staged Combustion Quarterly Technical Progress Report April 1 1995 June 30 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Department of Combustion Research Annual Progress Report written by Peter Hauge Madsen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Progress Report for the Magnetohydrodynamics Coal Fired Flow Facility October 1 1993 December 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this quarterly technical progress report, UTSI reports on progress in developing the technology for the steam bottoming portion of the MHD Steam Combined Cycle power plant. The experimental program was effectively terminated and reoriented to preparation of reports on previous tests and maintaining the DOE facility. In this report, the results of tube corrosion studies for the samples removed after 500 hours of western coal testing are summarized. Plans for evaluating the tube samples after termination of the tests at 1,047 hours are discussed. The status of development of models to predict ash deposition on conductive heat transfer tubes and their validation with experimental data is presented. Modeling and experiments to induce agglomeration of particulate are also discussed. Significant accomplishments, findings and conclusions include: In summary, corrosion measurements on typical, commercial stainless steels and on low and intermediate chromium steels after 639 hours of LMF5 exposure in the SHTM test sections revealed corrosion that was generally acceptable in magnitude if corrosion kinetics are parabolic, but, except for the higher chromium alloys 253MA and 310, not if kinetics are linear. The production of bilayer scales, and the large amount of scale separation and fragmentation make long term parabolic kinetics unlikely, and result in a high likelihood for breakaway corrosion.
Download or read book Fischer Tropsch Synthesis in Supercritical Fluids Quarterly Technical Progress Report October 1 1993 December 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectives for the first quarter for Task A, Diffusion Coefficients of F-T Products in Supercritical Fluids, were to measure diffusion coefficients of 1-tetradecene in subcritical propane and the diffusion coefficients of 1-octene and 1-tetradecene in subcritical propane and the diffusion coefficients of 1-octene and 1-tetradecene in subcritical and supercritical ethane. We planned to use ethane as a solvent because its lower critical temperature enabled measurements without modification of the existing unit. Our objective was to investigate the behavior of the diffusion coefficients in crossing from subcritical to supercritical conditions. Objectives for Task B, Fischer Tropsch reaction related studies, were: (1) to install and test the temperature probe and the flammable gas detector: (2) to conduct Fischer-Tropsch experiments at baseline conditions and at a high pressure in order to test the newly constructed fixed bed reactor assembly. Accomplishments and problems, are presented.
Download or read book The Magnetohydrodynamics Coal Fired Flow Facility Technical Progress Report July 1 1993 September 30 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this quarterly technical progress report, UTSI reports on a multi-task research contract directed toward developing the technology for an MHD steam combined cycle power plant. During the period two tests were conducted in the DOE Coal Fired FLow Facility. Both of these tests were part of the western coal proof-of-concept (POC) test series. The report describes the performance of the tests and provides some preliminary performance data on particulate removal systems during the tests. The performance of ceramic tubes being tested for high temperature air heater application is described. Performance of advanced diagnostics equipment from both UTSI and MSU is summarized. The results of experiments designed to determine the effects of potassium compounds on combustion are included. Plans for analysis of metal tube specimens previously removed from the test train are discussed. Modeling and analysis of previous test data include a deposition model to predict ash deposition on tubes, mass balance results, automated data screening and chemical analyses and the data base containing these analyses. Laboratory tests on sealing ceramic tubes and corrosion analyses of previously tested tubes are reported.
Download or read book The Selective Catalytic Cracking of Fischer Tropsch Liquids to High Value Transportation Fuels Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 5 First Quarter Fiscal Year 1994 October 1 1993 December 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Winter Waterfront Year round Use in Metropolitan Toronto written by Xenia Klinger and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Selective Catalytic Cracking of Fischer Tropsch Liquids to High Value Transportation Fuels Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 5 First Quarter Fiscal Year 1993 October 1 1992 December 31 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economical Production of Alcohol Fuels from Coal derived Synthesis Gas Quarterly Technical Progress Report Number 9 October 1 1993 December 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysts based on molybdenum are being prepared using four different approaches. These materials have been characterized by IR, XRD and single-crystal studies. Modeling studies are continuing satisfactorily. The overall efficiency of each base case has been calculated and tested as a screening method to select feasible technologies. A methodology to determine the effects and influences of process variable uncertainties on the performance of a design has been developed. Input variables in the model to be considered include the reaction product distribution, the operating temperatures of equipment (e.g., gasifiers, separators, etc.), and the estimates of the thermodynamic model used in the computer aided design simulation of the process. The efficiency of the process can be modeled by calculation of output variables such as the payback period or the energy efficiency of the plant. The result will be a range of expected operating conditions for the process and an indication of which variables̀ uncertainties are most likely to affect process operating conditions. The stream exiting the reactor consists of alcohols, esters and water. The separation block consists of a network of distillation columns which separate the various alcohols and water. The choice and order of separation, operating conditions, degree of separation and amount to be bypassed are the random variables to be optimized by simulated annealing. The value of the above variables controls the mix of the alcohol streams to be used as gasoline additives exiting the network of distillation column. The total profitability is the price obtained by selling the various blended products after accounting for the cost of production of various alcohols.
Download or read book Quarterly Technical Progress Report October 1 December 30 1983 written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several new initiatives were begun in coal preparation, including a project to develop a liquid CO2 coalescence process that will produce a superclean coal containing less than 1% ash. Another new project in this area is focusing on chemical coal cleaning for the removal of harmful trace elements, such as arsenic, lead, and zinc. Milestones were reached in both of our major electron beam flue gas cleanup projects. In the area of coal-water mixtures, our major industrial contracts are now approaching critical milestones. The analysis of our in-house combustion testing of micronized coal-water mixtures in PETC's 700-horsepower oil-designed boiler has been completed. By reducing the coal particle size from 90% minus 200 mesh down to 87% minus 19 microns, the carbon conversion efficiency increased from a level of 96% to 98%. Combustion tests with a commercially available CWM showed that combustion air enriched to 23% oxygen reduced the needed air preheat temperature from 370° to 200°F. Work also got underway in the new projects selected last summer to investigate advanced direct liquefaction processes. At Kerr-McGee, three scoping runs on their 350 pound/day integrated bench-scale unit were successfully completed. The objective of these runs was to evaluate subbituminous coal process options in terms of catalyst performance, distillate yields, and generation of coke precursors. Cities Service began its project on the characterization of hydrogen donor solvents in two-stage liquefaction. 7 figures, 33 tables.
Download or read book Effects of Low temperature Catalytic Pretreatments on Coal Structure and Reactivity in Liquefaction Technical Progress Report October 1993 December 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this quarter, progress has been made in the following two aspects: The influences of temperature, dispersed Mo catalyst, and solvent on the liquefaction conversion and composition of products from low-rank coals; and the hydrous pyrolysis of a lignite and spectroscopic characterization of its structural transformation during the hydrous pyrolysis. The analytical work described in this quarter also represents molecular-level characterization of products. The purpose of the first part of the work described in this quarter is to study the influences of temperature, solvent and dispersed Mo catalyst on the liquefaction conversion and chemical composition of the products. Many specialty chemicals, including one- to four-ring aromatics, could potentially be produced by liquefying coal. To achieve this goal, not only a high coal conversion but also a desirable product distribution is necessary. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the structural changes of the coal during reaction and to investigate the conditions under which the aliphatics or aromatics can be removed from the macromolecular structure of coal. This quarterly report also describes the hydrous pyrolysis of Potapsco lignite and spectroscopic characterization of its structural transformation during the hydrous pyrolysis. This work has some implications both on the structural changes of low-rank coals during pretreatment and on the geochemical reactions during coalification stage. Vitrinite, a major component of most coals, is derived from degraded wood in ancient peat swamps. Organic geochemical studies conducted on a series of coalified wood samples derived mostly from gymnosperms have allowed the development of a chemical reaction series to characterize the major coalification reactions which lignin, the major coal-producing component of wood, undergoes.
Download or read book Bench scale Co processing Technical Progress Report No 22 October 1 1993 December 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major objective of this contract is to establish a database for the optimization of the co-processing concept by improving the effectiveness of the co-processing catalyst system. Two major mechanisms for improving the catalyst system are to be investigated: employment of more effective catalysts and utilization of improved catalytic environments. This report covers the period of October 1, 1993 to December 31, 1993. During this period work on Subtask 3.2.2, Improvement in Catalytic Environment, was carried out and the bench-scale co-processing pilot plant was operated in the co-current mode with product recycle and increased catalyst concentration. The project objective was to achieve 90+ % conversion of the 510°C+ non-distillables at 2800 psig. Currently work is on-going in a stirred autoclave at the same catalyst concentration as that in the runs reported here, and the results of these autoclave runs will be summarized in Technical Progress Report No. 23.
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties Quarterly Technical Report March 1 1993 May 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated method consisting of physical coal cleaning, mild gasification (MG) and low temperature oxidation (LTO) is proposed to produce chars with SO2 emissions at least 50% lower than those of their parent coals. MG and char desulfurization studies are conducted in both a batch fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) and in a continuous rotary tube kiln (RTK). Combustion properties and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kill pilotscale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). This project is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. During the first year of this two year project, six coals from the IBC sample program (IBC-101, 102, 104, 105, 106 and 109) were studied. Under non-optimized conditions in the FBR, desulfurized chars were made with SO2 emissions 60--71% lower than the parent coals, depending on the coal. Chars prepared from four of the six coals had SO2 emissions less than 2.5 lbs SO2/MMBtu. Under optimum conditions, SO2 emissions of one of the coals were reduced nearly 67%, from 4.60 to 1.49 lbs SO2/MMBtu. MG reduced the chlorine content of one coal 93%.
